ADVANTAGEOUS DISADVANTAGES HOW UNDESIRABLE THINGS CAN TURN INTO GOOD - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ADVANTAGEOUS DISADVANTAGES HOW UNDESIRABLE THINGS CAN TURN INTO GOOD - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 08, 2023 165 likes •361 views

ADVANTAGEOUS DISADVANTAGES HOW UNDESIRABLE THINGS CAN TURN INTO GOOD THINGS EDUCATION: DESIRABLE DIFFICULTY MAKING THINGS HARD ON YOURSELF BUSINESS: ADVANTAGEOUS DISADVANTAGES TURNING DISADVANTAGES INTO STRENGTHS WORLD: HAPPY ACCIDENTS UNDESIRED

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ADVANTAGEOUS DISADVANTAGES

HOW UNDESIRABLE THINGS CAN TURN INTO GOOD THINGS

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EDUCATION: DESIRABLE DIFFICULTY

MAKING THINGS HARD ON YOURSELF

WORLD: HAPPY ACCIDENTS

UNDESIRED INCIDENTS CAN PRODUCE SURPRISING RESULTS

PSYCHOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE

WANT WHAT YOU CAN’T HAVE

BUSINESS: ADVANTAGEOUS DISADVANTAGES

TURNING DISADVANTAGES INTO STRENGTHS

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DESIRABLE DIFFICULTY

  • Elizabeth Ligon Bjork and Robert A. Bjork

from University of California, Los Angeles

  • Professors of Psychology
  • Learning vs Performance
  • Psychology and the real world: Making things

hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning (2011)

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  • Varying conditions of practice
  • Spacing study or practice sessions
  • Interleaving instead of Blocking
  • Generation Effects and Using Tests

4 DESIRABLE DIFFICULTIES

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  • Find a quiet, convenient place and do all your studying there
  • No! Vary the conditions (e.g. study same material in two different rooms)
  • Study: Specific and varied practice of a motor skill. (Kerr & Booth, 1978)
  • 1. VARYING THE CONDITIONS OF PRACTICE
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  • 2. SPACING STUDY OR PRACTICE SESSIONS
  • Massing practice (e.g. cramming for exams) for short-term performance
  • Spacing practice (e.g. distributing presentations, study attempts, or training trials)

for long-term retention

  • One of the most general and robust effects from research on learning

and memory

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  • 3. INTERLEAVING VS BLOCKING
  • ..
  • Interleaving separate topics/tasks introduces spacing
  • Study: Learning concepts and categories: Is spacing the “enemy of

induction” (Kornell & Bjork, 2008)

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  • Generate an answer or solution instead of being presented one
  • Rereading is ineffective
  • Problem: Testing seen as assessment at the end, instead of part of learning
  • 4. GENERATION EFFECTS AND USING TESTS

(RATHER THAN PRESENTATIONS) AS LEARNING EVENTS

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DESIRABLE DIFFICULTY

OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM

Appreciate your challenges: No pain, no gain.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89xUz9fZBXA

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Nothing worth having comes easy.

  • Bob Kelso
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ADVANTAGEOUS DISADVANTAGES

TURNING DISADVANTAGES INTO STRENGTHS

Steven J. Cannell: Dyslexia Ted Turner: Bipolar disorder Beethoven: Deaf

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I’ve never met a strong person with an easy past.

  • Unknown
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HAPPY ACCIDENTS

UNEXPECTED CONSTRAINT LEADS TO BETTER RESULT

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PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE

Reaction in response to regulations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDSU6q6eD34

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PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE OR: WANT WHAT YOU CAN’T HAVE

Upside Drives determination to achieve things Downside Overstepping moral code Study: “Who’s chasing whom?” Explanation

  • “Information-Gap Theory” by George Loewenstein
  • Dopamine

No-win game

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Desired Difficulty vs Technology Discussion?!