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Oct 22, 2023 416 likes •971 views

Diversified natural products in Rhododendron formosanum reveal allelochemical and pharmaceutical properties Chang-Hung Chou 1 , Tzong-Der Way 2 , Shang-Jie Tsai 1 , Yun- Lian Jhan 1 and Chao-Min Wang 1 1 Research Center for Biodiversity, China

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Diversified natural products in Rhododendron formosanum reveal allelochemical and pharmaceutical properties

Chang-Hung Chou1, Tzong-Der Way2, Shang-Jie Tsai1, Yun- Lian Jhan1 and Chao-Min Wang1

1Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 2Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical

and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

Chair Professor and Director Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

5th International Conference on Biodiversity

March 10-12, 2016, Madrid, Spain

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Plant Natural Products Play Plant Natural Products Play Important Roles in Plant Ecosystem Important Roles in Plant Ecosystem

Dominance of vegetation Climax species Climax species Mechanism of plant succession Plant productivity Regulation of biodiversity

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Rhododendron formosanum

Endemic specie in Taiwan Small trees to 10 m tall 600~2400 m asl.

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600~2400 m asl. The soil is acidic (pH 4.0) Nitrogen availability is limited

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Dasyueshan site (24°14'6.49"N, 120°57'7.29"E at 1911 m asl.; annual rainfall: 2000–3000 mm)

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A B

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Chou et al., 2010

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Catechin degradation

Chou et al., 2010

Standard Soil ?

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Bacterial flora in soil of R. formosanum Catechin-Utilizing Bacteria

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(A)

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Plants produce an array of chemicals and that many

  • f these chemicals leach into the rhizosphere and

have allelopathic effects on soil conditions, neighbouring plants, and microorganisms. Allelochemicals are utilized as nutrient sources and

Summary Summary

Allelochemicals are utilized as nutrient sources and lead to an increase in the population of the selected microorganisms. Intermediate compounds of biotransformation have synergistic allelopathic effects with the original compounds

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Plant Natural Products Can be Used as Pharmaceutical Agent Anticancer Antioxidant Antioxidant Antibiotic

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Lung cancer and Apoptosis

Lung cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer Nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ∼ ∼ ∼ ∼80% of primary lung cancers Apoptosis, a major form of cell death, is regulated ∼ ∼ ∼ ∼ Apoptosis, a major form of cell death, is regulated by programmed cellular signaling pathways Apoptosis is associated with characteristic morphological changes including the formation of apoptotic bodies, chromatin, and nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation

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Ursolic acid (Major) Rhododendron formosanum leaves

RFL-DCM layer RFL-EA layer RFL-BuOH layer RFL-H2O layer Partition Sillica column & Analysis

HO O OH O OH HO O OH HO

Oleanolic acid Betulinic acid

Bcl2 Bax Caspase-3 Caspase-9

Apoptosis

In the Lung cancer cell AMP K

FASN ACC P mTOR p70S6K P P mTOR P

Lipid synthesis mRNA translation

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Procyanindin A1 Procyanindin B3 Rhodonidin A

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Procyanindin C4 Cinnamtannin D1 Figure 1. Chemical structure of procyanidines from R. formosanum

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Cinnamtannin D1

NSCLC cells

Atg5 p53, p27

Autophagy (cytoprotection)

Akt/mTOR pathway ERK1/2 pathway Atg5 dependent

Apoptosis

3-MA (autophagy inhibitor)

G1-phase cell cycle arrest

p53, p27 CDK 6, Cyclin D1

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Biology Chemistry

Study on Chemical Ecology Needs Multiple Disciplines Study on Chemical Ecology Needs Multiple Disciplines

Allelochemical interaction

Microbiology

interaction

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Rhododendron formosanum released varieties of natural products, such as fatty acids, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids, etc. The aforementioned natural products possess allelopathic, allelochemical, and pharmaceutical properties.

Conclusions Conclusions

allelochemical, and pharmaceutical properties. (-)-catechin and its polymers play a major role in allelopathy and pharmaceutical Catechin converted to protocatechuic acid through microbial transformation plays the most important role in allelopathic effect upon the growth of understory species

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Triterpenoids, namely ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and betulinic acid, perform anticancer activity on non-small- cell lung carcinoma cells at low concentration of 20 M. Procyanidins perform anticancer activity on lung cancer cells and antibacterial activity against certain pathogens.

Conclusions Conclusions

All natural products indicated above are highly potential to be developed into herbicides, fungicide, antibiotics, and pharmaceutical usage. Natural products from Rhododendron formosanum exhibit diverse functions of biodiversity which benefits to human well-being

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National Science Council, Taiwan Research center for biodiversity, China Medical University

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

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Thanks for your attentions