Car to car communication of autonomous driving vehicles in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Car to car communication of autonomous driving vehicles in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 16, 2023 682 likes •1.02k views

Car to car communication of autonomous driving vehicles in dangerous situations NAME: FABIAN KALEUN MODULE: INTELLIGENT ROBOTICS MATRICULATION NR.: 7324727 Content 1. Introduction to autonomous driving vehicles 2. How car to car

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Car to car communication of autonomous driving vehicles in dangerous situations

NAME: FABIAN KALEUN MODULE: INTELLIGENT ROBOTICS MATRICULATION NR.: 7324727

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Content

  • 1. Introduction to autonomous driving vehicles
  • 2. How car to car communication of autonomous driving vehicles

works

  • 3. Decision making in dangerous situations
  • 4. Ethics

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 2

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  • 1. Introduction to autonomous

driving vehicles

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  • 1. Introduction to autonomous driving vehicles

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 4 Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eU5jezjdXxA&list=LL6l3dDxfAkUqal1kytuRgzQ&index=5&t=0s

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1.1 Necessary definitions

  • Autonomous Driving
  • Self driving of a vehicle to a specific target in real traffic without the intervention
  • f a human driver. (Daimler)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer

systems.

  • Intelligent Behavior
  • A person's aggregate capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal

effectively with the environment

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 5

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1.2 Basic functionality: The 5 Levels of autonomous driving

  • Driver

Assistance

Level 1 Level 1

  • Partly

automated driving

Level 2 Level 2

  • Highly

automated driving

Level 3 Level 3

  • Fully

automated driving

Level 4 Level 4

  • Full

automation

Level 5 Level 5

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 6

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1.3 History of autonomous vehicles

  • Norman Bel Geddes created first self

driving car concept in 1939

  • 1958: Concept made reality by GM
  • 1977: Japanese improved that idea
  • 1987: Germans gave another

improvement

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 7 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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1.4 Upcoming Future

  • How far is the technology?
  • When does it start in public?
  • Where will that technology lead?

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 8

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  • 2. How car to car

communication of autonomous driving vehicles works

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  • 2. How car to car communication of

autonomous driving vehicles works

Outline

1. Detection of other objects 2. Communication technologies

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 10

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2.1 Detection of other objects

  • Object detection nature:
  • Object Classification
  • Object Localization
  • Done by defining a bounding box
  • Object detection
  • More bounding boxes with same variables

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 11 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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2.2 Communication technologies

  • Radar/Ultrasound
  • Information feed for the (artificial) driver
  • Wireless network connection

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 12

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2.2.1 Radars/Ultrasound

  • Very short range
  • Easily disturbed by poor weather
  • Detection stops at first obstacle
  • Cameras insights are very limited as well

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 13 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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2.2.2 Information feed for the (artificial) driver

  • Vehicles broadcast data within a few hundred meters like:
  • Position
  • Speed
  • Steering wheel position
  • Brake status
  • Other vehicles use that information to picture their environment

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 14

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2.2.3 Wireless network connection

  • Creating a car to car network is a complex challenge
  • 5G is a crucial must have here (transfer of 2 petabits per week)
  • Possible due to combination of bandwidth of 5G frequencies and new digital

radio architectures

  • Broadcasted data is processed 10 times per second
  • Transmitters use 802.11p (new wireless standard) to authenticate

each message

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 15

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  • 3. Decision making in dangerous

situations

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  • 3. Decision making in dangerous situations

Outline

1. Artificial Intelligence Challenges 2. Case examples

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 17

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3.1 Artificial Intelligence Challenges

  • Safe, secure and highly responsive

solutions, made in split seconds required

  • Extensive amount of training for AI

network necessary

  • One autonomous vehicle is

projected to have more code than any other software ever created

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 18 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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3.2. Case examples

  • 1. City traffic
  • 2. Overtaking
  • 3. Obstacles on the pathway
  • 4. Not preventable accidents

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 19

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3.2.1 Case example: City traffic

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 20 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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3.2.1 Case example: City traffic

  • Vehicle to Infrastructure –

Communication (V2I)

  • Vehicle to pedestrian –

Communication (V2P)

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 21 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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3.2.2 Case example: Overtaking

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 22 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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3.2.2 Case example: Overtaking

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 23 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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3.2.3 Case example: Obstacles on the pathway

  • Traffic Jam
  • Communication with other vehicles

alerts in time

  • Damaged Street/Accident
  • Information Broadcast online
  • Fallen Tree?
  • Bugs?

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 24 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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3.2.4 Case example: Not preventable accidents

  • Very tough decision making
  • Priority is always to not damage environment (including own car)
  • What would you damage if you have no other choice?

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 25

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  • 4. Ethics
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4.1 Data protection

  • Which data is shared?
  • Car position, speed, traffic status etc.
  • Pick up?
  • Destination?
  • Creation of a movement profile
  • Problem still not solved entirely

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 27

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4.2 The trolley problem

What would you do?

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 28 For the picture source please refer to the “Picture Sources” Slide

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Sources

  • Definition autonomous driving: https://www.daimler.com/innovation/autonomous-

driving/special/definition.html

  • Definition Artificial Intelligence: https://searchenterpriseai.techtarget.com/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence
  • Definition Intelligence: https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Intelligent+behavior
  • 5 Levels of autonomous driving: https://www.bmw.com/en/automotive-life/autonomous-driving.html
  • History of autonomous vehicles: https://www.titlemax.com/resources/history-of-the-autonomous-car/
  • Detection of other objects: https://skymind.ai/wiki/autonomous-vehicle
  • Communication Technologies: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/534981/car-to-car-communication/
  • 5G Information: https://www.machinedesign.com/motion-control/5g-s-important-role-autonomous-car-

technology

  • AI Challenges: https://www.micron.com/insight/on-the-road-to-full-autonomy-self-driving-cars-will-rely-on-ai-

and-innovative-memory

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 29

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Picture/Video Sources

  • Autonomous Driving Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eU5jezjdXxA&list=LL6l3dDxfAkUqal1kytuRgzQ&index=5&t=0s
  • History of autonomous driving cars: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45048264
  • Object Classification and Localization: https://skymind.ai/wiki/autonomous-vehicle
  • Radar: https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/29424-ensilica-radar-imaging-co-processor-to-accelerate-development-of-self-drive-cars
  • Artificial Intelligence: https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/-we-need-to-act-now-and-put-human-rights-at-the-centre-of-artificial-intelligence-designs
  • Empty Road: https://www.flickr.com/photos/33243855@N00/2708274425
  • City Traffic: https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2019/04/04/new-york-congestion-pricing-traffic
  • Roundabout Traffic: https://www.citylab.com/design/2017/03/the-other-side-of-roundabouts-more-crashes/518484/
  • V2V Communication: https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/13/13936342/wireless-vehicle-to-vehicle-communication-v2v-v2i-dot-nhtsa
  • Overtaking math: http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/lajss/v11n14/a02fig01.jpg
  • Overtaking: https://s.yimg.com/uu/api/res/1.2/zYvVC1gQN43ipZu7na0W8w--~B/aD0xNTM1O3c9MjEyNjtzbT0xO2FwcGlkPXl0YWNoeW9u/http://media.zenfs.com/en_US/News/US-

AFPRelax/643863_280113bos.ea66f162722.original.jpg

  • Obstacle - Tree: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-10/tree-fallen-across-street-after-wa-storm/4063050
  • Trolley Problem: https://www.inc.com/magazine/201811/tom-foster/artificial-intelligence-ethics.html

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 30

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Thank you for your attention

THOUGHTS TO THE TROLLEY PROBLEM? ANY QUESTIONS?

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1 2 3 4 5 6 Kategorie 1 Kategorie 2 Kategorie 3 Kategorie 4 Datenreihe 1 Datenreihe 2 Datenreihe 3

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 32

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Gruppe 1 Gruppe 2 Klasse 1 82 95 Klasse 2 76 88 Klasse 3 84 90

Intelligent Robotics; Fabian Kaleun, University Hamburg 33