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Characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by TEC map - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by TEC map over South America Barros, D.; Takahashi, H.; Wrasse, C. M.; Figueiredo, C. A. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais S ao Jos e dos Campos, S ao Paulo, Brazil

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SLIDE 1

Characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by TEC map over South America

Barros, D.; Takahashi, H.; Wrasse, C. M.; Figueiredo, C. A.

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais S˜ ao Jos´ e dos Campos, S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil

April/2017

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 1

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SLIDE 2

Outline

  • 1. Introduction

What are plasma bubbles?

  • 2. Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC dTEC

  • 3. Results

Characteristics of plasma bubbles observed by TEC map

  • 4. Summary

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 2

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SLIDE 3

Outline

  • 1. Introduction

What are plasma bubbles?

  • 2. Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC dTEC

  • 3. Results

Characteristics of plasma bubbles observed by TEC map

  • 4. Summary

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 2

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SLIDE 4

Outline

  • 1. Introduction

What are plasma bubbles?

  • 2. Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC dTEC

  • 3. Results

Characteristics of plasma bubbles observed by TEC map

  • 4. Summary

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 2

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SLIDE 5

Outline

  • 1. Introduction

What are plasma bubbles?

  • 2. Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC dTEC

  • 3. Results

Characteristics of plasma bubbles observed by TEC map

  • 4. Summary

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 2

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SLIDE 6

Outline

  • 1. Introduction

What are plasma bubbles?

  • 2. Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC dTEC

  • 3. Results

Characteristics of plasma bubbles observed by TEC map

  • 4. Summary

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 2

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SLIDE 7

INTRODUCTION

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 3

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SLIDE 8

Introduction

What are plasma bubbles? Plasma Bubbles are equatorial plasma irregularities; Are characterized to be a depletion of the ionospheric plasma density along the magnetic field lines; It has serious implication in trans-ionospheric communications and navigation systems.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 4

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SLIDE 9

Introduction

What are plasma bubbles? Plasma Bubbles are equatorial plasma irregularities; Are characterized to be a depletion of the ionospheric plasma density along the magnetic field lines; It has serious implication in trans-ionospheric communications and navigation systems.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 4

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SLIDE 10

Introduction

What are plasma bubbles? Plasma Bubbles are equatorial plasma irregularities; Are characterized to be a depletion of the ionospheric plasma density along the magnetic field lines; It has serious implication in trans-ionospheric communications and navigation systems.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 4

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SLIDE 11

Introduction

Plasma bubbles signatures All Sky imager

EMBRACE

VHF radar

De Paula et al. (2011)

Photometer

Pimenta (2005) Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 5

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SLIDE 12

Introduction

Plasma bubbles signatures All Sky imager

EMBRACE

VHF radar

De Paula et al. (2011)

Photometer

Pimenta (2005) Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 5

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SLIDE 13

Introduction

Plasma bubbles signatures All Sky imager

EMBRACE

VHF radar

De Paula et al. (2011)

Photometer

Pimenta (2005) Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 6

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SLIDE 14

Introduction

Plasma bubbles signatures Rockets - Langmuir probe

Muralikrishna (2006)

Ionosonde

Pimenta (2005) Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 7

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SLIDE 15

Introduction

Plasma bubbles signatures Rockets - Langmuir probe

Muralikrishna (2006)

Ionosonde

Pimenta (2005) Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 7

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SLIDE 16

INSTRUMENTATION AND METODOLOGY

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 8

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SLIDE 17

Instrumentation and Metodology

Measurement limitations Most of the techniques mentioned above are not able to monitor plasma bubbles continuously in a sufficiently large two dimensional area. All-sky imager - Depend on favorable weather conditions; VHF radar and ionosonde - Cannot cover a wide range; Rocket and Satellite - Only in situ measeruments; Rocket - Sporadic launching.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 9

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SLIDE 18

Instrumentation and Metodology

Measurement limitations Most of the techniques mentioned above are not able to monitor plasma bubbles continuously in a sufficiently large two dimensional area. All-sky imager - Depend on favorable weather conditions; VHF radar and ionosonde - Cannot cover a wide range; Rocket and Satellite - Only in situ measeruments; Rocket - Sporadic launching.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 9

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SLIDE 19

Instrumentation and Metodology

Measurement limitations Most of the techniques mentioned above are not able to monitor plasma bubbles continuously in a sufficiently large two dimensional area. All-sky imager - Depend on favorable weather conditions; VHF radar and ionosonde - Cannot cover a wide range; Rocket and Satellite - Only in situ measeruments; Rocket - Sporadic launching.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 9

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SLIDE 20

Instrumentation and Metodology

Measurement limitations Most of the techniques mentioned above are not able to monitor plasma bubbles continuously in a sufficiently large two dimensional area. All-sky imager - Depend on favorable weather conditions; VHF radar and ionosonde - Cannot cover a wide range; Rocket and Satellite - Only in situ measeruments; Rocket - Sporadic launching.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 9

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SLIDE 21

Instrumentation and Metodology

Measurement limitations Most of the techniques mentioned above are not able to monitor plasma bubbles continuously in a sufficiently large two dimensional area. All-sky imager - Depend on favorable weather conditions; VHF radar and ionosonde - Cannot cover a wide range; Rocket and Satellite - Only in situ measeruments; Rocket - Sporadic launching.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 9

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SLIDE 22

Instrumentation and Metodology

Measurement limitations Most of the techniques mentioned above are not able to monitor plasma bubbles continuously in a sufficiently large two dimensional area. All-sky imager - Depend on favorable weather conditions; VHF radar and ionosonde - Cannot cover a wide range; Rocket and Satellite - Only in situ measeruments; Rocket - Sporadic launching.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 9

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SLIDE 23

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC TEC = Total Electron Content TEC =

satellite

  • receiver

Ne · ds TECU = 1016 el´ etrons/m2

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 10

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SLIDE 24

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC TEC = Total Electron Content TEC =

satellite

  • receiver

Ne · ds TECU = 1016 el´ etrons/m2

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 10

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SLIDE 25

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC TEC = Total Electron Content TEC =

satellite

  • receiver

Ne · ds TECU = 1016 el´ etrons/m2

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 10

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SLIDE 26

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC TEC = Total Electron Content TEC =

satellite

  • receiver

Ne · ds TECU = 1016 el´ etrons/m2

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 10

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SLIDE 27

Instrumentation and Metodology

GNSS receivers

GNSS network N◦ of satellites GPS 32 GLONASS 24 Galileo 18 BDS 22 Total 96

  • 80
  • 75
  • 70
  • 65
  • 60
  • 55
  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 80
  • 75
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  • 65
  • 60
  • 55
  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 35
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  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5

  • 35
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  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5

RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS

Longitude (

  • )

Latitude (

  • )

Figueiredo (2017) Square GPS (2017)

Receivers network N◦ of receivers LISN 30 IGS 29 RAMSAC 67 RBMC 101 Total 227

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 11

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SLIDE 28

Instrumentation and Metodology

GNSS receivers

GNSS network N◦ of satellites GPS 32 GLONASS 24 Galileo 18 BDS 22 Total 96

  • 80
  • 75
  • 70
  • 65
  • 60
  • 55
  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 80
  • 75
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  • 55
  • 50
  • 45
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  • 35
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  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5

  • 35
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  • 25
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  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5

RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS

Longitude (

  • )

Latitude (

  • )

Figueiredo (2017) Square GPS (2017)

Receivers network N◦ of receivers LISN 30 IGS 29 RAMSAC 67 RBMC 101 Total 227

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 12

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Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map

  • 80
  • 75
  • 70
  • 65
  • 60
  • 55
  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 80
  • 75
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  • 60
  • 55
  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
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  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5

  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5

RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS RBMC RAMSAC LISN IGS

Longitude (

  • )

Latitude (

  • )

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 13

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SLIDE 30

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 13

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SLIDE 31

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 13

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SLIDE 32

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map analysis TEC map can cover almost whole South America and monitor TEC variability. The spatial resolution varies from 50-500 km. TEC map has a time resolution

  • f 10 minutes.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 14

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SLIDE 33

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map analysis TEC map can cover almost whole South America and monitor TEC variability. The spatial resolution varies from 50-500 km. TEC map has a time resolution

  • f 10 minutes.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 14

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SLIDE 34

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map analysis TEC map can cover almost whole South America and monitor TEC variability. The spatial resolution varies from 50-500 km. TEC map has a time resolution

  • f 10 minutes.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 14

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SLIDE 35

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map analysis Linear fitting over the minimum TEC values; Latitudinal extension; Inclination = angle between the linear fitting and the geomagnetic field line.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 15

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SLIDE 36

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map analysis Linear fitting over the minimum TEC values; Latitudinal extension; Inclination = angle between the linear fitting and the geomagnetic field line.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 15

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SLIDE 37

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map analysis Linear fitting over the minimum TEC values; Latitudinal extension; Inclination = angle between the linear fitting and the geomagnetic field line.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 15

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SLIDE 38

Instrumentation and Metodology

TEC map analysis Linear fitting over the minimum TEC values; Latitudinal extension; Inclination = angle between the linear fitting and the geomagnetic field line.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 15

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SLIDE 39

Instrumentation and Metodology

Keograms A keogram is a collection of west-east slices of TEC maps displayed in a longitude vs time diagram.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 16

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SLIDE 40

Instrumentation and Metodology

Keograms A keogram is a collection of west-east slices of TEC maps displayed in a longitude vs time diagram.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 16

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SLIDE 41

Instrumentation and Metodology

Keogram analysis Zonal drift velocity vel = x(ti) − x(ti−1) ti − ti−1 [m/s] Distance between adjacents bubbles Dis = (xi − xi−1)[km]

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 17

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SLIDE 42

Instrumentation and Metodology

Keogram analysis Zonal drift velocity vel = x(ti) − x(ti−1) ti − ti−1 [m/s] Distance between adjacents bubbles Dis = (xi − xi−1)[km]

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 18

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SLIDE 43

Instrumentation and Metodology

Keogram analysis Zonal drift velocity vel = x(ti) − x(ti−1) ti − ti−1 [m/s] Distance between adjacents bubbles Dis = (xi − xi−1)[km]

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 19

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SLIDE 44

Instrumentation and Metodology

We repeate this metodoly for eight different latitudes.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 20

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SLIDE 45

Instrumentation and Metodology

Keograms We can investigate latitudinal gradients in zonal velocities and distances in a large spatial range.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 21

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SLIDE 46

Instrumentation and Metodology

Keograms We can investigate latitudinal gradients in zonal velocities and distances in a large spatial range.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 21

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SLIDE 47

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASMA BUBBLES OBSERVED BY TEC MAP

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 22

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SLIDE 48

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

TEC map data base TEC map data were analyzed between 11/2012 and 01/2016; Total of 597 nights; Several plasma bubbles simultaneously.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 23

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SLIDE 49

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

TEC map data base TEC map data were analyzed between 11/2012 and 01/2016; Total of 597 nights; Several plasma bubbles simultaneously.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 23

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SLIDE 50

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

TEC map data base TEC map data were analyzed between 11/2012 and 01/2016; Total of 597 nights; Several plasma bubbles simultaneously.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 23

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SLIDE 51

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

TEC map data base TEC map data were analyzed between 11/2012 and 01/2016; Total of 597 nights; Several plasma bubbles simultaneously.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 23

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SLIDE 52

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Frequency of occurrence of plasma bubbles The largest number of plasma bubbles extends from September to March; No occurrence of plasma bubbles can be seen from May to August due to the plasma bubbles criteria discussed.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 24

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SLIDE 53

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Frequency of occurrence of plasma bubbles The largest number of plasma bubbles extends from September to March; No occurrence of plasma bubbles can be seen from May to August due to the plasma bubbles criteria discussed.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 24

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SLIDE 54

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Frequency of occurrence of plasma bubbles The largest number of plasma bubbles extends from September to March; No occurrence of plasma bubbles can be seen from May to August due to the plasma bubbles criteria discussed.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 24

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SLIDE 55

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Latitudinal extension of the plama bubbles and apex height The extensions are larger in January and December; 88% of cases the plasma bubbles can develop up to 20◦S.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 25

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SLIDE 56

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Latitudinal extension of the plama bubbles and apex height The extensions are larger in January and December; 88% of cases the plasma bubbles can develop up to 20◦S.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 25

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SLIDE 57

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Latitudinal extension of the plama bubbles and apex height The extensions are larger in January and December; 88% of cases the plasma bubbles can develop up to 20◦S.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 26

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SLIDE 58

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Latitudinal extension of the plama bubbles and apex height The extensions are larger in January and December; 88% of cases the plasma bubbles can develop up to 20◦S.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 26

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SLIDE 59

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Zonal drift velocities Zonal velocities present a clear latitudinal gradient; v = 123 m/s at the Equator; v = 65 m/s at 35◦S latitude.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 27

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SLIDE 60

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Zonal drift velocities Zonal velocities present a clear latitudinal gradient; v = 123 m/s at the Equator; v = 65 m/s at 35◦S latitude.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 27

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SLIDE 61

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Zonal drift velocities Zonal velocities present a clear latitudinal gradient; v = 123 m/s at the Equator; v = 65 m/s at 35◦S latitude.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 27

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SLIDE 62

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Zonal drift velocities Zonal velocities present a clear latitudinal gradient; v = 123 m/s at the Equator; v = 65 m/s at 35◦S latitude.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 27

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SLIDE 63

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inter-bubble distances Inter-bubble distances present a clear latitudinal gradient; d = 920 km at the Equator; d = 640 km at 30◦S latitude; Distances greater than 2000 km at the Equator.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 28

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SLIDE 64

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inter-bubble distances Inter-bubble distances present a clear latitudinal gradient; d = 920 km at the Equator; d = 640 km at 30◦S latitude; Distances greater than 2000 km at the Equator.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 28

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SLIDE 65

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inter-bubble distances Inter-bubble distances present a clear latitudinal gradient; d = 920 km at the Equator; d = 640 km at 30◦S latitude; Distances greater than 2000 km at the Equator.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 28

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SLIDE 66

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inter-bubble distances Inter-bubble distances present a clear latitudinal gradient; d = 920 km at the Equator; d = 640 km at 30◦S latitude; Distances greater than 2000 km at the Equator.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 28

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SLIDE 67

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inter-bubble distances Inter-bubble distances present a clear latitudinal gradient; d = 920 km at the Equator; d = 640 km at 30◦S latitude; Distances greater than 2000 km at the Equator.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 28

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SLIDE 68

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines Geomagnetic field lines; θ+ = Tilted to the West; θ− = Tilted to the East.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 29

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SLIDE 69

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines Geomagnetic field lines; θ+ = Tilted to the West; θ− = Tilted to the East.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 29

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SLIDE 70

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines Geomagnetic field lines; θ+ = Tilted to the West; θ− = Tilted to the East.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 29

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SLIDE 71

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines Geomagnetic field lines; θ+ = Tilted to the West; θ− = Tilted to the East.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 29

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SLIDE 72

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines

Nov./2012 − Jan./2016 Months Jan Fev MarAbr Mai Jun Jul Ago Set OutNovDez −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 10 12

Inclinaton (°)

In general, inclination of the plasma bubbles is larger in January and December; ∇U = U(0◦) - U(25◦S); Good agreement with the monthly averaged zonal wind gradient calculated from the HWM14.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 30

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SLIDE 73

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines

Nov./2012 − Jan./2016 Months Jan Fev MarAbr Mai Jun Jul Ago Set OutNovDez −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 10 12

Inclinaton (°)

In general, inclination of the plasma bubbles is larger in January and December; ∇U = U(0◦) - U(25◦S); Good agreement with the monthly averaged zonal wind gradient calculated from the HWM14.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 30

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SLIDE 74

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines

Nov./2012 − Jan./2016 Months Jan Fev MarAbr Mai Jun Jul Ago Set OutNovDez −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 10 12

Inclinaton (°)

In general, inclination of the plasma bubbles is larger in January and December; ∇U = U(0◦) - U(25◦S); Good agreement with the monthly averaged zonal wind gradient calculated from the HWM14.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 30

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SLIDE 75

Characteristics of plasma bubbles - TEC map

Inclination of the plasma bubbles against geomagnetic field lines

Magnetic inclination vs Zonal wind gradient Months Jan Feb MarAprMay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct NovDec −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 10 12

Inclination (°)

−80 −60 −40 −20 20 40 60 80 Velocity (m/s)

In general, inclination of the plasma bubbles is larger in January and December; ∇U = U(0◦) - U(25◦S); Good agreement with the monthly averaged zonal wind gradient calculated from the HWM14.

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 30

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SLIDE 76

Summary

EPBs occurred mainly from September to March. The latitudinal extension

  • f the EPBs is larger for the months of January and December. In 88% of

the cases the EPBs developed up to 20◦S, indicating that the apex height was of 777 km altitude; EPB zonal drift velocities presented a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 123m/s at the Equator to 65m/s at 35◦S; The inter-bubble distances also showed a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 920 km at the Equator to 640 km at 30◦S; The latitudinal extension of EPBs occasionally presents a significant inclination against the geomagnetic field lines;

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 31

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SLIDE 77

Summary

EPBs occurred mainly from September to March. The latitudinal extension

  • f the EPBs is larger for the months of January and December. In 88% of

the cases the EPBs developed up to 20◦S, indicating that the apex height was of 777 km altitude; EPB zonal drift velocities presented a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 123m/s at the Equator to 65m/s at 35◦S; The inter-bubble distances also showed a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 920 km at the Equator to 640 km at 30◦S; The latitudinal extension of EPBs occasionally presents a significant inclination against the geomagnetic field lines;

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 31

slide-78
SLIDE 78

Summary

EPBs occurred mainly from September to March. The latitudinal extension

  • f the EPBs is larger for the months of January and December. In 88% of

the cases the EPBs developed up to 20◦S, indicating that the apex height was of 777 km altitude; EPB zonal drift velocities presented a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 123m/s at the Equator to 65m/s at 35◦S; The inter-bubble distances also showed a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 920 km at the Equator to 640 km at 30◦S; The latitudinal extension of EPBs occasionally presents a significant inclination against the geomagnetic field lines;

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 31

slide-79
SLIDE 79

Summary

EPBs occurred mainly from September to March. The latitudinal extension

  • f the EPBs is larger for the months of January and December. In 88% of

the cases the EPBs developed up to 20◦S, indicating that the apex height was of 777 km altitude; EPB zonal drift velocities presented a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 123m/s at the Equator to 65m/s at 35◦S; The inter-bubble distances also showed a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 920 km at the Equator to 640 km at 30◦S; The latitudinal extension of EPBs occasionally presents a significant inclination against the geomagnetic field lines;

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 31

slide-80
SLIDE 80

Summary

EPBs occurred mainly from September to March. The latitudinal extension

  • f the EPBs is larger for the months of January and December. In 88% of

the cases the EPBs developed up to 20◦S, indicating that the apex height was of 777 km altitude; EPB zonal drift velocities presented a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 123m/s at the Equator to 65m/s at 35◦S; The inter-bubble distances also showed a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 920 km at the Equator to 640 km at 30◦S; The latitudinal extension of EPBs occasionally presents a significant inclination against the geomagnetic field lines;

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 31

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SLIDE 81

Thank you!

Diego Barros — April/2017 plasma bubles observed by tec map 32