Emergence of virus from nature depends on: Virological factors, such - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Emergence of virus from nature depends on: Virological factors, such - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 14, 2024 131 likes •581 views

Emergence of virus from nature depends on: Virological factors, such as permissive cells & tropism, vial rate of replication & mutation, host Immune response, viral stability in the environment, type of infection acute or persistence,

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Emergence of virus from nature depends on:

Virological factors, such as permissive cells & tropism, vial rate of replication & mutation, host Immune response, viral stability in the environment, type of infection acute or persistence, presence of intermideiray hosts, vectors & reservoirs and the capacity of a virus to get established on a human transmission web. Usually related with anthropogenic activities and environment changes as: Others factors can increase the risk for emergence EID from a zoonotic pool, such as, local biodiversity being impacted by anthropogenic degradation (i.e., Intensification of agriculture, urbanization, deforestation, human encroachment on wildlife habitat, wildlife consumption, etc.).

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Bats, yes… but what else we may be missing!

Are we under-surveilling viruses?

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  • Distinct biomes are under anthropogenic

degradation:

  • 1. Intensification of agriculture
  • 2. Intensification of livestock production
  • 3. Deforestation
  • 4. Irrational urbanization
  • Brazil is in the map of local global hotspot

for EID!!!!

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Worldwide Dis istribution of the Aedes aegypti: controlling Earth’s mid field…. a hard match ahead.

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 Bussuquara virus (BSQV)  Cacipacoré virus (CPCV) Rocio virus (ROCV)  Iguape virus (IGUV)  Ilhéus virus (ILHV)  Naranjal virus (NJLV)  West Nile virus (WNV) Dengue virus (VDENV)

  • VDEN-1
  • VDEN-2
  • VDEN-3
  • VDEN-4

 Yellow fever virus (YFV)  Zika virus (ZIKV) Further undesired newcomers?: Usutu virus (USUV. Rift Valley fever (RVFV), Koutango (KV), Barkedji (BJV), WNV LII (of 8), etc., Spondweni (SPOV), among many others.

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Early detection and control efforts reduce disease incidence in people (light blue) and animals (dark green). Spillover arrows show cross-species transmission.

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Pardini MIdMC, Jamal LF, Durigon EL, Massad E, Perez JF, et al. (2008) Boosting Virology in Brazil. PLOS Biology 6(3): e57. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060057 https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060057

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*

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DENV-3 samples were from genotype V

  • Genotype III has been the most prevalent in Brazil.

However, genotypes I and V were associated with dengue outbreaks in Brazil.

  • Cryptic circulation of DENV-3 in the region?

A new introduction from Asia? Q: “What is the A. aegypti lineage in Santos?” R: “Singapore”!

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Blue: epidemiological situation. Yellow: source reduction initiatives in shantytowns started. Red: insecticide

‘Control Operations’ on DENV 4 in 2013/14: Julian explains to Odimara what a NS1 positive patient means… And she just got it!

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Overlaying brain sizes

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Midnight oil: MOI calculation for ZIKV infection in 3D-systems… A few weeks before publication!

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Urban YFV Vectors: Ae. Aegypti, Ae. Albopictus

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YFV distribution, here & there

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4

MS MG

14/06/2016 02/02/2016 16/09/2016 30/05/2016 18/05/2016 25/08/2016 20/05/2016 02/02/2016 20/04/2016 21/04/2016 11/05/2016 18/07/2016 03/08/2016 Fev/2016 Abr/2016 21/09/2016 21/09/2016 jun/16 15/09/2016 22/09/2016 24/09/2016 26/09/2016 28/09/2016 03/10/2016 03/10/2016 29/09/2016 30/09/2016 Set/2016 Fev/2016

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Synapomorphies that define YFV_SP_2108

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Thank you for the nice slides Gustavo!