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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✟✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎☞☛✑✌✓✒✔✌✖✕✗☛✔✘✚✙✛✒✗✌☞✜✣✢✤✌✦✥☞✠✤✧✩★ ✕✪✘✫✧✑☛✭✬✣★✯✮✰✮✲✱ ☛✳✒☞✴✵✥✪✠☞☛✔✶✍✷✸☛✗✕✍✢✸☛✳✒✤✴ ✹✔✺✗✻✍✼✦✽✔✾✤✿❀✹✸❁✤❂✪❃ ❄ ❅❇❆✗❈✤❉✖❊✤❆✑❋✗●■❍ ❏❑❆✔❈✗▲✗▲✗▼✗◆✪❖ P ◗■❘✤❙❯❚✚❱✗❲❳❱✪❨☞❩✔❬✍❭✸❩✍❲✗❚✸❩✳❘✤❪✣❘✔❫✗❩■❴✦❱✔❵☞❛❀❘✤❲☞❨❝❜■❩❡❞✑❴❢❘✤❭✤❫✔❩✍❣✐❤ ❥ ❦❇❧✗♠✤♥✵♦✓♣✔qsr✉t ✈✣r✗✇②① ✈✸♥✖③ ④ ⑤■⑥✤⑦⑨⑧ ⑩✵❶✸⑤❷⑧ ⑩✪❸✑⑥✤❹✗❺❻⑧ ❹✪❹✗❺✗❶❢⑦✛⑥✗❼☞❽✸❺✍❸❻❺✗❹☞❾✍⑧❀❼✚⑥☞❹✗❿✓❺✔❹✔❶➀⑩■➁✤⑦➂⑧ ❶✫⑤✐❿➄➃✑➅ ❶✤⑧✯➆❷➅ ❺❝⑩✸❺■❼✏❾☞❺■❼✏⑩ ⑧ ❹✤❾☞⑥s➅ ❾☞❺✍❸➇⑧ ❹❝⑥✤❹✗❺✪⑩✤➃✤➈☞⑤✳⑩✸❺✔➉■➃✸❺✍❹✔➈☞❺❡➊

client ATM server BANK

input_pin(PIN); select_withdraw; select_checking; withdraw_request(amount); ...

authorize_withdraw;

SLIDE 2

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f

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✻✽✼✿✾❁❀❃❂❄✾❆❅❄❇❉❈❋❊❉❀❍●

❂❃❇✿✾❆✼■❇❉❏ ❑❁▲❁▼❆◆✿❖◗P❉❘❙❑❃❚❱❯✿❲❨❳✽▼◗P❩❖❉❬❄❖❭❘❫❪ ❖❵❴❛❪ ▼❝❜❭❪❋❘ ❞❆❡❢P■❣ ❤❁✐❁❥❆❦✿❧◗♠❉♥❙❤❃♦q♣sr t✉❤❃❤❵✈✇❧❝①❵②③♥ ④❵⑤❢♠ ⑥❁⑦❁⑧❆⑨✿⑩◗❶❉❷❙⑥❃❸❺❹❼❻❨❽✽⑧❢❶❾⑩❉❿❄⑩✉❷➁➀ ⑩❵➂❼➀ ⑧➃⑨➄⑥❁⑥◗➅➇➆ ➈❁➉❁➊❆➋✿➌◗➍❉➎❙➈❃➏➑➐➓➒ ➔✉➈❃➈❵→✇➌➃➋➄➈❉➈❁➣ ↔ ➋✿➌❁➏❃↕❄➌❆➙❄➍❉➎❋➈❉➏❍➛ ➊❢➏❁➜❛➒

SLIDE 3

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✄✆☎✞✝✠✟☛✡

☞✌✡ ☎✎✍

–

✏✒✑✔✓✌✕✖✓✌✗✔✘✎✙✠✙✛✚✜✘✣✢✤✓✠✘✦✥✆✓✧✗✎★✪✩✠✫✣✙✬✕✖✓✠✘✣✭ ✩✛✗✔✚✮✓✌✕✎✙✰✯✌✑✠✗✔✱✳✲ ✙✠✱✰✘✴✩✵✏✒✙✠✘✣✢✒✙✧✕✶✓✛✗✔✱✷✓✠✫✒✫✣✙✤✓✌✕✶✓✒✚✸✩✌✗✴✙ ✹✴✺✌✻✔✼✵✽ ✾✛✿✴✺✠✿✵❀❁✿✠✻✤✽ ✼✮✺✠❂✦❃❄✺✛❅✔❆ ❇ ❈✧❉ ❉✣❊✛❋✦●✞❊✒❍✣■✧❏

✔❑✧▲✒❏

▼ ◆✧▼ ▲✠❏ ❖✜❍✔❋✎❈✌●✔P✎❈✛◗✣❍✣❏ ❊✌●❘❏ P☛❏

✔❍✎◆✧❋✔❋✞❙✤❚✤❍✞◆✠❯✳▲✴❈❱❉

❉✒❏ ❍✞P❁❲❳❊✛❋✔❨❩❏ P❁❙✠●✴❯✧❊✠●✴◆

❬✬❭✠❪✤❫✵❴

❫✎❵✔❛✌❪✣❜✣❝ ❞

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❡✒❢✔❣✌❤✖❣✌✐✔❥✎❦✠❦✛❧✜❥✣♠✤❣✠❥✶❣✪❥✔❤♥❣✧✐✔❧✎❣✠♦✵❥✣♣ q✌✐✦r✆♣ts s✌s ❦✠❣✒✉✞❦✷❥✣♠✤❦✈❧✎✇✠❧✴❥✞❦✧①②♣ ✐✸❣❩♦✔q✌✐✔❧✵♣ ❧✴❥✴❦✧✐✔❥✸❧✴❥✎❣✠❥✎❦✈③④♣ ⑤ ❦✬⑤ ⑥✴❣❱s s ⑦ ⑧✔⑨✞⑩✠❶✛❷✔⑦ ⑨♥❸✷❹✔❺✌⑧✔❻✔⑨✔❷♥❼✌⑦ ⑧✔⑨✞❻✦❻✎❼✠⑨✣⑦ ❻✔❽✒⑦ ⑩✠❾✬❿➀❼✛❽✣⑨✎⑩✌❷✮⑨✵❷✖❼✌⑧✔❻✎❼✛❹✣⑨✣⑦ ❺✌⑧❁❹✔❺✛➁✸➂✌➃ ⑩✛⑨✞⑩✠❻ ➄ ⑨✔➅✠⑩❩⑨✔❷✎❼✛⑧✔❻✞❼✠❹✵⑨✣⑦ ❺✌⑧✜➂✛❷♥⑩✛❻✴⑩✌❷✴➆✞⑩✠❻✸❼❱➃ ➃✵❻✎❸✠❻✣⑨✎⑩✌➁②➂✒❷♥❺✠➂✵⑩✌❷✞⑨✵⑦ ⑩✛❻

➇✛➈✴➉✛➊

➋✒➌✵➍ ➉✠➎➀➏

–

➐✒➑✎➒✒➓✎➔✌→✵➓✞➣✦→✔➒✌↔✣→✤↕✤➑✔➑✎➔✧↔✔➓✒➙ ➛✪➔✠➜✧➔✛→✵↕✵➓✤➝ ↔✔➞❘➓✵➑✖➟✌↔✔➣✎➟✛→✣➓✣➝ ➒✌↔✔➣✦➠✤➑✎➒✛➡➢➣✴➔✠➔✬➝ ↔✔➞❘➔✤➟✠→✒➤❘➒✒➓✣➤✒➔✧➑ ’ ➣ ➝ ↔✣→✔➒✛➡✮➐✬➙ ➔✌➓✎➔✈➑♥➔✌➣✔↕✌➙ ➓✞➣ ➥ ➟✧➙ ➙✵➓✔➑✖➟✧↔✴➣✴➟✠→✔➓✤➝ ➒✌↔✔➣✦➓✣➤✧➝ ↔✤➦✦➓✣➤✒➔✒➛☛➟✌➑♥➔✪➔✌➜✌➔✌→✵↕✵➓✣➝ ↔✔➞❘➣✞➔✬➑✔➝ ➟✬➙ ➙ ➛❱➧✣➔✠➨✞➔❱↔❘➝ ➠❁➓✔➤✠➔✤➛❘➟✛➑✞➔✈➑✞↕✠↔✤↔✤➝ ↔✴➞ →✴➒✌↔✣→✤↕✤➑✣➑♥➔✧↔✔➓✠➙ ➛

➩➭➫✒➯✞➲✌➳➀➵

➸➺➵ ➻✞➼➾➽

–

➚✒➪✔➶✌➹✖➶✌➘✔➴✎➷✠➷✛➬✜➴✣➮✤➶✠➴✜➪✤➱✵✃✛➶✒➴✞➷✠➬✦➴✎❐✷❒❮➶✌➘✞➶✒➚✤➷✠✃❰➹✎➷✛➬✞❐✠➪✒➹✴Ï✣➷✠➬✒Ð✵➬✵➪✣Ï✒➮❘➶✠➬✜✃✛➶✒➴♥➶✧Ñ✤➶✠➬✞➷✰➹♥➷✌Ï✔❐✛➹✞✃✬➬✒Ð ➬✔➪✒➹✎Ò✒Ó Ò✞➷✈➮✒➶✛➹✎✃✬Ô✳➶✌➹✎➷❘➶✌➘✔✃✰➬✞❐✠Õ✣➴✴Ô✳➶✌➹✎➷✷Õ✴➶✛ÓtÖ ➪✒➹✎➷✛➬✵× Ø Ù❄Ú✒Û✰Ü♥Û✛Ý✣Þ✌ß à✴Ý✜á✒â✜ã❩ä✣á✛å✮æ✧ß Û✠à✎Û✛ç✰à✔Ü♥ã✧è✔Ý✎ã✠ä✵à✣é á✛è✸ã✌Ü♥Û✷æ✣Û✬Ü✴å✶ã✛è✴Û❱è✴à✶ã✧è✔çëê➭é➺ß ß✠è✴Û✛ì✞Û✧Ü❁í✒Û❰ß á✒Ý✴à

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SLIDE 4

4

✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✠✆✂✡☛✆✌☞✌✍✎✞✏✍✒✑✠✓✔☞☎✕✗✖✘✁✌✙✌✚✂✑✏✓✔✆✜✛✢✛

✣✤☞✟✥✦✍✦✆✝✧☛✖✘✁✌★✝✩✗✪✦✫✬✚✭✁✬☞✂✖ ☞✬✞✮✍☛✁✟✫✮✣✯✓✰✍✦✆✭✁✬☞ ✱✮✲✂✳✟✱✴✱✮✲✒✵✎✶✒✳✦✱✷✳✯✸✘✹✺✱✻✲✼✵✤✶✒✳✟✱✠✳✂✽☛✳✌✾✌✵✿✸❀✾✤❁✌✵✂❂✟✱❃✸✘✹❄✳

“

❅✻❆✒❇✏❇ ✵ ❅ ✱ ” ✾✻✱✏✳✟✱✮✵ ❈❊❉✢❋❀●✒❋■❍✬❏☎❑✌▲✭▼✬◆✂❉❀◆✬❖✮●☛▼✌❖✰◆✻❖✏❏✌❖✻●✒❋◗P

❘❚❙✝❯✌❱☎❲❨❳✴❯✼❩✢❩✒❲❨❬✟❱✏❭✦❪✼❫✬❲❨❱❵❴❜❛✬❝☛❬✬❳✻❱✟❫❞❯✒❲❨❬✟❱✷❳❄❯✂❫✷❭✤❡✦❢✒❩

❡✂❲❣❩✢❩❀❭☛❤❥✐

❦✂❧✝♠♦♥✭♣✼q✭rts✼✉❀♥✜✈

–

✇②①✷①✠③✠④⑥⑤✰⑦❵⑧✻⑨✏⑦⑩⑨t❶✠③❵①✷⑦❞❷✻④❸⑤✟❹❺❶❻⑨✻❼✮❶✠⑤✂❽ ①❾⑦❵⑧✌⑤✰⑦❵❹✠❿❨➀✟➁✏➂➃⑧✟⑤t➄✭⑤✮①❵⑦✏❿❀❼✠⑨✏⑦✏❿❨❷✷❼t❶✬❿ ⑦✗➅ ➆✏➇✟➈✮➉✟➊ ➋✤➌✟➍✴➎❻➍✌➏⑩➈✠➐✠➍✻➋❄➑✮➎❻➈✮➏➓➒❵➇✌➍☎➊✘➔ ➆✷➒❺➈✠➑♦→✮➔❀➒✏➔ ➍✻➆t➔ ➣t➇✂➔ ➆↔➒❞➎✠➔❨↕♦↕☛➊ ➙✮➣✌➛

–

➜ ➣↔➙✮➒➝➒➝➙✬→✠➇✟➍✬➋❃→➝➙✌➎❺➎❻➍✻➣✮➒➞➙☛➊✬➔❀➣✔➒❵➇✟➍✰➋✭➍✮➆✷➒✏➔ ➣✠➙✻➒✏➔ ➈✏➣t→✻➔ ➒✗➟♦➆✮➇✌➈✻➉✟➊ ➋✤➌✌➍t➋✭➍✂➊ ➍✮➒❵➍✻➋✂➛

➠☛➡☎➢

➤✺➥✟➦✟➡✏➧☛➨❄➩❃➤✟➫✂➩✂➭✷➧☛➯➲➭✷➧✦➤✟➳✟➥✦➨✌➤✂➢➸➵❥➢■➺➸➢❨➡❵➻✿➵✝➧✭➡✏➼⑩➧☛➧☛➨❄➩✭➳✭➳✼➺➸➢❨➽✻➩✦➡✟➢✘➥✦➨✺➩✭➨✟➯ ➾✮➚✒➪❜➶✝➹✟➾✠➹✝➘☛➹✌➴✬➪✤➾✏➷✎➬✰➹✝➮✘➱✟➾✷➹✼➮✘➱❃✃✬➷✭➱✬➴✂➮❨➴✮➾✻➪☛➱✟✃✏❐✜❒

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ß②à❵á☛â✷ã②ä✠å

æ ç✠è❵ãêéìë❣í❵î✗â⑥é❊â✠ï➝ãðï➞ñ➞ï✠æòå ï✷ó✬å â✏ô ß②à❞á☛â✏ã➃ä✏å❀æ ç✷è✷ãõéìë✢í✠î✗â❸é➞â❵ï❞ã❥ï❻ñ❊ï✮æ✘å ï✏ó✬å â✠ô ö✟÷❵ø✂ù✷úðû✏ü ý þ✷ÿ✠ú✁✄✂✆☎✞✝✗ù✟❊ù✡✠❞ú☛✠✌☞✍✠✏ý✘ü ✠✏✎✬ü ù✒✑ ✓✕✔✗✖✙✘✚✘✏✛✢✜✞✣✥✤ ✦✞✧✙★✪✩✄✫✬✤ ✩✭✩✌✮✰✯✙✱✳✲✴★✵✤ ✶✡✛✍✯✙★✍✷ ✓✕✔✸✖✙✘✚✘✹✛✢✜✞✣ ✤ ✦✡✧✞★✁✩✄✫✬✤ ✩✍✩✰✮✰✯✺★✵✤ ✶✡✛✍✯✙★✍✷ ✖✻✔✽✼✾✯✙★☛✜✏✣✥✤ ✦✙✧✙★✪✩✄✫❀✿✍✘✴✩✰✯✡✲✌★✰✷ ✖✻✔✸✖✞✘✚✘✏✛❁✜✏✣✥✤ ✦✞✧✙★✪✩❁✫❂✤ ✩✭✩✵✮✰✯❃★✚✤ ✶✚✛✍✯✞★✭✷ ❄✻❅✙❆❈❇✚❉✙❊✪❋

✰❍✰■✌❏✁❑✙▲◆▼✞❖✴P❘◗

■✟◗ ■✭■✵❍✰▼✙❙✺❚✙❯

✰❑✡❖✭❖✁▼✞●✌❏❱❖✁▼✡■✵❍✏❲

❏ ❳✍❨✡❳✌❩❭❬✞❪❴❫ ❵✍❛✚❫ ❳✰❜✴❛✡❫ ❝✚❞✰❬✙❛

SLIDE 5

5

✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✌✠

✍✝✎✑✏✒✆✒✓✕✔✖☛ ✗✕✘✙✍✚✏✛✗✜✘✢✠ ✍✚✁✣✆✕✍☎✠✌✤✥✓✧✦★✏✛✗✟✄✩✗✧✘✩✎✕✘✥✍✩✗✟✪✬✫✭✆✟✠☞☛ ✘✮✄✥✠ ✯✢✏✛✍✰✆✕✫✥✍✣✗✛✄✱✍✚✏✛✗ ✲✕✳✴✲✛✵✥✶✭✷☎✸✺✹☎✻✼✹✥✽✾✷✭✿✛✲✜✷✚❀✝❁✕✻☎❂✣❁✢✵✚✷☎✸✺✹☎✻❃✸ ❂✧✵✥✹☎❄❆❅✡❇ ✲✒✷✣✲✒❈✑❁✕✻✒❈❊❉✛✲✒✽✥✹✒❀✩✲✜✷✚✿✟✲✑❀✩✲✕❂✥✶❋❇ ✷✧✸ ❂

■❍✥❏

❑✩❑✣▲✒▼✼❑✩◆✼❖✒▲✢❍✚P❘◗✒▼✒▲✕▼☎❑✱❙✭❑✣◆✒❍✝◗✥❚✛▲❱❯ ❲❨❳ ❩✝❬✭❭✚❪❫❩❵❴✢❪✩❛❝❜✭❞✢❳✌❡✌❳ ❩❣❢ ❲❨❳ ❩❫❬✱❴✢❪❫❛❤❜✭❞✒❳✐❡✺❳ ❩❝❢ ❥❧❦✚♠✴♥❝♦✭♣✝qr♦✚s✝t✣✉ ✈✥♣❘✇①q②t❝♦✚♥❤t ③❧④✰⑤✩⑥✣⑦✰⑧✚⑨✝⑧✥⑩❣❶✰⑥✥❷②⑧✥⑩❝❸✩❹✣❺ ⑥✭❻❆❺ ❻■❸❽❼✥❺✐❾ ⑧ ❿✕➀✣➁✴➂❝➃✚➄②➅r➃✚➆②➇✩➈ ➉✥➄✱➊✙➋✕➉✭➌■➌❽➈ ➇ ❿✕➀✣➁✴➂❝➃✚➄✝➅✝➃✣➆❫➇✩➈ ➉✥➄➎➍①➅❫➇❝➃✚➂❤➇ ➏✢➐☎➑✖➒ ➓✣➔➎→✝➣✕➒✐↔ ➓ ➏✢➐✣↕✴➙❝➣✚➛✝➓✝➣✣➜❫➝✩➒ ➞✥➛✱➟✾➜②➞✚➠✂➠✰➒ ➝ ➡➤➢②➥r➦☎➧➩➨✕➫ ➧❝➦✚➨✩➭✥➯✰➲✣➳✣➵✂➵❫➸✣➦

“

➥②➢✩➺❫➺✝➦✚➥②➥ ” ➻✟➼☎➽✖➾ ➚✣➪➎➶✝➹✕➾✐➘ ➚ ➴✂➷✚➬✝➬✝➮❫➱✣➷✥✃ ❐✛❒✣❮✩❰✚Ï☎❮✣Ð➎Ñ②❰✚Ï❆ÑrÒ❤Ó✣Ô✝Õ✝Ó✣❮❫Ñ✩Ö ×✥Ô❆Ø ×✩Ù Ú➤Û✕Ü✭Ý②Þ☎ß à✰á Ý❽â✝ã✚à✖ä✚Ü✥à❽á â➎à✝å✚Üçæ✥è✣à❝è☎é✣è②Ý②Ü✥ê ë✛ì✣í✒î☎ïrð✣ñrî✕ò➩ó✩ò❝ð✚ô❵õ❋ö ÷✭ø★ó②ù✥öûú ü✣ò❣î ý✟þ✩ÿ✁✄✂✆☎✄✝✟✞ ✠☛✡✥þ ☞✍✌✏✎ ✑ ✂ ✑ ✄✂ ✌ ✂✓✒✕✔✆✞ ✑✖✑ ✠✘✗✆✙ ✑ ✙✛✚✄✙✕✒✕✂ ✜✣✢☛✤✦✥★✧✄✩✫✪✫✧☛✬✮✭✏✯ ✰✛✩✖✪✮✱✏✬✮✬✕✲✄✲✓✳✆✪✏✢

Client + BookTrip(): boolean BookingSystem

+ CheckFlights() + CheckRooms() + BookFlight() + BookRoom()

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SLIDE 6

6

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public boolean BookTrip(){

UserTransaction transaction = context.getUserTransaction(); try{ transaction.begin(); if(bookingSystem.CheckFlight()) bookingSystem.BookFlight(); if(bookingSystem.CheckRoom()) bookingSystem.BookRoom(); transaction.end(); } catch(Exception ex){ try{ transaction.rollback(); }catch(SystemException s){ throw new Exception(‘Rollback failed’); } return true; }

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✞✠✟☛✡✌☞✎✍✑✏✓✒✔☞✖✕✘✗✓✏✚✙✛✡✜✙✛✟✓✢✛☞✖✒✤✣✥✟✧✦★✙✛✟✓✏✩✍✫✪✓✏✓✒✭✬✧✟✓✍✮✬✧✯✓✏✰☞✱✣✥✟✓✍✲✣✧✳✔✏✑✙✛✟☛✗✰✴✧✡✵✬✓✏✑✙✶✡✵✬✧✏✤✬ ✷✹✸☛✺✼✻✵✽✤✾✶✿✑❀✠❁✧✸❂✻✛✸✰✾☛❃✚❄✥❃✔✿✮✾✠✺❆❅ ❇ ❈❊❉✘❋❍●✠■✭❏✛❑✓❋✧▲✑▲✛▼✹◆✓❖✶❏✧P✲◗✑❉✵❏✓▲✓❋✶◗✰■❙❘✥◆✔▲✮❘✥❑✔◗✧▼✱❏✧◆✓▲✲❘✠■✤❋☛◗✔❉✘❚✑▲❂❯✌▼ ▲✔◗✓■✔▼❲❱✵❚✔◗✮❋✛❯ ❳✥❨✼❩✛❬✓❭✜❪✱❬✰❫✑❩✘❴ ❫✔❵✛❛❝❜✚❞✛❜✔❡✮❵✠❨❢❜✥❣ ❤ ✐✥❥✭❦✛❧✔♠✧♥✑♥✠♦✹♣✔q✶rts✫✉❲♦✎q✠✈✫✇❂❥✩♠✧♥✔♠✵❥✤①✩r✧✇✰♦✹❦✧♣☛②③♦✱✇✑✈⑤④★⑥✵✉ ✇✰♦⑧⑦✘✉✎♠⑨✉ r✓q✥♥⑩♥✓♠✵❥✭①✛♦✹❧✔♠✛❶❸❷✧❹ ❺❼❻✎❽✓❽✓❾✵❿✤❾✛➀✰➁➃➂✵❻✖❿✰➄❲❻✱➀✧❾✧➅❍❻✎➅❆➂✧➀☛❾✥➆✘➂✛➇★➈✘➄✎❾✶➉✧❽✲➂t❺❼❻✎➅✑➁✰❿✔❻✖➊✘➋✑➁✑❾✛❺➌➁✓❿➍➂✧➀✓➅✑➂✧➎✔➁✧❻✎➉✛➀✛➏ ➐ ➑➓➒→➔↔➣✎↕❍↕✧➙✰➛✧➒➝➜✚➞✛➜✮➟✑↕✠➠➡↕✛➢✓➜✔➤✛➥✩↕✧➜✲➦➧➤✥➥✭➙✠➨→➔➩➣❲➔✱➟✭➞➝➫✰➭❝➔✎➟✚➜⑩➜✰➒✠➙✠➥✤↕❍➫✰➭❂➟✑➒✫↕ ➟✔➥➍➙✥➢✔➜✑➙✥➛✔➟✧➔✱➫✧➢❍➯✥➥✤➫✥➛✓↕✧➜✑➜✠➔✱➢✓➲➵➳✧➟✑➒✫↕✶➙✓➟✮➫✛➠❂➔✹➛✠➔✎➟✤➞❍➫✥➭✲➟✑➒✵↕✶↕✛➢✰➟✥➔✖➥✤↕✶➫✛➯✧↕✵➥✭➙✓➟✥➔✎➫✥➢ ➢✰↕✛↕✛➦✵➜✲➟✩➫❝➨✫↕➝↕✛➢✔➜✰➤✛➥✤↕✛➦❝➙✓➜❂➸➺↕➧➣➻➣⑧➼ ➽ ➾❊➒✫➙✓➟☛➔✱➜✲➦✘➫✧➢✧↕❍➟✮➒➧➥✭➫✛➤✔➲✠➒❝➟✮➒✵↕ ➚✚➪➹➶➧➘✠➴✥➷✫➬✠➮✮➱❐✃✰➶✛❒⑩❒✲❮✱➚❰➴✧Ï✩➶✰➚✑➶✰✃✰➶✫ÐÒÑ

SLIDE 7

7

12/1/02

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Transaction Manager

Resource Manager

Prepare Prepared Commit Done

Transaction Manager

Resource Manager

Prepare No Abort Done

Successful transaction Failed transaction

The above entities are involved in the 2PC transaction model (X/Open). The transaction manager processes Start, Commit and Abort. It talks to resource managers and other transaction managers to run two-phase commit

Application program Resource Manager

Transaction Manager

SLIDE 8

8

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☎✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎✒✑✔✓✒✞✍✕✖✕✡✗ ✘✙✠☞✚✛✞✏✘✜✞✍✓✢✞✤✣☞✗ ✎✥✗✧✦★✗ ✘✏✗ ✌✩✘✜✑☞✪✬✫✏✭✮✌✯✎✰✠✍✑☞✓☞✗ ✌✤✣✩✕✖✞✩✪✲✱✲✣ ✑✤✳✩✓✜✌✴✣✵✣ ✑✍✪ ✶✢✷✛✸★✹✰✺✢✸✍✻✏✶✏✼ ✽✍✹✿✾❀✸★✹✏✸✍❁✍❂★✷✲❃ ❄ ❅❇❆✒❈✥❉✰❊☞❋✛●✏❍✧■☞❍✧❉✰❊✩●✏❍ ❆✰❏✥❑▲❊✍●▼❊✲◆✩❊✏❖✒P◗❖✛❈✩❖✰●✛P★❘❙■✜❊✍❆❚❊▲■✢●❀❊✏❖❯●✢❱▲P◗●✢❋▼❊✍❆✏❖✛❊☞■✒●✏❍ ❲✏❆ ❳❩❨✏❬✰❨✩❭✍❪★❫✒❴ ❵ ❛✩❜✡❝✮❞❢❡▼❣☞❤✲✐❦❥✛❝✴❧❦♠♦♥✛❣✍♥✒❡✜♣▲qr❡✢s▲♣◗❡✛t✟✉✯❤✍s✍❝✏♥✏♣✥❥✒✉✍q✖q✡✐ ❡❚s✍❝✏♥✡❡✈t✟✉✡✇①✐ ♥✢❡✏✐✧❜✍❥✢❡ ②☞③✛④✍⑤✢⑥✩⑦✢⑦✒⑥✍⑦❯⑧✢⑨✩⑩✍⑧❀⑩✍③✛⑥✯⑩▲⑤✰⑤✒④✍❶✖②✲❷❹❸ ⑦✰⑨▲⑥▲❺✬❸✧❻❼❷ ⑥✍⑦✢⑦❚⑧✢⑨✩⑩✍❻✡⑩✯❽✍③▼⑩✍⑤✒⑧✰❸❦④✰❻◗④✰❽❚⑩✯⑦✒⑥★⑤✒④✏❻✩❺❿❾ ➀➂➁▲➃✈➃✜➄✲➅❦➆✰➆ ➇➈➇➉➇➋➊ ➌✏➍✤➎❹➊✧➏✰➐✖➑✍➊ ➍☞➒✴➑✢➆✰➌✢➃✒➓✈➆✰➒✤➍✩➌✩➏✒➓✏➎✧➄✩➃✏➎ ➔✏→✏➌✢➆✏➒✲➃✜➄☞➏✍➊ ➁☞➃✢➐✮➣ ↔ ↕ ➙❩➛☞➜➞➝✍➟✛➜✲➠✩➡▲➟✛➜➞➝★➛✍➡▲➢✜➜ ➤✏➥➈➦★➧▲➨✛➧◗➩✢➦★➧✮➫➯➭ ➲▲➳✩➵✴➭✩➸✰➲✰➲✍➨✛➺①➻✧➼✢➵✍➩✜➲✩➨✙➽➾➻ ➼✲➻ ➩✰➻ ➵✍➩✏➻ ➼✏➫ ➚▲➪✩➶➹➪▲➘✍➪✩➴✒➷▲➬➉➮✛➷✍➱✍✃✰➷✩➴✒➶✈➴❚➶✢❐✩➪✍➶❀➪✴❒✵❒✏❮✢➪▲➮✈➶✏❰❹Ï✩❰❦❮✰➪✏Ð✩➶✈➴✯ÑÒ➚①❰ ➴✢➶✒➮✰❰❹➘✲✃✒➶✜➷☞➚❼➚☞➪✩➶➹➪★➘✍➪✏➴✰➷✩➴✰➬ÔÓ❩❰Õ❒✵❒ Ö☞×✛Ø✍Ù❚Ú Û✒Ü◗Ý✜Ø◗Þ✰Ø✏Ù✙Ù✡Ú Ý✙Ø✩×✙×✛Ø✤ß✵ß✧à✩á▲Þ✩â❚Ý✢ã★Ü◗Ý✢×▼á✩ä✏Û✛á▲Þ✢Ý✏Ú✧Ø✰ä★å✯æ❯Ø✰Ý✜Ü✤ç★è➋ä✜é✔ê▲á✏Ý➹á✲à✍á✰Û✰Ü ë✒ì✩í✲î ï✔ð✒ñ▲ò➹ó✏ñ✯ô✰ð❯õ✢ö★ñ✮÷➯î ì▲ø✩ô➯î✏ë✒ì✏ì✍ò✛ï①ù ú✒ô✍õ✜ì✍ò✏û✏ï✤ñ✍ü✍ñ✍ú✍ï①ù ú✏÷✥ì✏ú✮õ✜ö★ñ◗õ✢ò▼ô✏ú✏ð✜ô☞ë✢õ✏ù❦ì✰ú▲ý þ➯ÿ ✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞☎✠✡✠☞☛ ✌✎✍✏✁☎✑☎✒✓✄ ✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✚✛✜✙✣✢✟✤✥✤✖✦✧✢★✛✪✩✖✫✭✬★✫✮✦✧✢★✯✧✩✪✰✣✛✜✙✱✰✲✦★✳✖✯★✴✵✩✶✳☞✩✓✗✏✙ ✷✲✸✖✸★✹✜✺✼✻ ✽✲✾★✿✜✸★✹✡✿✓❀★✾✱✿❁✿✓❀✚❂✖❃✣✾✚✹✜❂❅❄☎✹✜❂☎❄✧✾✚✹✜❂☎✺❇❆✲✿✲❀☎❂☎✽✣✿✓❀✏❂❈✷✧✸✧✸★✹✜✺✼✻✮✽✓✾★✿✶✸✱✹✂✾✱❉★❊✶❉❋✾❍●✥● ■★❏✧❑▼▲✱◆P❖✶❏❅◗✓❏★❘❋❘P❙✮❖❁❖✶❚✏▲❅❖✓❯❲❱✖■✖◆✶❱✚◗✶❖✖❙❳❏✖■☎❨✱❩✱❬❭❱❍❪✥❪✖❫✧❱☎❯✪❖✖❙❳◗★❙✮❫✧❱★■✖❖✪◆☞◗✶❱✱■✖■★❏✖❖❁❫☎❯✜▲✚❫✓❱✚❯✜▲ ❏★❯✡❖✶❚✏▲✚❯✜▲❴❙ ◆❋❱✣◆✜❵✱◆✧❖✜▲✏❘❛◗✧❏★❘✡❫★❏✧■★▲✱■✱❖❁❬✶❱▼❙❜❪ ❝✱❯✜▲❍❞✖❖✶❚✏▲❡◗✧❏✖❏★❯✜❑✼❙ ■✲❱✱❖✓❏✖❯✂❱✱◆☎❢✶◆❁❱✟❪✥❪ ❑✚❱✱❖❣❱✚❤★❱✱◆✲▲✱◆P❖✶❏✐❯✶❏❥❪✥❪☎❤★❱★◗☎❢❭❖✓❚✚▲❅❖✓❯❲❱★■✲◆✓❱☎◗✓❖✧❙❳❏✖■✚❨

http://www.vermicelli.pasta.cs.uit.no/ipv6/students/andrer/doc/html/node18.html

SLIDE 9

9

Update X Commit Update Y System Fails …. System Recovers The system lost the update to Y when it can’t commit the transaction after recovery.

New York System

London System

Update X Write X Commit

Update Y Write Y System fails … System Recovers

New York System London System

Since the system saved the update to disk before failing, it can commit the transaction after it recovers.

a. Without two phased commit, the

failure caused the update to Y to be lost.

b. With two-phase commit, the London system

durably saved the update to Y, so it can commit after it recovers.

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✟✡✠☞☛✌☛✌✍✏✎✒✑✔✓✖✕✗✕✏✘✙✑✚✑✌✛✌✜✢✍✒✣✤✕✥✘✙✑✚✕✏✦✧✓✌✛★✎✥✓✪✩✥✕✒✫✬✍✒✛✙✭✒✮✯✑✰✛✖✑✌✑✪✜✱✕✥✍✚✠☞☛✌✜✲✓✌✕✥✑✚✕✏✘✲✑ ✳✵✴✖✳✏✶✏✷✲✸✹✳✻✺ ✼✱✽✪✾✒✶✥✿✢❀❁✷✖❂❄❃❅✾✌❆☞❇✗❈✌✼✒❉❋❊✲✾✒✼✌❉●✾★✼❍❂■✺ ✶✏✿✻✶✥✿✙✷✻❆✵✷✖✳✖❏✪❑ ✶▲✳✖▼

Transaction Manager

Resource Manager in New York Resource Manager in London

Transaction Manager

Resource Manager in New York Resource Manager in London

1. prepare
2. prepared
1. prepare
2. prepared
3. commit
3. commit
4. ok
4. ok

phase one phase two

SLIDE 10

10

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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SLIDE 11

11

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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SLIDE 12

12

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✒☛✒
✓

✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✜✛✣✢✤✙✦✥✧✕✜★✪✩✦✛✫✢✣✬✭✗✯✮✰★✪✥✣✬✲✱✴✳✵✢✧✕✴✢✧✳✜✶✦✶✘✩✷✗✯✕✴✕✵✸✭✬✜✢✣✬✭✹ ✺ ✻✽✼✿✾✰❀✜❁❃❂❅❄✦❆✧❄❇❂✧✼✘❈✚✻✜❉✣❊✵✻✘❋✣✼✜●❅✾✦❉✫✻✦❉✘❍■❋✧✻✜❉✜❉✣✾✜✼❑❏▲✻✘❆✧❄▼✻◆❋✘❏❖●P❂❅❍ ✼✣❈✚✻✜❉✣❊✵✻✜❋✣✼✘●✪✾✦❉

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❘

❙✖❚✘❯✚❱✜❲✣❳✤❱✦❨✧❚✜❩✪❬✦❲✫❳✣❭✭❯✯❪✰❩✪❨✣❭❫❲✘❭✰❭✰❴■❲✘❬✜❚▼❩❛❵✴❜❞❝❅❭▲❵❡❭✰❲✘❚✧❢ ❘ ❣▲❤✯✐✦❥✦❦♠❧♦♥▼♣✣✐✷❤rq✽♣✭❦✪s✘♥✭❤✉t✷❤✯q✦s✘✈✭✇ q▲❤✣❦❅①✯②❫✐✘♣③❤④♥✰⑤✧✐✦❥✧♥✭❤⑥② ⑦ ①✣❤✚q✜s✣⑧✵q✜⑤✣①✘❦✪✐✦s✽♣✵q✰⑨✫❦⑩✇ ② ❶ ❷❃❸✵❹✚❺✿❻✿❼✿❽✵❾❃❿▲➀➂➁ ➃❞❽④➄✣➀♠➅✭➁✪➀ ❻✤➆✰❽④❸✿❻✵❾④❺✵➄✯❼➈➇✵❹✤❽✿➃✦❺✿➄✤❾✯❺✧❻✿➃✣❸✵❻❃❼

SLIDE 13

13 Flat Transaction Begin Trans. Crash Flat Transaction Abort Begin Trans.

Commit

Begin Trans. Flat Transaction

Commit Begin Trans. Main Transaction Child Transaction Begin Trans. Commit Child Transaction Begin Trans. Commit Child Transaction Begin Trans. Commit

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SLIDE 14

14

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✌✞✎✍✑✏✒✏✔✓✖✕✔✗✘✆✙✠☞✓✛✚✜✏✔✓✖✞✡✠✛☛✢✏☞✄✖✣✖✍✥✤✌✦★✧✪✩✫✄☞✬✭✄✝✆✮✏✯✞✰✍✱✆✙✏☞✄☞✲ ✳ ✴✰✵✛✶✸✷✝✹✺✶✛✻✽✼✾✼☎✿✽❀❁❀✙✹✛❂☎✹✑❀✟❃❁❄❅✿✢✵✢❃✖❆☞✹✛✴✝❇❈❂✝❇❉✴❁❄☎❀✟✵☞✶☎❃❊✵☞✴☎❄✖❇❈✿✛✶ ❋

✰❍✛■✸❏✝❑▼▲❉◆✡❖✪P◗▲❈●✽▲❈❘☞P

❙✸❚✑❯✜❑✛❱❲❖✪P◗▲❈●✽▲❈❘☞P ❙❳❘✎❯❨❍☞■☎❩✖◆❬▲❭❘❊❘❊❑✔❪❫❘✮❚✒❘☎❯❨❍✛■✎❩✰❍✖●☎❘✖▲❴❚☞■☎❍✪P ❵✝❛✖❜✮❝✔❞✰❡❅❢ ❣ ❤✪✐✾✐ ❵✛❥❧❦✝♠✙❵☎♥✑♠ ❤✛♦✡♦ ❝✑♠♣❡❅❵✸❦ ❤ ❢✰❢ ❤ ❢ ❤✛q ❝✛r✱❦ ✐◗s ❞ s ❡❁❦ ❤ ♠ ❤✔♦ ❝✛❡✰❝✑♠t❵✛✉ ❤ ✈✙✇✛①✛②✖✇☞③✎④

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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Object Request Broker (ORB)

Object Transaction Service

Transaction context

Transactional client

1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7

Transactional

bject

recoverable

bject

resource Sub- Transaction resource

Transation server Recoverable server

SLIDE 15

15

12/1/02

Client

Resource Server Resource register_resource() register_rescource() Current

Coordinator

12/1/02

Client

Resource Server Resource commit() commit() Current

Coordinator

commit() prepare() prepare()

SLIDE 16

16

12/1/02

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Current Interface
TransactionFactory Interface
Control Interface
Terminal Interface
Coordinator Interface
Recovery Coordinator Interface
Resource Interface
Synchronization Interface
Subtransaction Aware Resource Interface
TransactionalObject Interface

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Resource

+ prepare() + rollback() + commit() + commit_one_phase() + forget() <<Interface>> TransactionFactory + create() <<Interface>> Current + begin() + commit() + rollback() + rollback_only() + get_control() + get_status() <<Interface>> Terminator + commit() + rollback() <<Interface>> Control + get_terminator() + get_coordinator() <<Interface>> Coordinator + register_resource() + get_status() <<Interface>>

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interface Current: CORBA:: Current

{ void begin () raises (SubstransactionsUnavailable); void commit (in boolean report_heuristics) raises (Notransaction, HeuristicMixed, HeuristicsHazard); void rollback() raises (NoTransaction); void rollback_only() raises (NoTransactoin); Status get_status(); string get_transaction_name(); void set_timeout (in unsigned long seconds); Control get_control(); Control suspend(); void resume (in Control which) raises (InvalidControl); };

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interface Control

{ Terminator get_terminator() raises (Unavailable); Coordinator get_coordinator() raises (Unavailable); };

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interface Coordinator

{ Status get_status(); Status get_parent_status(); Status get_top_level_status(); boolean is_same_transaction (in Coordinator tc); boolean is_related_transaction (in Coordinator tc); boolean is_ancestor_transaction (in Coordinator tc); boolean is_descendant_transaction (in Coordinator tc); boolean is_top_level_transaction(); unsigned long hash_transaction(); unsigned long hash_top_level_tran(); RecoveryCoordinator register_resource (in Resource r) raises (Inactive); void register_synchronization (in Synchronization sync) raises (Inactive, SynchronizationUnavailable); };

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interface Terminator

{ void commit (in boolean report_heuristics) raises (HeuristicMixed, HeuristicHazard); void rollback (); };

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interface Resource

{ Vote prepare() raises (HeuristicMixed, HeuristicHazard); void rollback() raises (HeuristicCommit, HeuristicMixed, HeuristicHazard); void commit() raises (NotPrepared, HeuristicRollback, HeuristicMixed, HeuristicHazard); void commit_one_phase() raises (HeuristicHazard); void forget(); }; 12/1/02

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//IDL sample

interface Stock: CosTransactions::TransactionalObject { exception RejectOrder { string Reason; } exception DBNotAvailable {}; attribute long inStock; readonly attribute string StockName; void Order ( in long amount ) raises (RejectOrder); void Query ( out long amount ) raises (DBNotAvailable); }; interface Store: CosTransactions::TransactionalObject { Stock GetStock (in long stock_id) raises (NoPart); void DeleteStock (in Stock p); }

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12/1/02

int main (…)

{ Stock_var pStock; try { //bind to the Stock object pStock = Stock::_bind (Server, host); } catch (CORBA::SystemExeption& ex) { cout << “Error Binding!” << &ex << endl; Encina::Client::Exit(1); } //rest of client code … return 0 }

12/1/02

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try {

CosTransactions::Current::begin(); Stock_var StockObj = pStore->GetStock(id); StockObj.Order(100); CosTransactions::Current::commit(); } catch (CORBA::TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK) { CosTransactions::Current::rollback(); cout << “TransactionRollback exception, transaction aborted” << endl; commit = FALSE; } catch (CORBA::UserException& ex) { CosTransactions::Current::rollback(); commit = FALSE; cout << “TransactionRollback by ” << ex << endl; } catch (…) { CoTransaction::Current::rollback(); cout << “Unknown exception, transaction abortd” << endl; commit = FALSE }

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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