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Host Institution
Chewing the fat: Complex beef lipids for metabolic health Dr Emma - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Chewing the fat: Complex beef lipids for metabolic health Dr Emma - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Chewing the fat: Complex beef lipids for metabolic health Dr Emma Bermingham AgResearch Host Institution The future of NZ food exports Commodity vs. added-value Meat industry Grow the NZ red meat sector to reach a nominal annual
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The future of NZ food exports
- Commodity vs. added-value
- Meat industry
“Grow the NZ red meat sector to reach a nominal annual export value of NZ$14 billion by 2025”
Sources: Red Meat sector strategy report (2011); http://portal.beeflambnz.com/tools/export-tool/; Beef+Lamb New Zealand Economic Service
Sheep + cattle numbers are decreasing Meat exports were NZ$6 billion last year
Oct-Feb Mar-Sept
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Who will consumers of red meat be?
- Who are our consumers?
– Who can – and will – pay more? – What will they pay a premium for?
- Attributes of ‘niche’ consumers
– “Provenance”/Environmental – Health
Source: KPMG Agribusiness Agenda (2013) Volume 3 “Evolving a truly consumer-centric industry”
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What is red meat?
Source: Knowles et al 2004 NZ Vet J 52, 342, Beef+Lamb NZ, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
It is more than just an iron source…
The “Ironmaidens”
It is more than a cancer scare…
A serving of meat gives you…
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…Chewing the fat…about fat…
Good vs bad fats?
Saturated Unsaturated Omega-3 Omega-6
The fat-fad
Ancel Keys – Father
- f Lipid Hypothesis
1961 The war on Fat & Cholesterol goes global 1984 Acknowledging they got it WRONG 2014
Grass vs Grain Complex lipids
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The grass-fed story
Source: Daley et al 2010 Nutr J 9, 10
- Grass-fed meat has higher
– Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (C18:2) isomers – Trans vaccenic acid (TVA) (C18:1 t11) [a precursor to CLA] – Long-chain omega-3 (n-3; DHA, EPA) – Stearic fatty acid (C18:0) [cholesterol neutral fatty acid]
- Grass-fed meat has lower
– Myristic (C14:0) [cholesterol elevating fatty acid] – Palmitic (C16:0) [cholesterol elevating fatty acid]
- Complex lipids?
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What are complex lipids?
Bioactive lipids/Polar lipids/Phospholipids
- Two main groups:
– Glycerophospholipids
- Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
- Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
- Phosphatidylinositol (PI)
- Phosphatidylserine (PS)
– Sphingolipids
- Sphingomyelin (SM)
- Membrane-bound
– Plants/animal products
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Health benefits of complex lipids
- Fatty acids vs. complex lipids?
– n-3 PUFA as phospholipids are more effective at “preserving a healthy metabolic profile”
- Reduce cholesterol absorption
– Rodents – Humans (3+ g complex lipids/day)
- Dietary source of complex lipids may be important
– Milk – Eggs – Meat?
Sources: Rossmeisl et al 2012 PlosONe 7, e38834; Noh & Koo 2003 J Nutr 133, 3571; Kellet er al 2013 Eur J Nutr 2013 52, 1169
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Red meat contains complex lipids
The health impacts of these lipids are unknown
Subbaraj, Fraser & Bermingham, unpublished
Lipid class Meat sample
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COMPLEX LIPIDS FOR ENHANCED METABOLIC HEALTH
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The Opportunity
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death -
consumers are aware of the importance of the diet in reducing CVD risk
- Cholesterol absorption is a known risk factor in CVD
- Milk and egg complex lipids reduce cholesterol absorption
– An opportunity for red meat?
To show a reduction of cholesterol absorption in consumers who eat meat-derived complex lipids
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- Assess the distribution of complex lipids in Wagyu beef
- Design a ‘healthy hamburger’ prototype containing
extracted complex lipids
- Conduct a clinical study with our ‘healthy hamburger’
– Blood cholesterol levels – Cholesterol absorption
- Draft dossier for high-level health claims
The Research
Hypothesis: “that complex lipids extracted from grass- fed beef reduce cholesterol absorption.”
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- Demonstrate health benefits of consuming food product
with complex lipids extracted from NZ grass-fed Wagyu
- Support Firstlight Foods to submit a dossier for a high-
level health claim and meet NZ and in-market regulations
- Contribute towards Firstlight Foods mission:
The Outcomes
“to be the home of the best grass-fed meat in the world”
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CL PE PI PC SPL
Research progress to date
Aim: to understand the location and concentration of complex lipids throughout the Wagyu carcass
Lipid profiling of NZ meat
Progress: Working with FirstLight to understand where we can add value
- Selected animals & tissues for analysis
- Chemical composition planned (May-July 2016)
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