CSU WHEAT BREEDING AND GENETICS PROGRAM CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CSU WHEAT BREEDING AND GENETICS PROGRAM CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Scott D. Haley CSU Wheat Breeder Soil and Crop Sciences Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado wheat.colostate.edu

Outline • US Wheat Production Regions, Classes • Breeding Program Objectives • Breeding Methods and Pipelines • Field Sites and Trialing System • Outcomes • Acknowledgements

US Wheat Production Regions West-Central Great Plains “High Plains” Courtesy of US Wheat Associates

Source – nass.usda.gov

Breeding Program Objectives • Grain yield and yield stability - Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury • End-use quality baking properties

NIDIS Upper Colorado River Regional Drought Early Warning System

NIDIS Upper Colorado River Regional Drought Early Warning System

Breeding Program Objectives • Grain yield and yield stability - Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury - Agronomics - plant height, straw strength, maturity, coleoptile length, shattering tolerance - Disease and insect resistance - rusts, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid (RWA) • End-use quality

Stripe rust (yellow rust) Wheat Curl Mite Vector Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) Russian wheat aphid (RWA)

Wheat Stem Sawfly Stem Rust ( Ug-99, Ug-99+ ) Sipha maydis

Breeding Program Objectives • Grain yield and yield stability - Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury - Agronomics - plant height, straw strength, maturity, coleoptile length, shattering tolerance - Disease and insect resistance - rusts, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid (RWA) • End-use quality - Physical, structural - Milling - Dough mixing - Bread baking

‘Snowmass’ Hard White Wheat (2009) Woodrow, Colorado

UltraGrain HP – www.ardentmills.com/ultragrain.html

Breeding Pipeline – “Conventional” Numbers (2015) Crossing 10 Number of Years 0 Two greenhouse cycles/year Crosses – 1,000 combos Feb-March field planting Bulks (yr 1) – 700 pops Bulks (yr 2) – 350 pops Bulk testing Headrows – 30,000 lines Two generations (years) Preliminary – 1,500 lines Yield, test weight, visuals Advanced – 250 lines Elite – 25 lines Line derivation Variety Trial – 5 lines Headrow line selection Line re-selection Other Activities Line testing DNA marker screening Preliminary (2 locations) Quality testing Advanced (7 locations) Disease screening CSU Elite (21 locations) Seed purification/increase Variety Trial (11+3 locs)

Breeding Pipeline – “Fast Track” Cross Development 6-7 Number of Years 0 Elite/elite crosses Three-way crosses (markers) Doubled haploid (DH) - 12 months seed to seed - Markers prior to selection Single seed descent (SSD) - 3 greenhouse cycles - Line selection in field

CSU Wheat Breeding Program

Breeding Pipeline – “Fast Track” Cross Development Numbers 6-7 Number of Years 0 Elite/elite crosses DH ~ 3,000 lines/year Three-way crosses (markers) (60 crosses) 807 selected (2015) Doubled haploid (DH) 1048 selected (2014) - 12 months seed to seed 628 selected (2013) - DNA Markers for selection SSD ~ 5,000 lines (2015) Single seed descent (SSD) 375 selected (2014) - 3 greenhouse cycles 200 selected (2013) - Line selection in field Other Activities Line testing DNA marker screening Observation row (1 location) Quality testing Advanced (3-5 locations) Disease screening CSU Elite (21 locations) Seed purification/increase Variety Trial (11+3 locs)

CSU Winter Wheat Testing Locations 2015-2016 Sedgwick • 23 total field locations, ~19k plots Larimer Logan Phillips - Colorado: 13 dryland, 3 irrigated Weld - Outstate: 5 dryland, 2 irrigated Morgan Uniform Variety Yuma Performance Trial - varied system, management (UVPT, dryland) Washington Irrigated Variety • Colorado – 4 research centers Kit Carson Performance Trial - Akron (USDA-ARS) (IVPT) - Rocky Ford (irrig) Cheyenne Main Breeding Lincoln - Walsh Locations (1999) - Fort Collins (ARDEC, irrig) Kiowa Main Breeding Locations (2003) • 13 locations with cooperating Otero Prowers CSU Elite Trial farmers, most being certified Locations (2007,14) seed growers Baca

Wheat Plot Planter (cable tripping system, no-till capability, starter fertilizer) Wheat Plot Combine (x 2) (single-person operation, on-combine data collection)

CSU Elite Trial Dryland Location Averages (2012-2015)

CSU Wheat Breeding Program Varieties Released since 1973 http://wheat.colostate.edu – Breeding Program (inc variety information) http://csucrops.com – Crops Testing Program http://ramwheatdb.com – wheat variety performance database http://plainsgold.com – variety ownership and marketing

Avery - 59.6 bu/a Byrd - 58.0 bu/a Advantage = +1.6 bu/a (43 trials, 2013-15) Byrd - 55.0 bu/a Hatcher - 50.5 bu/a Advantage = +4.5 bu/a (49 trials, 2009-15) Hatcher - 46.8 bu/a Akron - 42.1 bu/a Advantage = +4.7 bu/a (78 trials, 2001-08, 2014-15) Akron - 42.3 bu/a Vona - 40.9 bu/a Advantage = +1.4 bu/a (35 trials, 1991-95) Vona - 34.5 bu/a Baca - 33.1 bu/a Advantage = +1.4 bu/a (16 trials, 1990-95) 1973 1976 1994 2004 2011 2015

Acknowledgements – Personnel

Acknowledgements – Funding

Questions?