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CSE5390 & 7390 Special Topics in Ubiquitous and Cognitive Computing lecture one, introduction & history of computing Eric C. Larson, Lyle School of Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Southern Methodist University 1 class

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Special Topics in Ubiquitous and Cognitive Computing

CSE5390 & 7390

Eric C. Larson, Lyle School of Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Southern Methodist University

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lecture one, introduction & history of computing

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class logistics

  • Office Hours: W 12:30-1:30 and by appt / walk-in
  • Course Website and Class Syllabus:
  • http://lyle.smu.edu/~eclarson/ubicomp.html
  • We will use canvas for turning in assignments and discussion

forums!

  • email me the assignment if canvas goes down. same goes for

posting to the discussion forum!

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agenda

  • introductions
  • what is ubicomp?
  • syllabus and what is this course?
  • how to do well
  • goals and questions
  • The History of Computing

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introductions

  • about you:
  • name
  • interest, research area, or specialization
  • something unique about you
  • could be true or false
  • and the class will guess

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introductions

  • education
  • undergrad and masters from Oklahoma State
  • PhD from the university of Washington, Seattle
  • research
  • signal, image, and video processing
  • how can combining DSP

, machine learning, and sensing make seamless computing?

  • natural gestures
  • novel interaction techniques and user interface

technology

  • health
  • moving outside the clinic: how mobile sensing can

help patients and doctors

  • sustainability
  • how technology can increase awareness

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http://eclarson.com

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UbiComp

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  • easy to love... hard to

explain, …but we will try...

  • look at “a day made of

glass” (not all UbiComp):

  • http://

www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6Cf7IL_eZ38

  • previous conferences:
  • www.ubicomp.org
  • www.pervasive.org
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course syllabus

  • Let’s head over to the class website

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first assignment

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Discussion Board Intro and Discussion Leading Preferences Introduce yourself on the message board and include the following information

  • research interests (and/or areas of specialization)
  • what you want to get out of this class
  • your experience with software and hardware
  • anything else you would like to share!
  • topic preferences for leading discussions*

* Indicate which topic/day you would be interested in leading the discussion (select at least three). Discussion leads will present a brief overview of the papers and kick start the discussion with questions to the class.

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how to do well

  • read the papers on the schedule
  • post questions on time (BEFORE 9AM!!)
  • participate in the discussion! ask open ended questions!
  • lead discussion creatively, don’t summarize
  • use visuals and your own experiences, storytelling
  • start papers/projects well in advance
  • take video creation seriously
  • collaborate, collaborate, collaborate

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course goals

  • an exposure to the vision and history of UbiComp and the role of

cognitive computing

  • rapid prototyping skills, both programming and hobbyist
  • communicate complicated or ill formed ideas fluidly
  • see different applications (and research) through a ubiquitous lens:
  • assistive computing, mobile health, sustainability, interaction

techniques, wearable technology

  • get out of your comfort zone!

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a history of computing

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history of computing: agenda

  • history of UbiComp (a history of HCI)
  • catalog a series of HCI paradigm shifts
  • review the key players in UbiComp’s history

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paradigms in interaction

  • paradigm: predominant theoretical frameworks or scientific

world views

  • for example: european paradigm shifts: migration,

renaissance, enlightenment, colonialism, etc.

  • history of computer interaction is divided similarly with

paradigm shifts

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paradigms in interaction

  • most simply,

time productivity

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paradigm: batch processing

  • computer had single, sequential tasks
  • many humans to one computer
  • no true “interaction” after task was started
  • punch cards, tape used to input serial operations

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innovator: Vannevar Bush

  • as we may think (1945)
  • human knowledge has exceeded our ability

to make real use of the records...

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innovator: Vannevar Bush

  • memex
  • stores all human knowledge
  • retrieved by hyperlink
  • microfilm... not computer
  • interactive, nonlinear

http://web.mit.edu/STS.035/www/PDFs/think.pdf

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innovator: J.C.R. Licklider

  • 1960s, man-computer symbiosis
  • “to enable men and computers to cooperate in making decisions

and controlling complex situations without inflexible dependence

  • n predetermined programs.”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMpfmDEC5JQ

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innovator: Ivan Sutherland

  • 1963 PhD Thesis: SketchPad
  • light pen input on screen
  • copy / paste
  • lines and circle drawings
  • perspective and 3D

understanding

  • icons, pictures, sub-

pictures

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA

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paradigm: graphical displays

  • sutherland’s demo is landmark for graphical displays
  • in short: an oscilloscope and camera on a pen
  • gave rise to real time computing, beginning of the end for

batch

  • inspired Douglas Engelbart...

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innovator: Douglas Engelbart

  • the mother of all demos (December 9, 1968)
  • multimedia, high resolution display, windows, shared files,

messaging, teleconferencing, hierarchical hypertext, word processing, revision control, collaborative editing...

  • the mouse

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJDv-zdhzMY

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innovator: Alan Kay (1972)

  • the Dynabook,

notebook computer with multimedia

  • coined the term,
  • bject-oriented

programming

  • metaphor:

desktop,

  • verlapping

window

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paradigm: personal computing

  • power comes through ease of use
  • small, dedicated machine used by one

person

  • personal computers
  • 1974 IBM 5100
  • 1981 Databaster
  • 1981 IBM X-tended Technology (XT),

actually sold!

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paradigm: WIMP and GUI

  • Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers
  • Graphical User Interfaces
  • from time sharing to multi-tasking
  • parallel tasks
  • more familiar GUI

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Xerox Star 1981

  • first “business professional PC”
  • used “desktop,” pointers,

WYSIWYG, consistent, simple

  • based upon usability

engineering

  • paper prototypes
  • usability studies
  • iterative design

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Xerox Star 1981

  • total flop
  • $16,000
  • slow
  • lacked spreadsheet
  • only XEROX programs
  • other text entry PC’s:

$2000

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Apple Lisa 1982

  • copied star
  • more personal, rather

than business

  • $$$, failed

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innovator: Ben Shneidermen

  • direct manipulation
  • object visibility
  • incremental action

(animation)

  • reversibility
  • replace text with action
  • WYSIWYG
  • exploration / undo

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paradigm: metaphor

  • use of computing is problem solving and learning
  • relate computing to real world tasks
  • skeuomorphism design
  • file managed on desktop
  • financial analysis via spreadsheet
  • recycle bin/clipboard/folder
  • literalism vs. magic

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Apple Mac 1984

  • $2500, aggressive price
  • good interfaces, used

metaphors

  • 3rd party applications
  • high quality graphics and

laser printer

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paradigm: hypertext

  • coined by Ted Nelson
  • information is interconnected nodes
  • non-linear browsing structure
  • WWW 1993

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where are we now?

time productivity

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as we may think man-human symbiosis ivan sutherland MoAD personal metaphor hypertext internet

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paradigm: multi-modal input

  • beyond keyboard/mouse/trackpad
  • mode is a human communication
  • not just human senses, e.g., speech vs non-speech audio
  • emphasize simultaneous use of input channels
  • rampant use in video games
  • where else do we see multimodal input?
  • gives rise to ...

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paradigm: speech and agents

  • interface is the mediator for processes, an agent
  • language paradigm
  • how much should it understand?
  • vocabulary, domains, just numbers?
  • how human are we prepared for it to be?
  • HAL, clippy, Siri, Cortana, etc.

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innovator: Mark Weiser

  • “calm technology”
  • everywhere, receding into the background
  • CTO of Xerox PARC
  • father of UbiComp

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paradigm: ubiquitous computing

  • many devices serving in a computationally rich environment
  • cannot neglect the social aspects computing enforces
  • desktops, laptops, PDAs, mobile phones

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what’s next?

time productivity

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as we may think man-human symbiosis ivan sutherland MoAD personal metaphor hypertext internet

ubicomp?

mobile computing? CSCW? Cognitive? Collective?

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the next paradigm shift?

ubiquitous computing mobile computing

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cognitive computing

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For next class...

  • look at the course website and canvas
  • there is an assignment already!
  • pick your preferred discussions, choose at least three!
  • try to do the questions for discussion next class
  • next class: Weiser’s vision
  • remember that these papers were written over twenty years

ago... look up an event that happened the same year to get a better perspective of the timeframe

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Special Topics in Ubiquitous and Cognitive Computing

CSE5390 & 7390

Eric C. Larson, Lyle School of Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Southern Methodist University

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lecture one, introduction & history of computing