Dana Nicoleta Mihai, Main Licensed Nurse,Clinical Rehabilitation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dana Nicoleta Mihai, Main Licensed Nurse,Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Iasi, Romania

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs)

• diseases of the airways

and other structures of the

• lung. Some of the most

common are chronic

• bstructive pulmonary

disease (COPD), asthma,

• ccupational lung diseases

and pulmonary hypertension

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs)

— In addition to tobacco smoke, other risk factors

include air pollution, occupational chemicals and dusts, and frequent lower respiratory infections during childhood.

— CRDs are not curable, however, various forms of

treatment that help dilate major air passages and improve shortness of breath can help control symptoms and increase the quality of life for people with the disease.

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs)

— Asthma is a chronic, noncommunicable disease

characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person.

— Symptoms may occur several times in a day or week in

affected individuals, and for some people become worse during physical activity or at night.

— COPD is not one single disease but an umbrella term used

to describe chronic lung diseases that cause limitations in lung airflow. The most common symptoms of COPD are breathlessness, or a ‘need for air’, excessive sputum production and a chronic cough.

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs

— Treatments for each chronic respiratory disease vary and

the ideal solution is the reduction and avoidance of risk factors.

— Appropriate management of asthma through medications

like inhaled corticosteroids can control the progression of the disease and reduce deaths.

— COPD is confirmed by a spirometry test, which measures

how much and how quickly a person can forcibly exhale air. Symptoms can be treated through medical and physical treatments; however, with COPD in people who smoke tobacco, the most effective treatment available is the cessation of smoking..

Primary prevention

Primary prevention of CRDs requires the reduction or avoidance of personal exposure to common risk factors, to be started during pregnancy and childhood.

• direct and indirect exposure to tobacco smoke is of primary

importance

• other shared risk factors that should be addressed include low birth

weight, poor nutrition, acute respiratory infections of early childhood, indoor and outdoor air pollutants, and occupational risk factors.

• the population must be fully informed about what constitutes a

healthy lifestyle, such as healthy nutritional habits, regular exercise and avoidance of tobacco, airway irritants and allergens.

• for asthma, primary prevention implies the prevention of

sensitization to factors that might subsequently induce disease.

WHO strategies

Secondary and tertiary prevention

— Early detection of occupational asthma is vital to prevent

further progression and to ensure cost-effective management.

— Although long term decline in lung function may not be

reversible, Asthma, although not curable, is a treatable disease with preventable morbidity.

— It is also a known risk factor for COPD. — Secondary and tertiary prevention involves avoidance of

allergens and non-specific triggers.

— Optimal pharmacological treatment, including the use of

anti-inflammatory medication, has been shown to be cost- effective in controlling asthma, preventing the development of chronic symptoms, and reducing mortality.

WHO strategies

THE NURSE’S ROLE

1.To inform the population about the risk of smoking, exposure to pollutants, allergens, unhealthy diet. 2.To guide patients to smoking cessation counseling programs, to nutritionists and sports instructors, maybe salinotherapy .

• 3. To supervise the way of self-administration of

treatment in patients with pulmonary disorders

Assessment of respiratory function

Types of Pulmonary Function Tests Spirometry Lung Volumes Diffusion Capacity Maximal Respiratory Pressures Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) Arterial Blood Gases Pulse Oximetry Bronchoprovocation Evaluate gas exchange – diffusion capacity and abg.

Preparation for lung exploration

1.Spirometry

Preparation for lung exploration

2.The stress test

Preparation for lung exploration

• 3. Assessment of bronchial hyperreactivity

Preparation for lung exploration

4.Bronchodilation tests

Assement of circulation

• 1. Blood presure TA measurement
• 2. Puls measurement
• 3. Performing the EKG

Drugs administration

How to administer properly

How to administer properly

conclusions

1.The role of nurses is extremely important from the primary prevention to the application of the therapeutic techniques. 2.A great importance is the education for the health of the population, the correct administration of the medication and the prevention of complications of chronic lung diseases.

Keywords for nursing activities

— evaluation — monitoring — administration — education — prevention — help — counseling — guidance

TOGETHER (nurse and patient) we can change habits, mentalities, disease evolutions, THE WORLD!