balticFuelCells GmbH Hagenower Str. 73 19061 Schwerin GERMANY - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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balticFuelCells GmbH Hagenower Str. 73 19061 Schwerin GERMANY - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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balticFuelCells GmbH Hagenower Str. 73 19061 Schwerin GERMANY quickCONNECTfixture single cell tester for LT and HT PEM applications E. Fokkens, B. Ruffmann, T. Rpke, S. Heidemann, S. Mller 20.10.2009 20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 1 20.10.2009 1

balticFuelCells GmbH

Hagenower Str. 73 19061 Schwerin GERMANY quickCONNECTfixture single cell tester for LT and HT PEM applications

  • E. Fokkens, B. Ruffmann, T. Röpke, S. Heidemann, S. Möller
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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 2

Contents

  • About balticFuelCells GmbH
  • Conventional test cell vs. quickCONNECT single cell tester
  • Evolution of qCf
  • quickCONNECT (qCf) and cellFixture (cF) standards and customized

designs

  • Application fields QA/R&D
  • OE dynamic hydrogen reference electrode (DHRE)
  • OE compression measurement device (CMD)
  • OE integrated current distribution sensor (CSL)
  • OE integrated humidity sensor (HSE)
  • NEW! short stack tester (novelty from Hannover fair 2009)
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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 3

About balticFuelCells GmbH

2002 Formation of the Hydrogen Institute of Applied Technologies (HIAT) gGmbH in Schwerin, Germany DMFC, PEFC, membranes, electrodes, test cells, stacks, electrode technology, catalyst technology 2006 Formation of balticFuelCells GmbH as spin-off company from HIAT in Schwerin, Germany Main business field: Testing equipment for PEMFC Emerging business fields: GDE production, CCM production, Stack development For DMFC and PEFC

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 4 20.10.2009 4

Conventional test cell vs qCf

QA + R&D with conventional single cell tests

  • disassembly / assembly is time-consuming
  • high risk of mistakes in assembly
  • Compression force applied using bolts and torque

wrench

  • Compression force applied to gaskets and active

area

  • Compression of active components depends on:
  • thickness and material properties of MEA/CCM

GDLs, CCBs etc.

  • thickness and material properties of gaskets
  • torque

what about reproducibility?

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 5 20.10.2009 5

fixed mono polar plate moving flow field frame MEA

the idea  design of a novel cell concept for the reproducible characterisation of all internal Fuel Cell components (CCMs, MEAs, GDLs, CCBs, flowfields, etc.)

  • adjustable pressure impact on the active Fuel Cell area (directly

regulated by pneumatic actuator)

  • independent of gaskets and overall thickness of internal FC-components
  • quick and tool-less assembly of cellFixture into quickCONNECT
  • simple exchange and verification of different flow field geometries

fully reproducible conditions for R&D and QA!

Conventional test cell vs qCf

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 6 20.10.2009 6

Evolution of qCf

>.. 20th century 2004 2005

2006 2007

5th stage

quickCONNECTfixture series production Gen_1.0 launched @ HMI‘2007

beginning

diploma thesis @ HIAT 2002/2003

3rd stage

  • peration

comfort  Gen_0

2nd stage

material improvm.

state of the art

  • not suitable for reproducible characterizations and

QA!

4th stage

quickCONNECTfixt ure  Gen_0.1

  • 400 mm
  • 11 kg
  • 160 W heating
  • hand operated

piston valve

  • 290 mm
  • 5,9 kg
  • 200 W heating
  • electrical

valve

  • extra low
  • hmic

resistance

  • gold plated

plates

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 7

Evolution of qCf

2008: integrated sense frame for even further reduction

  • f test cell

contribution to ohmic losses during measurement (Gen 1.1 25cm2 and 50 cm2 active area)

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 8 20.10.2009 8

quickCONNECTfixture qCf

connector to test stand

  • heating, sensors

electronics heating plates 300 Wel. media and current connectors cellFixture cF

  • verview and cross section of qCf

pneumatic actuator 0…10 bar (0…1 MPa)

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 9 20.10.2009 9

cellFixture cF

cross-section & principle

  • advanced sealing concept allows

adjustment of moving monopolar-plate

  • contact pressure is applied ONLY on

the active area moving monopolar-plate self adjusting piston for active pressure control directly on active Fuel-Cell-Area! specimen(s) CCM, MEA, CCM, GDE, GDL, etc. swing clamps quick and easy assembly

piston path 0…2mm

fixed monopolar-plate Recommended “anode side” O-ring

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 10 20.10.2009 10

impact pressure on active area

Control of impact pressure on active FC area by adjusting the air pressure of the pneumatic actuator!

0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00 10,00

air pressure pneumatic actuator [bar] force/active FC area [N/mm 2]

qCf 50/125 qCf 25/100

fixed mono polar plate moving flowfield frame MEA F = force of the pneumatic acuator

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 11 20.10.2009 11

Standards and customized designs

  • standard cell areas 25 and 50 cm2 FC-area with CD-flowfields
  • customised qCf with 2 … 268 cm² active area realised
  • qCf-specific: liquid cooling/heating; integration of humidity sensors
  • QA-specific: consulting in test bench questions and QA opportunities
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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 12 20.10.2009 12

Example: optimizing contact pressure

anode GDL material 1 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa = 145 psi

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 13 20.10.2009 13

anode GDL material 1

1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa = 145 psi

Example: optimizing contact pressure

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 14 20.10.2009 14

OE - DHRE

Dynamic Hydrogen Reference Electrode

  • anode and cathode contributions to over-potential
  • targeted optimization of the separate electrodes
  • simple installation on cathode side as additional layer (t: 0,2 mm)

Pt wires  touching membrane @ edge of electrode

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 15

Example: finding optimum air bleed for reformate LT-PEFC

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 i (A/cm2) U (V) Anode vs DHE, pure H2 Cathode vs DHE,pure H2 Anode vs DHE, reformate with 1% air Cathode, reformaet with 1% air Anode vs DHE, reformate with 2% air Cathode vs DHE, reformate with 2% air Anode vs DHE, reformate with 3% air Cathode vs DHE, reformatewith 3% air Anode vs DHE, reformate with 4% air Cathode vs DHE, reformate with 4% air Anode vs DHE, reformate with 5 % air Cathode vs DHE, reformate with 5% air

LT-PEFC MEA in hydrogen and reformate operation

Cathode vs. DHRE Anode vs. DHRE

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 16

Example: electrode development

UI-plots, HiSPEC13000 vs. CNT-Pt: LT-PEFC (65°C) Ambient p, λair: 3.5 (60%r.h.), λH2: 1.5 (60%r.h.)

Contact pressure: 1N/mm2, GDLs: Freudenberg H2314I3C1 Membrane: Fumapem F950, Quick Connect Fixure 25/100 Cathode: 0.5mgPt/cm2,anode: 0.2mgPt/cm2

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Current density / Acm-2 Voltage / V Voltage CNT-Pt Voltage HiSPEC 13100

scan rate: 0.5A/5s from OCV to short circuit 650mV at 0.5A/cm2

Equivalent circuit for cathode and anode: Use

  • f the

DHRE:

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 17

Example: Electrode development DHRE combined with EIS

Cathode impedance at 0.6A/cm2 / Nyquist plots / 5kHz-100mHz, ZView 2.1b

Rel = 0.15 Ohmcm2 Rct = 0.27 Ohmcm2 WN (R) = 0.21 Ohmcm2 WN (t) = 12.9 ms Rel = 0.16 Ohmcm2 Rct = 0.18 Ohmcm2 WN (R) = 0.14 Ohmcm2 WN (t) = 15.0 ms

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 18

Example: Electrode development DHRE combined with EIS

Anode impedance at 0.6A/cm2 / Nyquist plots / 5kHz-100mHz, ZView 2.1b

Rel = 0.13 Ohmcm2 Rct = 0.04 Ohmcm2 WN (R) = 0.03 Ohmcm2 WN (t) = 0.83 s Rel = 0.09 Ohmcm2 Rct = 0.06 Ohmcm2 WN (R) = 0.02 Ohmcm2 WN (t) = 0.12 s

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 19 20.10.2009 19

OE - CMD

compression measurement device CMD

  • Compression [%, µm] = f (F; pressure)
  • Change of thickness = f(t) with constant or adjusted pressure impact
  • for determination of thinning-effects of membranes (Res.: < 1 µm)
  • Up to 180 °C

path length sensor electrically controlled precision pressure regulator Zoom

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 20 20.10.2009 20

OE CMD screenshots of CMD qCf

software

Modi#1:

compression & force vs. Time [% or N / sec.]

Modi#2:

compression vs. Force [µm / N/mm² or. bar] Software environment included in the CMD-package!

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 21

Example: compression of GDLs

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 22

Example: compression of HT-PEFC-MEA

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 23

cF with integrated CSL

Resolution: 7 mm x 7 mm up to 2.5 A/cm2 up to 180 °C Or HiRES 1 mm x 1 mm Current Scan Lin current density distribution sensor

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 24

Example: CSL for 225 cm2 PEFC

  • Fig. current density distribution of 225 cm2

MEA at 65 °C, ambient pressure, air: λ = 3.5 (100% r.h.), H2 : λ = 1.5 (85% r.h.), 1N/mm2 Average current density: 0.5 A/cm2; 21 x 21 segments

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 25 20.10.2009 25

cF with integrated HSE 100

Integration of a

humidity sensor (capacitive)

in the channel ground of the flow field

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 26

HSE100 measurement (screenshot)

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 27 20.10.2009 27

QA quality assurance with quickCONNECTfixture

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 28

New! Short stack tester

Endplates with media connections integrated in test frame Example: 50 cm2 active area, 5 cells, liquid cooling

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20.10.2009 FC TOOLS, 23rd-24th June 2009, Trondheim, Norway 29

Thank you for your attention! I would like to welcome you at our booth! Contact: info@balticfuelcells.de fokkens@balticfuelcells.de www.balticfuelcells.de