Energy Challenge after Historic Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nov 22, 2023 49 likes •249 views

Energy Challenge after Historic Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan Shinji FUJINO Head of Country Studies Division International Energy Agency(IEA) Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge Tsunamis 14 meters

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Energy Challenge after Historic Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan

Shinji FUJINO Head of Country Studies Division International Energy Agency(IEA)

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TOKYO■ ■ ■ ■

Earthquakes: M - 9.0 quake (March 11) M - 7 class 5 times M - 6 class 63 times M - 5 class 335 times Tsunamis 14 meters or higher Fukushima Dai-ichi

Faces

Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge

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automatic shut down cold shut down Unit 1 524 MW, 1984- Unit 2 825 MW, 1995- Unit 3 825 MW, 2002- Unit 1 460 MW, 1971- Unit 2 784 MW, 1974- Unit 3 784 MW, 1976- Unit 4 784 MW, 1978- Unit 5 784 MW, 1978- Unit 6 1,100 MW, 1979- Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1982- Unit 2 1,100 MW, 1984- Unit 3 1,100 MW, 1985- Unit 4 1,100 MW, 1987- Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1978- Tokai Dai-ni Onagawa Fukushima Dai-ichi Fukushima Dai-ni

4 Nuclear Power Stations with 14 Units

Periodical inspection

Nuclear Reactors near Epicenter of the Earthquake

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Cause of the Damage All Motion Operated Pumps including ECCS became Inoperable Seawater Pump Elevation: about 10m

Turbine Building

Grid Line ② ② ② ② Diesel Generator Inoperable due to the Tsunami

Diesel Generator

① ① ① ① Loss of Off-site Power due to the Earthquake Reactor Building Seawater level Tsunami (estimated 14m)

About 20M About 40M

Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station

5.4 ~5.7m

SLIDE 5

LOST GENERATION

(in MW)

Nuclear Thermal Total

LNG Oil Coal Total

TEPCO 6 428 1 000 5 150 1 000 7 150 13 578 JAPC 1 100

1 100

Tohoku – EPCO 2 174 446 850 1 000 2 296 4 470 Total 9 702

(9.7GW)

1 446 6 000 2 000 9 446

(9.4GW)

19 148

(19.1GW)

14 March 2011

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Power Generation and Transmission

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Transmission Interconnectors

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Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan

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Power Supply/Demand Plan

Announced by Government of Japan (8 April)

Measures to respond to power shortage in

this summer

Estimated peak demand in TEPCO region

55GW

Available supply capacity by TEPCO

45GW

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Demand Side Measures

Peak demand cut: 10GW in TEPCO region

Large consumers (> 500kW): 25% (mandatory)

Further improving efficiency in manufacturing

process

Installing more energy efficient

machines/equipments

Shifting/shortening working time
Shifting/extending summer holidays etc

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Smaller Businesses (< 500kW): 20% (voluntary measures)

Decreasing cooling
Reducing lighting
Reducing IT equipment
Temperature appropriate clothing etc

Households: 15 – 20 % (Voluntary measures)

Decreasing cooling
Reducing stand-by power
Reducing lighting
Installing more efficient appliances etc

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Supply Side Measures

By summer 2011

Additional capacity: 5GW in TEPCO region

After summer 2011

Continue to restore damaged thermal capacities
Additional new thermal capacities
Accelerate existing plans
Smaller size gas turbines
Strengthen interregional connections
Renewable power capacity
Low carbon technology R&D etc.

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25 Energy Efficiency Recommendations How did implementation compare across member countries in 2009 ?

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Energy Intensity in Japan and in Other Selected IEA Member Countries

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 Australia Canada France Germany Italy Japan United Kingdom United States IEA Total toe per thousand USD of GDP at 2000 prices and purchase power parities

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Energy Supply and Electricity Generation, 2009

Coal 27% Oil 9% Gas 27% Nuclear 27% Hydro 7% Other renewable 3% Coal 22% Oil 43% Gas 17% Nuclear 15% Hydro 1% Other renewable 2%

Total Primary Energy Supply 472 Mtoe Total Electricity Generation 1041 TWh

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IEA Member Countries’ LNG Imports

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LNG Imports by Japan

Source: IEA

2000 2010

In 2000, LNG imported from 8 countries but now from 15 countries-twice as diversified in search for better deals New Exporters: Russia, Nigeria, Egypt…

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Renewable Energy Percentage of Total Primary Energy Supply, 2009

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Biofuels and waste Solar Geothermal Wind Hydro

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Energy Plan of Japan

Energy Security

Double energy self-sufficiency ratio by 2030 (18% in

2009) Environmental sustainability

CO2 emission reduction: 25% below 1990 levels by

2020

Zero emission power generation (nuclear and

renewables): 50% by 2020, 70% by 2030 (34% in 2009)

Nuclear: 9 additional units by 2020

14 additional units by 2030

Renewables: 10% TPES by 2020 (3.5% in 2009)

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Tourism

1. http://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/en/index.html