Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of the Impact of a planned Windfarm - - PDF document

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Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of the Impact of a planned Windfarm - - PDF document

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3/30/2011 Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of the Impact of a planned Windfarm on an Isolated Grid Agenda Introduction Simulation Model Description Model Verification Stability Study Model Response Analysis

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3/30/2011 1

Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of the Impact of a planned Windfarm on an Isolated Grid

Agenda

  • Introduction
  • Simulation Model Description
  • Model Verification
  • Stability Study
  • Model Response Analysis
  • Conclusion

24.02.2011 2

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3/30/2011 2

Introduction

  • Our use of PowerFactory:

– Grid connection studies for renewable resource integration. – Assess the need for grid stabilisation. – Solution studies to overcome stability issues.

  • Purpose of present study:

– Windfarm extension on island system. – Create verified simulation model. – Find voltage, frequency or stability issues due to windfarm extension.

  • Purpose of this paper/presentation:

– Show approach for island simulation models – Show the importance of model verification – Show simulation accuracy against real measured data

3

Agenda

  • Introduction
  • Simulation Model Description
  • Model Verification
  • Stability Study
  • Model Response Analysis
  • Conclusion

4

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3/30/2011 3

General Information

  • Island in the Caribbean Sea
  • Pop (2006): 12,106
  • Existing grid - diesel only

Power Station

– 6 heavy fuel oil generators – Power range 0.9-2.7 MW

  • Max. Demand: 8 MW

5

General Information

  • Renewable Integration

– 8 Wind Turbines – No grid stabilisation

  • Model input data

– Wind speed and turbulence factor – Load data

  • System measurements recorded after commissioning in windfarm

substation and at generator terminals

6

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3/30/2011 4

Grid model description

7

  • Grid model

– Sub-model power station – Sub-model windfarm – Sub-model grid

  • Dynamic models for:

– Generator – Wind turbine – Wind profile

  • Model inputs

– Wind speed for WTG – Static consumer loads

Power Station Windfarm

Consumer Group 2 Consumer Group 1 TF1 M ~ WTG Line(4) Line(3) Line(2) Line(1) Line G ~ Generator

Generator model description

  • Dynamic model for the generator

– Droop functionality – Speed and voltage control – Engine model for turbo-lag effects

8

n-Control Elmn*

1

V-Control ElmV*

1

Droop-v * Generator ElmSym*

1 1 2 3 4

Droop-f * Diesel Engine ElmD*

1

f_act u_act Qact fref alpha pt u_set ve n_act Pact

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3/30/2011 5

WTG model description

  • Dynamic model for the wind turbine

– Pitch-controller – Rotor – Damper (Shaft) – Gearbox – ASM

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On-Off ElmOn* Wind-Turbulence ElmDsl Rotor ElmR*

1 2

Damper ElmD*

1 1

Speed Set Point Elmn* Power Set Point ElmP* Gearbox ElmG*

1 1

ASM *

1

Pitch ElmP*

1 2 3 4

pt wind_speed w_rotor M_rotor wa_gen Ma n_act P_act P_set n_set alpha

Agenda

  • Introduction
  • Simulation Model Description
  • Model Verification
  • Stability Study
  • Model Response Analysis
  • Conclusion

10

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3/30/2011 6

Model verification

  • Generator model verification

– On site step load testing – High resolution data recorder – Different load steps (Generator behaves different) – Parameter adjustment in PowerFactory model

  • Wind turbine verification against field data

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50.00 46.00 42.00 38.00 34.00 30.00 [s] 60.50 60.25 60.00 59.75 59.50 59.25 Case3E_Gen7: Frequency in Hz GEN7: Simulated Frequency in Hz

DIgSILENT

Agenda

  • Introduction
  • Simulation Model Description
  • Model Verification
  • Stability Study
  • Model Response Analysis
  • Conclusion

12

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3/30/2011 7

Stability study

  • System construction with verified models
  • Simulation setup:

– WTG limited to max power output – Wind model determines wind speed for WTG – Frequency and voltage control by 1 generator – Other generators in power set point mode

  • Simulation system allocations:

– Simulation duration 360 seconds – Mean wind speed 8m/s with 12% turbulence – No wind park spatial dispersion – Load is constant

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Simulation results

  • Initial model before

commissioning

– Frequency variation 4Hz – Average variation in Power 400kW – Timeframe 360sec

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460.0 388.0 316.0 244.0 172.0 100.0 [s] 64.00 62.00 60.00 58.00 56.00 GEN7: Electrical Frequency in Hz 460.0 388.0 316.0 244.0 172.0 100.0 [s] 2.40 2.00 1.60 1.20 0.80 0.40 GEN7: Active Power in MW

DIgSILENT

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3/30/2011 8

Real System Measurements

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  • Frequency variation

1Hz

  • Average variation in

Power 200kW

  • Timeframe 360sec

Agenda

  • Introduction
  • Simulation Model Description
  • Model Verification
  • Stability Study
  • Model Response Analysis
  • Conclusion

16

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3/30/2011 9

Analysis of model response

  • Generator step response

– Poor measurements for initial step response tests; larger steps were needed to see the full (nonlinear) response of the engine – Resultant model frequency stiffness was lower than reality; this gave the false indication of high frequency variation

  • Wind turbulence factor

– Turbulence factor very difficult to measure – High turbulence factor gave high system frequency variation

  • Wind park spatial dispersion

– Wind park spatial dispersion factor ignored in initial simulations – spatial dispersion factor reduces frequency variation

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After commissioning

  • Simulation response after commissioning and adjustment

– Frequency variation 1Hz – Average variation in Power 200kW – Timeframe 360sec

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460.0 388.0 316.0 244.0 172.0 100.0 [s] 2.40 2.00 1.60 1.20 0.80 0.40 GEN7: Total Active Power in MW 460.0 388.0 316.0 244.0 172.0 100.0 [s] 61.50 61.00 60.50 60.00 59.50 59.00 GEN7: Electrical Frequency in Hz

DIgSILENT

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3/30/2011 10

Model verification results

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Model Wind Turbulence Frequency deviation Real System Unknown 1.0 Hz(peak) Initial modelling of system 12% 4.0 Hz Model after first step load tests 12% 3.0 Hz Model after commissioning 12% 1.5 Hz Different Turbulence 6% 1.0 Hz Wind park model with spatial dispersion 12% 1.0 Hz

Agenda

  • Introduction
  • Simulation Model Description
  • Model Verification
  • Stability Study
  • Model Response Analysis
  • Conclusion

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3/30/2011 11

Conclusion

  • Three main aspects of the paper:

– Dynamic model development

  • Correct design of generator and WTG models

– Parameterization of models

  • Generator model parameters wrong due to measurements

– Input data for the simulations

  • Modeled wind profile correct but turbulence undefined
  • Wind park spatial dispersion
  • Conclusions

– Wide range of generator step tests required for proper model verification – High resolution wind data required for wind profile – Consider other factors such as WTG spatial dispersion, load dynamics, etc.

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