AGRA Support to Seed Security in Africa Security in Africa - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

AGRA Support to Seed Security in Africa Security in Africa

Augustine Langyintuo AGRA Nairobi AGRA-Nairobi

Presented at the FARNPAN Organized seed security

• Network. South Africa 20-21 May 2010

Introduction Introduction

• Low crop productivity in Africa over the years

9 10 6 7 8 T/ha) 3 4 5 Yield (MT 1 2 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Region Southern Africa Eastern Africa Western Africa Eastern Asia Western Europe Australia

Challenge - climate change: - 0.4% p.a., frequent drought

Percent change in agricultural production due to climate change (Cline 2007)

Challenge: Limited fertilizer use intensity

45 50

Total consumption 1.3 Mil tons

30 35 40

a

20 25 30

Kg/ha

5 10 15 9 kg/ha babwe Kenya Malawi ziland sotho Benin hiopia negal swana Ivoire Mali ambia Togo Faso eroon Nigeria ambia nzania Chad ritania Ghana bique ascar urundi uinea wanda Niger ngola ganda DRC Zimb K M Swaz Les B Eth Se Bots Cote d' Z Burkina Came N Ga Tan Maur G Mozam Madag Bu G Rw A Ug

Challenge: Limited use of improved maize cultivars (2006) Challenge: Limited use of improved maize cultivars (2006)

90%

s

70% 80%

e cultivars

40% 50% 60%

ed maize

20% 30% 40%

• f improve

0% 10%

Use o

M a l i G h a n a N i g e r i a A n g

• l

a M

• z

a m b i q u e T a n z a n i a E t h i

• p

i a M a l a w i U g a n d a K e n y a Z a m b i a Z i m b a b w e

Seed production and deployment environment Seed production and deployment environment

Seed value chain

Establishing & Establishing & runnin running a a seed seed Seed production Seed production & processing rocessing Seed Seed marketing marketing Seed Seed demand demand g company mpany & processing processing marketing marketing demand demand Policies & Policies & regulations regulations

Reasons for low use of improved varieties p

• Company establishment

p y

– High start-up investment cost – Lack of manpower and technical know-how p

• Production

Limited access to suitable germplasm – Limited access to suitable germplasm – Production infrastructure Li it d t d ti dit – Limited access to production credit – Weak producer base

• Marketing and distribution constraints

– Poor market infrastructure – Limited retail networks – Challenges related to use of intermediaries

• Seed policies

Seed policies

– Weak internal seed laws and regulations – Import/export restrictions Import/export restrictions – Lengthy variety release processes – Restrictions on access to public germplasm Restrictions on access to public germplasm

• Demand constraints - low adoption rates

– Poor extension coverage – Poor output markets

AGRA’s Technical interventions AGRA s Technical interventions

Seed

R&D

Seed delivery

Training Breeders

• M.Sc. & Ph.D.

fellowships Breeding New Varieties

• Farmer-

participatory Seed Enterprises

• Start-up grants
• Business

Agro-dealer Networks

• Business

Training

• In-country

research on relevant topics

• Regulatory >

Release > Promotion Development Services

• Equity Funds
• Credit

guarantees

• Private

extension

The PASS Improved Seed Value Chain The PASS Improved Seed Value Chain

AGRA-Funded M.Sc. & Ph.D. Fellowship Programs, 2009 g

M S M S M.Sc.

Ph.D.

M.Sc. M Sc M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc.

Ph.D.

• No. of MSc & Phds Enrolled & Graduated ‐ Cummulative

140 160 100 120 61 71

• lled

80 100 tudents enro 40 60 71 79 48

• No. of st

20 6 26 38 3 7 13 19 2007 2008 2009 2010 MScs Enrolled & on‐going PhDs Enrolled & on‐going MScs Graduated PhDs Graduated

AGRA Funded AGRA-Funded Crop Breeding Initiatives, 2008

Maize Sorghum Sorghum Rice Cassava Cowpea Beans Cowpea Soybean S t P t t Sweet Potato Wheat

Breeding grants by crop

Millet 4% Groundnut 4% Wheat 2% Soybean 2%

Breeding grants by crop

Maize 27% Cassava Cowpea 6% Ri Sorghum 10% 8% Rice 15% Beans Sweet potato 10% 10% Beans 12% 10%

Varieties Released and Commercialized 2007-2010

120 109

Varieties Released and Commercialized, 2007-2010

80 100 94 60 80 47 47 47 40 29 47 28 36 47 47 20 2007 2008 2009 2010 Varieties released Varieties commercialized

G d t 4

Varieties released by crop

Soybean, 1 Chickpea, 2 Groundnuts, 4 Pigeonpea , 2 Maize, 36 Cassava, 27 Beans, 23 Rice, 6 Sorgum, 8

Tanzania Tanzania Ethiopia Ethiopia Mali

AGRA F nded AGRA-Funded Seed Supply Initiatives, 2009

Tanzania

N f S d E t i S t d

45

• No. of Seed Enterprises Supported

(43) 35 40 45 8 8 (27) 25 30 5 8 3 (27) 10 15 20 19 27 3 (12) 5 10 9 2007 2008 2009 Private Seed Co. Public Agency Farmer Assoc.

Sunflower Lablab Teff

Seed Production by Crop Species (Eastern and Southern Africa)

Beans 8% Cassava 8% Soy-bean 4% Wheat 5% Sunflower 5% 1% Teff Cowpea 3% Rice Sorghum 4% Groundnut 5% Pigeon-pea 2% Rice 1% Sorghum 5% Maize 53%

Seed production by AGRA supported Enterprises

20 0 20.0 (Projected)

Seed production by AGRA-supported Enterprises

16.0 18.0 20.0 MT)

• usands

10 0 12.0 14.0 8.4 f seed (M Tho 6.0 8.0 10.0 2 6 4.5 8.4 uantity of 0 0 2.0 4.0 2.6 Qu 0.0 Baseline - 2007 2008 2009 2010

Mali Nigeria Ghana Uganda Nigeria Tanzania Kenya Uganda Rwanda Malawi Zambia Tanzania

AGRA-Funded Agro-Dealer

Mozam.

g Development Initiatives, 2009

Agro-dealers that have received technical and business management training under AGRA's programs

1600 1447

AGRA s programs

1200 1400 994 1091 800 1000 994 935 umber 400 600 582 461 N 200 400 212 268 100 153 203 153 Kenya Malawi Tanzania Mali Nigeria Ghana Business Technical

9 200

Agro-dealers Trained in Business Management

8000 9000 10000

9 200

6000 7000 8000

4 237

4000 5000

4 237

1000 2000 3000

331

Baseline -2007 2008 2009

Seed & Fertilizer Sales by Agro-Dealers

235 943 200 000 250 000 150 000 MT 100 000 28 926 46 633 53 223 50 000 2008

• Oct. 2009

Qty seed sales Qty fertilizer sales

Other Technical Initiatives Other Technical Initiatives

• Assembled a team of experts seconded to

p seed companies for a full season

• Seed Enterprise Management Institute in
• Seed Enterprise Management Institute in

collaboration with the Seed Center at Iowa St t U i it CIMMYT & N i bi U i State University, CIMMYT & Nairobi Univ.

• Establishment of an investment fund as a

Establishment of an investment fund as a Loan Facility (ASIF & WAAIF) for grantees & non grantees & non grantees

Policy interventions Policy interventions

• Supporting the strengthening of internal

seed laws and regulations

• Advocating for minimal delays in the release

Advocating for minimal delays in the release

• f new varieties
• Advocating for the easy access to public

germplasm g p

• Supporting the implementation of regionally

harmonized seed laws and regulations harmonized seed laws and regulations

• Working to eliminate trade restrictions

Technical Challenges g

• Low production capacity/insufficient: BS,FS, CS
• Out-growers incompetence

Out growers incompetence

• Drought constraint

St f iliti

• Storage facilities
• Limited working capital
• Weak regulatory agencies
• Monopoly on public varieties

Monopoly on public varieties

• Poor marketing infrastructure

Poor business management skills

• Poor business management skills
• Lengthy variety release

How harmonization of seed policies and l i l ti ill h AGRA’ k legislation will enhance AGRA’s work

• Greater liberalization of (foundation and

certified) seed production and marketing ) p g

• Increased competition ensuring better prices

S i t f k d d l th h

• Squeezing out fake seed dealers through

cross-border movement of seeds

• Enforcing regulatory measures

Promoting increased crop prod cti it and a

• Promoting increased crop productivity and a

potential for an African Green Revolution

Thank you

www.agra-alliance.org

Thank you