An INSPIRE-based vocabulary for the publication of Agricultural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

An INSPIRE-based vocabulary for the publication of Agricultural Linked Data

OWLED Workshop 2015 Bethlehem, PA. USA 9th October 2015 Raul Palma, Tomas Reznik, Miguel Esbri, Karel Charvat, and Cezary Mazurek

w w w . f o o d i e - p r o j e c t . e u Grant agreement no: 621074 CIP-ICT-PSP-2013-7 Pilot Type B

2 www.foodie-project.eu

Presentation Outline

1. Motivation and context 2. Transformation Process 3. Ontology 4. Discussion and Future Work

3 www.foodie-project.eu

Fig1 - GVA Fig2 - Employment Fig3 – Land use

• Agriculture sector has high importance

in the EU economy

• The agriculture+ sector represented about 1,7% of

the EU-28 Gross Value Added(fig1) and accounted for 4.9% of the total number of persons employed in 2013 (fig2)

• Around 40 % of the total EU-28 land area is used

for farming and for forestry (fig3)

• Accordingly, EU has developed policies

and innovation programs that tackle

• the challenges associated to improve

the efficiency of agricultural activities

• with a limited environmental footprint

First some statistical facts

Source: Eurostat

4 www.foodie-project.eu

Agriculture sector overview

• Multiple activities and

stakeholders

• Multiple applications, tools

and devices

• Multiple data sources, data

types and data formats In order to make economically and environmentally sound decisions, the different stakeholders groups involved in the agricultural activities need integrated access to multiple and heterogeneous sources of information collected by multiple applications and devices.

Complex ecosystem!

5 www.foodie-project.eu

• FOODIE project aims at building an open and interoperable cloud-based platform

addressing among others the integration of data relevant to farming production including their geo-spatial dimension, as well as their publication as Linked data.

• Data integration (and system interoperability) at the semantic level involves
• matching, aligning or translating models/schemas to provide a unified data view/access
• linking data/model elements to a reference vocabulary, e.g., AGROVOC, other well-known
• Publication of linked data involves
• dataset identification, model specification, RDF data generation and linking
• model provides an application vocabulary for representing cross-domain data and

information specific to FOODIE

FOODIE vision and goals (semantics)

High-value apps & services supporting planning and decision-making

6 www.foodie-project.eu

• Task1: (i) to define the application vocabulary covering the

different categories of information the platform has to deal with, (ii) in line with existing standards and best practices

• INSPIRE directive is an EU initiative that aims at building a Pan-

European spatial data infrastructure (SDI) requiring

• EU Member States to make available spatial data, from multiple

thematic areas, according to established implementing rules using appropriate services.

• Based on ISO/OGC standards for geographical information, i.e., ISO

19100 series standards

• Hence, FOODIE data model builds on
• the INSPIRE data specification for agricultural

and aquaculture facilities theme - AF (for agricultural data), and

• the INSPIRE data specification for themes

in annex I for for geospatial data

FOODIE data model

7 www.foodie-project.eu

• INSPIRE data specifications are

defined as UML models and are available in different XML-based formats

• FOODIE extensions on the UML

model developed by domain experts

• Task2: Transform model into OWL
• ntology

FOODIE data model

class Foodie Core Data Model v4.1 proposal «featureType» Agricultural and Aquaculture Facilities Model::Holding «featureType» Agricultural and Aquaculture Facilities Model:: Site + code :Identifier + geometry :GM_Object + activity :EconomicActivityNACEValue [1..*] + validFrom :DateTime + validTo :DateTime [0..1] + beginLifespanVersion :DateTime + endLifeSpanVersion :DateTime [0..1] «voidable» + includesAnimal :FarmAnimalSpecies [0..*] «dataType» Agricultural and Aquaculture Facilities Model:: FarmAnimalSpecies «voidable» + livestock :LivestockSpeciesValue [0..*] + aquaculture :AquacultureSpeciesValue [0..*] «featureType» Activity Complex::ActivityComplex + inspireId :Identifier + thematicId :ThematicIdentifier [0..*] + geometry :GM_Object + function :Function [1..*] + userId :CharacterString «voidable» + name :CharacterString [0..1] + validFrom :DateTime + validTo :DateTime [0..1] «voidable, lifeCycleInfo» + beginLifespanVersion :DateTime + endLifespanVersion :DateTime [0..1] «featureType» Plot + code :Identifier + validFrom :DateTime + validTo :DateTime [0..1] + beginLifeSpanVersion :DateTime + endLifeSpanVersion :DateTime [0..1] + geometry :GM_Object [1..*] + description :CharacterString [0..1] +

• riginType :OriginTypeValue

«featureType» Treatment + quantity :Measure [1..*] + tractorId :CharacterString [0..*] + machineId :CharacterString [0..*] + motionSpeed :Measure [0..1] + pressure :Measure [0..1] + flowAdjustment :Measure [0..1] + applicationWidth :Measure [0..1] + areaDose :DoseUnit [0..1] + formOfTreatment :FormOfTreatmentValue [1..*] + treatmentPurpose :TreatmentPurposeValue [0..*] + treatmentDescription :CharacterString [0..1] «dataType» NutrientsType + N :Measure [0..1] + P2O5 :Measure [0..1] + K2O :Measure [0..1] + MgO :Measure [0..1] + CaO :Measure [0..1] + S :Measure [0..1] + Zn :Measure [0..1] + Cu :Measure [0..1] + Fe :Measure [0..1] + B :Measure [0..1] + Mn :Measure [0..1] + Mo :Measure [0..1] «codeList» TreatmentPurposeValue + weed + pest + disease «featureType» CropSpecies + beginDate :Date + endDate :Date [0..1] + cropArea :GM_Object + cropSpecies :CropType [1..*] + production :ProductionType [0..*] «featureType» Product + productCode :CharacterString [0..*] + productName :CharacterString [1..*] + productType :CharacterString + productSubType :CharacterString [0..*] + productKind :ProductKindValue + description :CharacterString [0..1] + manufacturer :CI_ResponsibleParty [1..*] + nutrients :NutrientsType [0..*] + safetyInstructions :CharacterString [0..1] + storageHandling :CharacterString [0..1] + registrationCode :CharacterString [0..*] + registerUrl :URL [0..*] «featureType» SoilNutrients + nutrientName :GenericName + nutrientAmount :Measure + nutrientMeasure :CharacterString «codeList» ProductKindValue +

• rganic

+ mineral «dataType» SoilTextureType + clay :Percent + silt :Percent + sand :Percent «dataType» ProductionType + productionDate :Date + variety :CharacterString + productionAmount :Measure + productionAnalysis :ProductionAnalysisType [0..*] «dataType» ProductionAnalysisType + productionAnalysisDate :Date + property :Measure «codeList» OriginTypeValue + manual + system «featureType» Alert + code :Identifier + type :CharacterString [1..*] + description :CharacterString [0..1] + checkedByUser :Boolean + alertDate :Date + alertGeometry :GM_Object «featureType» Intervention + type :CharacterString + description :CharacterString + notes :CharacterString [0..1] + status :CharacterString + creationDateTime :DateTime + interventionStart :DateTime + interventionEnd :DateTime [0..1] + interventionGeometry :GM_Object [1..*] + supervisor :CI_ResponsibleParty [0..1] +

• perator :CI_ResponsibleParty [0..*]

+ evidenceParty :CI_ResponsibleParty [1..*] «featureType» TreatmentPlan + treatmentPlanCode :CharacterString [0..*] + description :CharacterString [1..*] + type :CharacterString + campaign :TM_Period [1..*] + treatmentPlanCreation :DateTime + notes :CharacterString [0..1] «featureType» ProductPreparation + productQuantity :Measure + solventQuantity :Measure [0..*] + safetyPeriod :TM_Period «dataType» ActiveIngredients + code :CharacterString [0..1] + ingredientName :CharacterString + ingredientAmount :Measure «codeList» DoseUnit + minimumDose :Measure + maximumDose :Measure «codeList» FormOfTreatmentValue + manual + applicationMachine + aerial «featureType» ManagementZone + code :Identifier + validFrom :DateTime [0..1] + validTo :DateTime [0..1] + beginLifeSpanVersion :DateTime + endLifeSpanVersion :DateTime [0..1] + geometry :GM_Object [1..*] + notes :CharacterString + dateOfAnalysis :DateTime [0..*] «featureType» SoilType + soilType :CharacterString [1..*] «featureType» SoilTexture + soilTexture :SoilTextureType [1..*] «featureType» pH + pH :Measure [1..*] «featureType» OrganicMatter +

• rganicMatter :Percent

«featureType» ElectricConductivity + electricConductivity :Measure [1..*] «featureType» ZonePolygon + area :Measure «dataType» CropType + name :CharacterString + scientificName :CharacterString + description :CharacterString + notes :CharacterString + seedingAdvice :CharacterString + harvestingAdvice :CharacterString 0..* 1..* +contains 1..* HoldingSites 1..* 0..* +containsZone 0..* +HoldingPlot 0..* +containsPlot 1..* HoldingPlots 0..* 0..1 0..1 0..* 0..* +crop 0..*

8 www.foodie-project.eu

Presentation Outline

1. Motivation and context 2. Transformation Process 3. Ontology 4. Discussion and Future Work

9 www.foodie-project.eu

• Semi-automatic approach* using ShapeChange tool, which
• processes application schemas for geographic information from a

UML model and derives implementation representations

• Implements ISO 19150-2 standard defining rules for mapping ISO

geographic information UML models to OWL ontologies.

• Required different pre and post processing tasks

Transformation from UML model to OWL ontology

• S. Tschirner, A. Scherp, and S. Staab. Semantic access to inspire. In Terra Cognita’11 Workshop Foundations,

Technologies and Applications of the Geospatial Web. Citeseer, 2011

• L. Van den Brink, P. Janssen, and W. Quak. From geo-data to linked data: Automated transformation from gml

to rdf. Linked Open Data-Pilot Linked Open Data Nederland, 2013. XMI

XML schemas, feature catalogs, and RDF/OWL

10 www.foodie-project.eu

• Pre-processing tasks
• Source model preparation
• assignment of INSPIRE application schema stereotype, fixing

inconsistencies, naming target sides of aggregations/associations

• ShapeChange tool configuration
• Encoding rules driving the conversion process
• Mappings from UML classes to OWL elements
• for the classes and properties referenced in the model
• Namespaces definition for base ontologies (fixed and extended)
• ISO 19100 series standards, GeoSPARQL OGC standard and INSPIRE
• standard vocabularies like rdf, skos, dublin core and PROV
• Base ontologies fixes
• INSPIRE common ontology
• Ontologies based on the ISO 19100 series standards**
• drastic changes between versions, miss several elements from the standard

and in most cases the ontologies are only available as OWL full ontologies

Transformation from UML model to OWL ontology

11 www.foodie-project.eu

• Preliminary ontology generated after ShapeChange

execution

• UML featureTypes and dataTypes modelled as classes, and their

attributes as datatype or object properties

• UML codeLists modelled as classes/concepts, and their attributes as

concept members

• Cardinalities restrictions defined on properties (exactly, min, max)
• DataType properties ranges defined according to model/mappings
• Object properties ranges defined according to model/mappings
• Object properties inverseOf defined
• Post-processing tasks
• Manual fixes in the ontology
• incorrect namespaces, missing prefixes and unnecessary

imports

• incorrect axiom generated to constraint the cardinality of the

property rdfs:label in a class expression

• Manual creation of ontology elements of the base INSPIRE

schemas (AF)

Transformation from UML model to OWL ontology

12 www.foodie-project.eu

Presentation Outline

1. Motivation and context 2. Transformation Process 3. Ontology 4. Discussion and Future Work

13 www.foodie-project.eu

• For the purposes of FOODIE, we found the lack of a feature on a

more detailed level than Site that is already part of the INSPIRE AF data model.

• Main concept: Plot

FOODIE ontology

foodie:Plot

INSPIRE-AF:Site

foodie:Alert

Foodie:Intervention Foodie:CropSpecies Foodie:ManagementZone containsPlot containsManagementZone interventionPlot

speciesPlot alertPlot plotAlert

Foodie:ProductionType production

• One lower level is

ManagementZone

• Enables a more precise description
• f the land characteristics in fine-

grained area

• Represents a continuous area of agricultural

land with one type of crop species, cultivated by one user in one farming mode

• Two kinds of data associated:
• metadata information
• agro-related information

Foodie:SoilNutrients zoneNutrients

14 www.foodie-project.eu

• The Intervention is the basic feature type for any kind of

(farming) application with explicitly defined geometry, e.g., tillage or pruning.

• Has multiple indirect associations with different concepts

FOODIE ontology

Foodie:Intervention Foodie:Treatment Foodie:TreatmentPlan Foodie:Product Foodie:ProductPreparation Foodie:ActiveIngredients

is-a plan productPlan planProduct preparationProduct preparation productTreatment treatmentProduct preparationPlan ingredientProduct

Foodie:FormOfT reatmentValue Foodie:Treatme ntPurposeValue formOfTreatment treatmentPurpose

15 www.foodie-project.eu

FOODIE ontology

The Top hierarchy

The FeatureType hierarchy

16 www.foodie-project.eu

FOODIE ontology

The Datatype hierarchy The Codelist hierarchy

17 www.foodie-project.eu

Presentation Outline

1. Motivation and context 2. Transformation Process 3. Ontology 4. Discussion and Future Work

18 www.foodie-project.eu

• Not a straightforward process, needed substantial manual

intervention

• Need to clarify the issues with the ontologies based on the ISO

19100 series standard.

• FOODIE ontology to be aligned with standard vocabularies, so that

data can be integrated with existing sources

• FAO vocabularies
• AGROVOC
• Agrontology
• Datacube (e.g., for integration with EUROSTAT)
• Source data collected and generated in compliance with FOODIE

model will be made available in a relational database

• FOODIE has a clustered postgres-XL (with postgis) installation
• UML model has been translated into a relational schema just recently

and data has started to be collected

• Publication of linked data will require data conversion (e.g., data

upgrade or on-the-fly query translation)

Discussion & Future Work

Partners

www.foodie-project.eu This project is partially funded under the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT PSP) as part of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme by the European Commission under grant agreement no. 621074

Thank you for your attention

Raul Palma (PSNC) rpalma@man.poznan.pl http://www.foodie-project.eu http://twitter.com/foodie_project