1. Unifying Art and Science Charles Darwin Subtitled his great work - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1. Unifying Art and Science Charles Darwin Subtitled his great work - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1. Unifying Art and Science Charles Darwin Subtitled his great work Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life So why are we artists? I found an answer in an accidental discovery James Clerk Maxwell A Dynamical Theory of the

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  • 1. Unifying Art and Science
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Charles Darwin

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Subtitled his great work Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life

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So why are we artists?

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I found an answer in an accidental discovery

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James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” 1864

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1864

“The theory I propose may therefore be called a theory of the Electromagnetic Field because it has to do with the space in the neighborhood of the electric or magnetic bodies…”

James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”

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”…I am induced by many reasons to suspect that they may all depend upon certain forces by which the particles

  • f bodies, by some causes hitherto

unknown, are either mutually impelled towards each other, and cohere in regular figures, or are repelled and recede from each other…” Isaac Newton 1686

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Maxwell’s Equations Manet’s Luncheon on the Grass 1864 1863

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A unique confluence of revolutionary inventions

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Arthur Cayley Matrices

1858

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species

1859

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland

1865

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1863

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1865

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1864/65

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the Atmosphere" James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1863

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the Atmosphere" Leo Tolstoy War and Peace James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1865

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the Atmosphere" Leo Tolstoy War and Peace James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” Karl Marx Das Kapital Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1865-66

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the Atmosphere" Leo Tolstoy War and Peace James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” Karl Marx Das Kapital Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Gregor Mendel “Experiments on Plant Hybridization” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1866

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the Atmosphere" Leo Tolstoy War and Peace James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” Karl Marx Das Kapital Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Gregor Mendel “Experiments on Plant Hybridization” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1858-1866

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All derived from a singular idea”

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1858-1866 Environments

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Arthur Cayley Matrices Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Louis Pasteur "Corpuscles in the Atmosphere" Leo Tolstoy War and Peace James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” Karl Marx Das Kapital Auguste Rodin “Man with a Broken Nose” Gregor Mendel “Experiments on Plant Hybridization” Edouard Manet "Luncheon on the Grass"

1858-1866 Environments

James Clerk Maxwell “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”

1858-1866

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Knowing what to look for I found other confluences of invention

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Objects 1498

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper

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Objects 1506

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral

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Objects 1509

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System

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Objects 1499

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System Michelangelo Pieta

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Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System Martin Luther “95 Theses” Michelangelo Pieta

Objects 1517

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Machiavelli The Prince Martin Luther “95 Theses”

Objects 1513

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System Michelangelo Pieta

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Machiavelli The Prince Moore Utopia

Objects 1516

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System Martin Luther “95 Theses” Michelangelo Pieta

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Machiavelli The Prince Moore Utopia Erasmus In Praise of Folly

Objects 1509

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System Martin Luther “95 Theses” Michelangelo Pieta

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Machiavelli The Prince Moore Utopia

Objects 1507

Albrecht Durer “Adam and Eve” Erasmus In Praise of Folly Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System Martin Luther “95 Theses” Michelangelo Pieta

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Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper Bramante

  • St. Peter’s

Cathedral Copernicus Heliocentric System Machiavelli The Prince Moore Utopia Martin Luther “95 Theses” Michelangelo ”Sistine Chapel"

Objects 1498-1520

Albrecht Durer “Adam and Eve” Erasmus In Praise of Folly

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Thales of Miletus Logos

Universals

  • c. 600BC
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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art Solon Constitution of Athens

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art Kouros Free Standing Sculpture Solon Constitution of Athens

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art Kouros Free Standing Sculpture Solon Constitution of Athens

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Theater Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art Free Standing Buildings Doric Order Kouros Free Standing Sculpture Solon Constitution of Athens

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Theater Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art Free Standing Buildings Doric Order Aesop’s Fables Kouros Free Standing Sculpture Solon Constitution of Athens

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Theater Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art Free Standing Buildings Doric Order Aesop’s Fables Kouros Free Standing Sculpture Black Figure Vases Solon Constitution of Athens

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Theater Thales of Miletus Logos

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Thales of Miletus Geometric Proof Kouros Archaic Art Free Standing Buildings Doric Order Aesop’s Fables Kouros Free Standing Sculpture Black Figure Vases Polis Solon Constitution of Athens

Universals

  • c. 600BC

Theater Thales of Miletus Logos

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Cave Art

Symbols

  • c. 50,000
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Cave Art Venus Figures

Symbols

  • c. 50,000
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Cave Art Venus Figures

Symbols

  • c. 50,000

Language and Storytelling

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Cave Art Venus Figures

Symbols

  • c. 50,000

Language and Storytelling Fashioned tools

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Cave Art Venus Figures Decorated bodies

Symbols

  • c. 50,000

Language and Storytelling Fashioned tools

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Cave Art Venus Figures Decorated bodies

Symbols

  • c. 50,000

Music Language and Storytelling Fashioned tools

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Cave Art Venus Figures Dance Decorated bodies

Symbols

  • c. 50,000

Music Language and Storytelling Fashioned tools

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Cave Art Venus Figures Dance Decorated bodies Tribal Life

Symbols

  • c. 50,000

Music Language and Storytelling Fashioned tools

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Cave Art Venus Figures Language and Storytelling Dance Decorated bodies Tribal Life “Magic”

Symbols

  • c. 50,000

Music Fashioned tools

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Each marked the beginning of a great period of knowledge…

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Based on that singular idea

The Pattern of Knowledge

Periods Sites Fasteners

Symbols Universals Objects Environments

Singular Parts Connections Relations Transformations Wholes Connections Relations Transformations Plural Parts Connections Relations Transformations Wholes Connections Relations Transformations

12 Phases

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I could divide each in two distinct halves

  • Singular
  • Plural

The Pattern of Knowledge

Periods Semi-Periods Fasteners

Symbols Universals Objects Environments

Singular

Parts Connections Relations Transformations Wholes Connections Relations Transformations

Plural

Parts Connections Relations Transformations Wholes Connections Relations Transformations

12 Phases

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And each half again in half into

  • Parts
  • Wholes)

The Pattern of Knowledge

Periods

Symbols Universals Objects Environments

Singular Parts

Connections Relations Transformations

Wholes

Connections Relations Transformations

Plural Parts

Connections Relations Transformations

Wholes

Connections Relations Transformations

12 Phases

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And each of those into three parts

  • Connections
  • Relations
  • Transformations

The Pattern of Knowledge

Entities Sites Fasteners

Symbols Universals Objects Environments

Singular Parts

Connections Relations Transformations

Wholes

Connections Relations Transformations

Plural Parts

Connections Relations Transformations

Wholes

Connections Relations Transformations

12 Phases

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12 “phases” in Symbols

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Universals

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Objects

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Environments

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Symbols went through these phases many times.

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Universals phases repeated in Medieval Europe

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I call this the “Pattern of Knowledge”

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While I focused on “Western knowledge,” I believe this pattern of the evolution of knowledge is independent of culture.

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The Pattern lets us explore interesting connections between art and science.

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Plural Environments Parts Relations

Einstein, “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

1905 1907

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Plural Universals Parts Connections

Democritus, Atomic Theory Parthenon

  • c. 430

437

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Plural Objects Wholes Relations

Delacroix, The Fanatics of Tangier Faraday, Lines of Force

  • c. 1840

1838

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Plural Environments Wholes Relations

Feynman, Feynman Diagrams Jackson Pollack, No. 5, 1948

1948 1948

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Singular Objects Wholes Relations

Kepler, The New Astronomy Caravaggio, The Calling of St. Matthew

1609 1600

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Finding fascinating connections

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Parts Transformations

Plato

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Parts Transformations

Plato Dante

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Parts Transformations

Plato Dante Kant

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Parts Transformations

Plato Dante Kant Einstein

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You may be wondering …

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Since we seem to have ended the environments periods…

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  • 2. What’s next?
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Symbols as the simplest building block Universals Objects Environments ?

I pictured… I thought of…

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Symbols as the simplest Universals as collections of symbols Objects Environments ?

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Symbols as the simplest Universals as collections of symbols Objects as collections of universals Environments ?

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Symbols as the simplest Universals as collections of symbols Objects as collections of universals Environments as collections of objects ?

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I pictured… What is a collection of environments?

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I pictured… I turned back to the 19th century

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I pictured… And wondered how …

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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation Maxwell’s Electrodynamics

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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation Maxwell’s Electrodynamics

Could coexist?

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Knowledge has to be a human construction

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Invented, not discovered

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Symbols as the simplest Universals as collections of symbols Objects as collections of universals Environments as collections of objects A collection of environments is an artifact

Then…

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Symbols as the simplest Universals as collections of symbols Objects as collections of universals Environments as collections of objects A collection of environments is an artifact

Gehry, Stata Center MIT 2004

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What is an artifact?

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A human construction

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A pattern

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For thought as well as for things

Library of Alexandria, Von Corven, c. 19th century

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This is an artifact

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And this…

Frederic Church, The Heart of the Andes, 1859

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Or this

Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872

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Or this

Kandinsky, Landscape with Two Poplars, 1912

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They are all human constructions.

LEGOLAND Billund, Denmark

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They are all patterns.

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  • 3. Is there a deeper connection?
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We make patterns constantly…

Feynman doodles

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Move our furniture

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Cover our walls…

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Mold our ceilings

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In everything we do. Carve our columns

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Inside and Outside Plant our Gardens

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“Mathematics has become the science of patterns”

Lynn Steen 1988

Do mathematics

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Play sports

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Study science

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Tell stories

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Create art

  • M. C. Escher, Circle Limit III, 1959
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Describe history

Compte, Theory of Science c. 1848

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Plan cities

L’Enfant Map of Washington, DC

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Play music

Bach, Fugue

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Everywhere

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All the time

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So how do we decide which ones we should keep…

Leonardo’s Sketchbook

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And share?

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I would argue that those are…

Cassiopeia

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Unique

M31, the Galaxy beyond Andromeda

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We know uniqueness

The Standard Model

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Because it is beautiful

Garrett Lisi, A Theory of Everything

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…I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than

  • rdinary…

Isaac Newton

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When I am working

  • n a problem I never

think about beauty. I

  • nly think about how

to solve the problem. But when I have finished, if the solution is not beautiful, I know it is wrong.

Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983) Fuller dome

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It seems that if one is working from the point of view of getting beauty in

  • ne's equations, and

if one has really a sound insight, one is

  • n a sure line of

progress. Paul Dirac 1963

Paul Dirac 1963

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We are artists because…

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From art we learn beauty…

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To make the unique patterns we use and share.

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Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object of which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law

  • f gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most

beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.

Charles Darwin 1859