Circular economy and GHG mitigation strategies from Japan: Building - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
circular economy and ghg mitigation strategies from japan
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Circular economy and GHG mitigation strategies from Japan: Building - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 24, 2023 308 likes •554 views

http://www-iam.nies.go.jp/aim/ http://www.nies.go.jp/ Circular economy and GHG mitigation strategies from Japan: Building a Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere to achieve a sustainable society Shuichi Ashina Manager, International

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Circular economy and GHG mitigation strategies from Japan: Building a Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere to achieve a sustainable society

Shuichi Ashina

Manager, International Coordination Office Senior Researcher, Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research National Institute for Environmental Studies E-mail: ashina.shuichi@nies.go.jp

http://www-iam.nies.go.jp/aim/ http://www.nies.go.jp/

International Research Network for Low Carbon Societies 9th Meeting Parallel Session 2-1: National and sectoral strategies for combined material efficiency and GHG mitigation 17 October, 2019 at ENEA Headquarters

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Typhoon Hagibis hits Japan on 12 Oct, 2019, and still has impacts on the wide area of Japan

2019/10/17

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

City Planning in consideration with Climate Change

2019/10/17

3

  • City planning may adjust with consideration both for regional

climate change mitigation actions and regional climate change risk, such as flood, landslides and tsunami.

  • Take risk or avoid risk?

City Planning Regional Low Carbon Actions Risk of Flood

× ×

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Regional Low Carbon Scenario: AIM with Spatial Info.

2019/10/17

4

  • Developed Regional

AIM/Enduse could analyze GHG reductions and mid-/long-term scenarios in region in consideration with spatial distribution of energy demand and supply.

地域熱供給を 導入せず

  • 地区の年間熱需要量
  • 地区の面積

高温未利用熱の近接条件 （中心から5km以上 ） ①年間熱需要密度 ②熱需要密度による 判定 ③未利用熱、再エネ 電・熱の存在判定 ④需要に供給可能な エネルギー量 ⑤エネ消費削減量 ⑥供給機器を導入可 能な需要量 ⑦エネ、CO2削減量 （⑤＋⑥の効果） 終了

  • 地区の年間熱需要密度
  • 地区の面積

熱需要密度の判定基準 需要密度○○TJ/ha以上 排熱の利用割合 熱供給によるロス 系統電力・ガスと比較し た効率向上

  • 熱需要・電力需要あたり

のCO2排出量原単位 供給機器の導入割合

コジェネ 高温未利用熱 需要量・需要密度

EMS・ADR

太陽光発電 風力発電

  • 入力データ

パラメータ 凡例

木質バイオマス

開始 ①年間需要量・エネ ルギー消費量 ③再エネ供給電力 （年間） ④再エネにより代替 される需要量 ⑤ 再エネ導入による エネ、CO2削減量 ⑥ バイオマス供給量 熱量（年間） ⑦ バイオマスにより 代替される需要量 ⑧バイオマスによる エネ、CO2削減量

  • 地区の年間熱需要量

再エネポテンシャル利用エリ アの設定（半径 ○○ km）

  • 太陽光発電・風力発電量

ポテンシャル（空間分布）

  • 木質バイオマス供給可能

量

  • 熱需要あたりのCO2排出

量原単位

  • 電力需要あたりのCO2排

出量原単位 バイオマス供給機器の効率 ② EMS・ADRによる需 要削減・変化量 ★ ★へ 木質バイオマス利用エリア の設定（半径 ○○ km） EMS・ADRによる需要削減率 （拠点毎にEMS・ADRシミュ レーションの結果を利用）

  • 産業・清掃工場の未利用

熱空間分布

◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

◎：他モデルからのインプット

Structure of Regional AIM/Enduse

Spatial Distribution of Energy Demand

200 400 600 800 1000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 コジェネによる熱＋電力供給量 (TJ) 拠点番号 2010 2030 2050

Energy Resources (CHPs, Renewables) GHG reductions in region

  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

2010 2030 2050 CO2削減量[万tCO2]

拠点集約化 再エネ 単体技術 単体技術 集約効果 （需要削減、 事業導入） 拠点集約 化シナリオ BAU （ベースライン） 単体技術 再エネ (PV) 単体技術 ＋再エネ

Energy Demand Energy Resource GHG reductions

slide-5
SLIDE 5

5

Regional CC Impact/Adaptation: A-PLAT/AP-PLAT

2019/10/17

Annual mean temperature Water-stressed population CC Impacts by RCPs

slide-6
SLIDE 6

6

Importance of Circular Economy in Japan: Perspectives from Tokyo Metropolis

2019/10/17

Life cycle carbon footprint of waste management sector, 2011

  • From life cycle perspective, waste management sector of Tokyo Metropolis will reduce 6.86 million

tons CO2e in 2011, 1.12% (61.1 million tons) of total CO2 emissions.

  • Indirect and direct carbon emissions contributed 1.77 million and 2.83 million tons to the carbon

footprint, respectively; the carbon emission reduction from waste recycling is enormous, which is 1.15 million ton CO2.

slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Industries to empower cities by circularization: Case of Kawasaki

2019/10/17

slide-8
SLIDE 8

8

Kawasaki Synergy Network (current situation)

2019/10/17

slide-9
SLIDE 9

9

Evaluation of 90 Circular Facilities in 26 Eco-towns

2019/10/17

Reduction of Virgin Materials; 900,000.ton /yr CO2 Emission Reduction 480,000 t-CO2/yr Circular use ration of by-product 92% Intra-eco-town circulation ratio 61%

CRs procured from within the same Eco Town Plan regions

(830) 64%

CRs procured from outside the Eco Town Plan region but within the prefecture

CRs procured from outside the prefecture

Procurement areas unknown

CRs procured (1,300) 100% CRs utilized (1,200) 92%

Recycling residue disposed of

(470) 36%

Supply areas unknown

(Unit: 1,000 tons) CRs used as energy,

  • r reduced in volume

Resources circulated within the Eco Town Plan regions (580) 45%

Resources circulated outside the Eco Town Plan regions but within the prefecture

FPs/RMs produced (780) 60%

Outside the Eco Town Plan regions but within the prefecture

Outside the prefecture Eco Town Plan regions

Recycling residue disposed of (60) 5%

Resources circulated outside the prefecture

(70) 5% (130) 10% (310) 24% (40) 3% (70) 5% (110)9% (6) 0%

slide-10
SLIDE 10

10

Eco-town area as demonstration project for Sound material cycle society

2019/10/17

Edited by Prof. Fujita, T.，Published by METI,2006 Forming the basis of capacity that totally 2.18 mil t of wastes were treated Distribution of Japanese Eco-towns METI & MOE approved Eco-Town Plans for 26 areas as of the end of January 2006, and they provided financial support to 62 facilities located within the appropriate areas.

Distribution of Total Investment Subsidy projects in 24 Eco- Towns

  • 600mil. US$

Distribution of Total Investment 60 projects in 24 Eco-Towns 1.6 bil. US$

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Combining Circular economy and GHG mitigation: Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (CES)

  • Aims to enhance utilization of regional resources for building a

sustainable society not only within a region but also with neighboring regions.

  • Regional resources including energy (solar and wind), social and

natural resources (culture, climate and communities)

2019/10/17

11

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Schema of The Regional CES: Mandara

2019/10/17

12

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Newest Smart Community underway in Fukushima

2019/10/17

13 JAPAN

Fukushima

Shinchi Town ShinchiTown, Soma-FutabaRegion,FukushimaPrefecture

Population: 8,247 / Households: 2,754 / Area: 46.35 km2 (As ofJan.1st, 2017)

SDGs from Local Energy Business

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Spatial Design under the BaU scenario in 2030

2019/10/17

14 LNG Power Plant LNG base Soma city Newly located industries Plant factories Mega solar

Energy management

Komagamine To Natori New town around Station

Electricity Heat Cool Gas(LNG)

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Spatial Design for the Smart City in 2030

2019/10/17

15

ｘ

Food industries Data center LNG Power Plant LNG base Soma city Newly located industries Newly located industries Plant factories To Natori

Energy management

Electricity Heat Cool Gas(LNG)

Komagamine Mega solar Plant factories New town around Station

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Local Energy Based Urban Rebuilding Project in Fukushima

2019/10/17

16

Sustainable rebuilding projects through collaborative planning among town planning, industrial development and local energy system

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Local Energy Based Urban Rebuilding Project in Fukushima

2019/10/17

17

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Impacts of Regional CES in Shinchi – Application of AIM

2019/10/17

18

BAU scenario vs. SDGs scenario

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Impacts of Regional CES on Population in Shinchi

2019/10/17

19

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Regional CES Mandara in Shinchi

2019/10/17

20

slide-21
SLIDE 21

A Multi-Resolution Approach in AIM

21

  • Different scales but interactive approaches are employed in AIM

Global National Regional City

  • Representative Concentration

Pathways (RCPs)

  • Shared Socio-Economic Pathways

(SSPs)

  • Food hunger risk
  • Low Carbon Scenario
  • Adaptation Strategy
  • Nationally Determined Targets

(NDC)

  • Greenhouse Gas Inventory
70% reduction 6 21 90 36 77 6 1 24 10 13 38 9 7 28 17 41 36 CCS Carbon Capture Storage Change of activity 1990 CO2 Emission 2000 CO2 Emission 2050 CO2 Emission Change
  • f activity
Improvement of carbon intensity
  • f energy supply
Improvement of carbon intensity
  • f end-use
Improvement of energy intensity
  • f end-use
Reduction
  • f demand
Energy demand sector Energy supply sector Industry Transportation Residential & commercial Energy supply Reduction of service demand Improvement of energy intensity Improvement of carbon intensity Reduction of service demand Reduction of service demand Improvement of energy intensity Improvement of energy intensity Improvement of carbon intensity Improvement of carbon intensity Improvement of carbon intensity ・ High economic growth, Increase of service demand per household, Increase of office floor (increase) ・ Servicizing of industry, Decline in number of households, Increase of public transportation (decrease) ・ Fuel switch from coal and oil to natural gas ・ Insulation ・ Energy use management (HEMS/BEMS) ・ Efficient heat pump air-conditioner, Efficient water heater, Efficient lighting equipment ・ Development and widespread use of fuel cell ・ All-electric house ・ Photovoltaic ・ Advanced land use / Aggregation of urban function ・ Modal shift to public transportation service ・ Widespread use of motor-driven vehicle such as electric vehicle and fuel-cell electric vehicle ・ High efficiency freight vehicle ・ Improvement of energy efficiency (train/ship/airplane) ・ Power generation without CO2 emission ・ Hydrogen production without CO2 emission ・ Fuel mix change to low carbon energy sources such as natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy ・ Effective use of night power / Electricity storage ・ Hydrogen (derived from renewable energy) supply ・ Farm products produced and consumed in season
  • Low Carbon Development Plan
  • Low Carbon Actions
  • Adaptation Strategy
  • Regional Energy Potential
  • Low Carbon Town Planning
  • Compact city
  • Project Design
  • Stakeholders Involvement
  • Social Monitoring

2019/10/17

slide-22
SLIDE 22

(2) How to Design Roadmaps/Pathways towards the Regional CES at National/Regional Scale?

Research Questions for Establishing Regional RES

2019/10/17

22

2015 2050 2020 2030

Regional CES Now

2040

(1) What is National/Regional Targets and Actions towards the Regional CES? (3) How to Monitor Progresses and Impacts of Actions towards the SDGs? (3) How to Monitor Progresses and Impacts of Actions (or MRV for Actions) towards the Regional CES? (4) How to Integrate (1) to (3), and the Role of S&T