ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION CHANGE AT HIGH ELEVATIONS Sandro Fuzzi - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION CHANGE AT HIGH ELEVATIONS

Sandro Fuzzi

Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council Bologna, Italy

Atmospheric change, Atmospheric change, environment, climate environment, climate

• Changes in atmospheric composition induced

Changes in atmospheric composition induced by human activities directly affect many by human activities directly affect many environmental processes, determining environmental processes, determining climate, air quality and atmospheric inputs to climate, air quality and atmospheric inputs to ecosystems ecosystems

• As a result of anthropogenic emissions,

As a result of anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric composition changes affect the atmospheric composition changes affect the fundamental necessities for human existence: fundamental necessities for human existence: human health, food production, and human health, food production, and availability of water availability of water

energy production agriculture industry transportation farming deforestation

Anthropogenic emissions Anthropogenic emissions

waste

Today, anthropogenic emissions Today, anthropogenic emissions

• f many atmospheric compounds
• f many atmospheric compounds

exceed by far natural sources exceed by far natural sources

Anthropogenic vs. natural emissions Anthropogenic vs. natural emissions

Sulphur Emissions Northern Hemisphere

Nitrogen Fixation

Global trends from satellites Global trends from satellites

pollution biomass burning

Observed and modeled Observed and modeled concentrations concentrations

Koch et al., 2007 Koch et al., 2007

Mountains and global change Mountains and global change

• Mountains are marginal environments highly

Mountains are marginal environments highly sensitive to global change sensitive to global change

• At the same time, mountains provide unique

At the same time, mountains provide unique

• pportunities to detect and analyse global
• pportunities to detect and analyse global

change processes and phenomena change processes and phenomena

• At high mountain stations atmospheric

At high mountain stations atmospheric background conditions and global change background conditions and global change processes can profitably be studied by means processes can profitably be studied by means

• f continuous monitoring activities
• f continuous monitoring activities

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• Mt. Cimone (44°12‘ N,

10°42‘ E, 2165 m asl) is the highest peak of the Northern Apennines, the border line of two different climatic regions:

• continental Europe
• Mediterranean Basin

Monte Monte Cimone Cimone

• Monte Cimone

Monte Cimone

The longest CO The longest CO2

2 record in Europe

record in Europe

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SAHARAN dust SAHARAN dust transport transport

MTC

Saharan dust plume (2 March 2002) Saharan dust plume (2 March 2002)

SeaWIFFS SeaWIFFS satellite satellite

dust pollution aerosol Po Valley

Influence of polluted Po Valley Influence of polluted Po Valley

(August 2007) (August 2007)

• Mt. Cimone O
• Mt. Cimone O3

3 summer concentration

summer concentration

Polluted days Non - polluted days

• Haze over the Himalayas

Haze over the Himalayas

Extension of Extension of Asian Brown Cloud Asian Brown Cloud

NASA NASA-

• MODIS/Terra

MODIS/Terra

• Dec. 4, 2001
• Dec. 4, 2001

The Project The Project Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) sponsored by UNEP sponsored by UNEP

Pyramid Pyramid Observatory Observatory

Everest

The SHARE The SHARE – –Asia Project Asia Project

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• /
• 1
• )
• 2
• .

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• /
• 1
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• 2

34 5

The Pyramid Observatory The Pyramid Observatory

Aerosol measuring shelter Aerosol measuring shelter

Remote control

• f the

instrumentation is also possible Data are sent through satellite telecommunication

CNR-ISAC OPGC-CNRS DLR UNI-URB EV-K2-CNR UNEP – ABC mide pyra

PYRAMID

QA/QC

SHELTER CNR – ISAC Bologna

Data acquisition and Data acquisition and communication system communication system

Pyramid Observatory Pyramid Observatory black carbon concentration black carbon concentration

Nucleation of new particles at the Nucleation of new particles at the Pyramid Observatory Pyramid Observatory

Formation of Formation of new particles new particles from precursor from precursor pollutants pollutants transported from transported from the valleys below the valleys below took place ca. took place ca. 40% of the days 40% of the days

• ver a period of
• ver a period of

16 months 16 months

Halocarbon Halocarbon measurements measurements

Halocarbons are collected Halocarbons are collected in flasks in flasks on a weekly basis

• n a weekly basis

and are then analysed for and are then analysed for 25 climatically relevant 25 climatically relevant species species

• pptv
• Mt. Cimone
• Mt. Cimone

ABC ABC-

• Pyramid

Pyramid

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• P. Bonasoni,
• P. Bonasoni, F. Angelini,
• F. Angelini, J. Arduini, U. Bonaf
• J. Arduini, U. Bonafè

è, F. Calzolari, , F. Calzolari,

• P. Cristofanelli, S. Decesari, M.C. Facchini, GP.
• P. Cristofanelli, S. Decesari, M.C. Facchini, GP. Gobbi,

Gobbi, P. Laj,

• P. Laj, M.

M. Maione, V. Mancinelli, Maione, V. Mancinelli, A. Marinoni, A. Petzold,

• A. Marinoni, A. Petzold, M. Rinaldi
• M. Rinaldi,

,

• F. Roccato, J
• F. Roccato, J-
• C.
• C. Roger, K. Sellegri, M. Sprenger, H. Venzac , GP.

Roger, K. Sellegri, M. Sprenger, H. Venzac , GP. Verza, Verza,

• P. Villani, E. Vuillermoz
• P. Villani, E. Vuillermoz

CNR CNR -

• Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy

Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy CNRS CNRS -

• Universit

Université é Blaise Pascal, Aubi Blaise Pascal, Aubiè ère Cedex, France re Cedex, France Urbino University Urbino University -

• Department of Environmental Sciences, Urbino, Italy

Department of Environmental Sciences, Urbino, Italy DLR DLR – – Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Wessling, Germany Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Wessling, Germany ETHZ ETHZ -

• Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland EV EV-

• K2

K2-

• CNR

CNR Committee, Bergamo, Italy Committee, Bergamo, Italy

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

thank you for thank you for your attention!!! your attention!!!