Effectiveness o s of Aerosols for Insect Control in th the Food - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Effectiveness o Insect Control in th

Frank Art USDA-ARS- Manhattan, K

s of Aerosols for the Food Industry

Arthur

• CGHAR

, KS 66502

During This

• You have heard presen

fumigation with MB an

• You will hear talks on i

control

• Where do aerosols fit i

treatments?

This Conference

entations on aspects of and SF n insect monitoring, it in with whole-plant

Aerosols/Fogs/ULV

• Aerosols (Fogs, ULVs)

atomized and applied

• Kill exposed flying or c
• They do not penetrate

packaging, equipment

• Aerosols and fumigant

interchangeably

s/ULV Defined

s) are liquid formulations, ed through a nozzle r crawling insects rate food material, ent, etc. (Not Fumigants) nts sometimes are used

Red flour be Tribolium c ur beetle (RFB) castaneum

Confused flour Tribolium c ur beetle (CFB) lium confusum

Why These

• Common pests of stored
• CFB adults do not fly, R

85°F, minimizes escape

• These species generall
• ther stored product b
• Can do tests with larva

se Species?

• red food

, RFB adults fly at ~ 80- ape into facility erally harder to kill than t beetles rvae as well

Field Trials w

• Questions regarding di

efficacy, and residual p

• Hard to evaluate aeros
• I will discuss results fro

field projects

with Aerosols

dispersion of aerosols, l persistence erosols in lab tests from several different

Field Trial

• Active commercial food
• Tests conducted in one

225’L x 75’W x 35’H (6

Trial # 1

• d storage facility

ne room, approximately (600,000 ft3)

Partial View of t f the Test Room

ULV Sys

• An installed ULV system

dispensed particle size

• Insecticide was a mixtu

synergists, applications to label specifications f

• Trials conducted on 5 d

red flour beetle and th

System

tem on a timer, ze about 15 microns ixture of 1% pyrethrin+ ns were made according s for this formulation 5 different dates with the the confused flour beetle

Methods of

• 15 positions on the floo

(5 on side walls, 5 in cen

• Ten adult CFB and RFB

(lined filter paper); w o 4-week old larvae and

• Dishes exposed to ULV

controls were held in a

• f Exposure

loor of the testing area center, all front to back) FB exposed in dishes

• r w/o 250 mg of flour;

d pupae with flour LV fog for 2 hours, a separate room

Position of Dishes, between wall and p

20 40 60 40 80

1 6 11 1 2 7 12

X

es, sets 1-5 and 11-15 d pallets, X is nozzles

120 160 200

3 8 13 5 10 15 4 9 14

NORTH

X

Fog distribution suspended fro n from 2 nozzles from the ceiling

RFB Adults

Time Af Percentage Response

20 40 60 80 100

Survival KD Mortality

7-day

ults-No Flour

After Exposure

ays 14-days

CFB Adults

Time After Percentage Response

20 40 60 80 100

Survival KD Mortality

7-days

ults-No Flour

ter Exposure

14-days

Adult Survival: F

Beetle % Survival-7 days

5 10 15 20

CFB

Survival: Flour vs No Flour

tle Species

No Flour Flour

RFB

Results

• Presence of the food s

survival after exposure

• Similar to results from

insecticides

• Emphasizes importanc
• However, you can’t co

food sources in a mill

sults

d source increased adult ure to aerosol m studies with contact nce of sanitation completely eliminate all ill or warehouse

Field Trial

• Pyrethrin-pyriproxyfen
• Concrete arenas placed

positions at the floor a

• 4-week old larvae of red

beetles were exposed

• Residual tests every 2

Trial # 2

en (IGR NyGuard) ced in open and closed r and 12-ft high f red and confused flour ed (with flour) 2 weeks for 10 weeks

Concrete Exp xposure Arena

Results

• No adult emergence of
• f the exposure positio

the floor and at 12 ft.

• Residues were active f

complete control of the none made it to the ad

esults

e of either species at any itions (open or closed on

• t. high)

e for up to 10 weeks with the 4-week old larvae, e adult stage

Field Trial

• Same insecticides and

residual tests done at 0

• Ten mixed-sex adult red

exposed for one week

• Adults removed after 1

weeks at 80°F-60% RH

Trial # 2A

d exposure conditions, t 0-10 weeks red flour beetles eek with 300 mg of flour er 1 week, flour held for 6 % RH (standard rearing)

Results

• No differences with ex
• r closed on the floor a
• No differences with week

again active for 10 week

esults

exposure positions (open r and at 12 ft. high) weeks, residues were eeks

More R

• Number of progeny ad

controls averaged 26.0

• Number of progeny ad

averaged 0.07 ± 0.03, week holding period

• 2,732 total adults in th
• nly 8 in the treatmen

Results

adults in untreated 6.0 ± 1.2 adults in treatments 3, even with an extra 4 the untreated controls, ents!

Control rol Arena

Arena Exposed sed to Aerosol

Field Trial

• Active flour mill using

Diacon or 3% pyrethri

• Test involved 4 separa

concentration

• At each replication, tw

dishes with 6 grams o exposed in open area

• Aerosol applied accord

Trial # 3

g either 1% pyrethrin + hrin + Diacon arate replications of each two sets of 54 Petri

• f flour each were

rea of one floor of the mill

• rding to label

Bioass

• The two sets of 54 exp

flour brought back to

• Every two weeks from

treatment one dish fro from freezer-residual t

• 3 grams from each dis

containing 0.5 grams

assays

exposed dishes with the

• lab and held in freezer

m 0-16 weeks post- from each set removed l test of aerosol deposit dish divided into 6 dishes s

Bioassays

• At each bioassay, 10 4

beetle larvae were put

• 10 4-week-old confused

put in each dish (60 to

• Untreated controls als

bioassay on flour not ex

assays 2

0 4-week-old red flour ut in each dish (60 total) used flour beetle larvae total) also set up for each t exposed to the aerosols

Untreated

• Virtually 100% emergen

in the untreated contro

• Few or no morphologi

immatures or adults

• No differences at any
• Controls excluded from

d Controls

ergence of normal adults trols for both species gical defects in y of the bioassay times rom further analysis

Results

• Emergence of adult red

to 1.5% for both the 1 Diacon, at all bioassay

• Confused flour beetle

tolerant to the aerosol

• Results similar to other
• Reduced emergence o

adults at the 3% pyret

ults 1

red flour beetles was 0 e 1% and 3% pyrethrin + ays, for 16 weeks le was much more sol mixture her studies with IGRs e of confused flour beetle rethrin-unexpected

Confused Fl

Weeks Post-

2 4 6 8

% Adult Emergence

20 40

1% PY+D 3% PY+D

* *

Flour Beetle

st-Treatment

10 12 14 16

* * * *

Results

• Seemed to be an addi

insecticides

• Confused flour beetle
• Excellent residual effic
• Additional research on

different packaging m

sults

ditive effect of the two le more tolerant species efficacy of the aerosol

• n aerosol deposition on

materials

Results 2-Morpho

• Generally showed up ea

beetle compared to th

• For the red flour beetl
• ccurred in the larval
• For confused flour beet
• ccurred in the pupal
• Greater effects with th

Diacon compared to th

hological Defects

p earlier in the red flour the confused eetle, most defects al stage eetle, most defects al and adult stages the 3% pyrethrin + the 1% - unexpected

Both Sp

% Dead Larvae

10 20 30 40

1% PY+D 3% PY+D

CFB

Species

RFB

Both Sp

% Arrested Larvae

10 20 30 40 50

1% PY+D 3% PY+D

CFB

Species

RFB

Both Sp

% Arrested Larvae/Pupae

1 2

1% PY+D 3% PY+D

CFB

Species

RFB

Both Sp

% Dead Pupae

10 20 30

1% P Y +D 3% P Y +D

C FB

Species

R FB

Summ

• Aerosol insecticides can

commercial facilities

• They can replace but p

all whole-plant treatmen

• We need much more res

sites and commercial fa

mary

can be effectively used in t probably not eliminate ments re research in actual field l facilities

For More Info

• frank.arthur@ars.usda.

www.ars.usda.gov/npa

• Phone: 785-776-2783
• www.ars.usda.gov/npa

nformation

da.gov pa/gmprc/spiru/arthur pa/gmprc/spiru