CITIES, HEALTH AND WELL-BEING NOVEMBER 2011 Hong Kong as an Urban - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CITIES, HEALTH AND WELL-BEING NOVEMBER 2011 Hong Kong as an Urban Experiment The Density Question Anthony Yeh Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning Department of Urban Planning and Design The University of Hong Kong Why is Density

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CITIES, HEALTH AND WELL-BEING NOVEMBER 2011

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Anthony Yeh

Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning Department of Urban Planning and Design The University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong as an Urban Experiment The Density Question

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The University of Hong Kong

Why is Density Important ?

  • Increase in urban population, especially in China
  • Trend in Compact Development
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The University of Hong Kong

High Density Development

  • Advantages：

– Save land, environment, and infrastructure costs – Shorten travel distance, save transport energy – Support mass transit system, low carbon city

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Newman, P. and Kenworthy, J. (1989). Cities and Automobile Dependence: A

  • Sourcebook. Victoria: Gower, Aldershot

and Brookfield.

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

Density of Hong Kong

  • Land Area

1,100 sq km

  • Population

7.10 million

  • Overall Density

6,400 persons/sq km

  • Urban Area Density

20,700 persons/sq km

  • Mong Kok’s Density 110,000 persons/sq km
  • Street Block Density 400- 600,000 persons/sq km
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The University of Hong Kong

High Density Development

  • Advantages：

– Save land, environment, and infrastructure costs – Shorten travel distance, save transport energy – Support mass transit system, low carbon city

  • Disadvantages：

– Crowding – Social pathology

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The University of Hong Kong

High Density and Crowding

  • No direct relationship between social

pathology and high density

  • Crowding is a psychological feeling
  • Chinese culture can tolerate high density
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age socio- economic culture

ROOM FLAT BUILDING STREET BLOCK NEIGHBOURHOOD DISTRICT CITY Open Space Open Space Open Space Open Space Open Space Design Design Layout Layout Layout Layout Layout Community Facilities Community Facilities Community Facilities Community Facilities Community Facilities Management Degree of Sharing

background

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENT

Traffic Traffic Traffic Traffic Traffic

Man and the Urban Environment

COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT DESIGN AND AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT OPEN SPACE TRAFFIC

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The University of Hong Kong

Feeling of Crowdiness

  • Design and layout of buildings and sites
  • Traffic and movement
  • Clean and well managed living and working

environment

  • Cultural and socio-economic background and

habit of a person

  • HK has been quite successful in reducing the

feeling of crowdiness through good planning, design and management

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The University of Hong Kong

High Density ?

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The University of Hong Kong

High Density ?

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Building Density

Low Rise Building High Building Density Less Extended Space Tall Building Low Building Density More Extended Space

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Comparison between Respondents’ Perception on Building Heights between Hong Kong and Singapore

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10-storey 15-storey 20-storey 25-storey 30-storey 40-storey 50-storey 60-storey HK: Not Tall Singapore: Not Tall HK: Singapore: Tall Singapore: very Tall HK: Very Tall

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

Some Measures in Hong Kong in Reducing Crowdiness

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

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Converting Private Space into Public Space

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

Housing Management and Public Education

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Wall Effect

  • Air Ventilation
  • Heat Island
  • Air Quality and Pollution
  • Sun Light

Air Ventilation Assessment

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

Planning, Design and Management of High Density Living

  • High density living environment is more

demanding than low density living environment

  • A small planning and management error will

affect a lot of people

  • Good urban environment cannot totally rely on

good planning – it needs good management

  • Better planning, design, and management can

reduce the negative impacts of high density living

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Thank You

2011

Anthony Yeh

Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning Department of Urban Planning and Design The University of Hong Kong