ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AT A MESO-LEVEL:

PRINCIPLES, LIMITATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF TERRITORIAL LCA

Eléonore Loiseau, Philippe Roux, Guillaume Junqua, Pierre Maurel and Véronique Bellon-Maurel

Congrès [avniR] – Lille – 5 et 6 novembre 2014

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Meso Scale

EIOA / …

Input Output Analysis (IOA) / Partjal equilibrium models / … …

Macro Scale

(Natjonal Economy, Economy-wide) … Multj -region IOA / General equilibrium models / … …

Economique

Environmental

Micro Scale

(“Product-oriented”) Life Cycle Assessment

B r

• a

d e n i n g t h e O B J E C T

• f

A N A L Y S I S B r

• a

d e n i n g t h e O B J E C T

• f

A N A L Y S I S Broadening the SCOPE of INDICATORS Broadening the SCOPE of INDICATORS

Economic Social

Life Cycle Costjng Social Life Cycle Assessment

Needs for adaptjons of the LCA methodological framework

From Guinée et al., 2011

Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results

Broadening the LCA scope

Conclusion

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Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results

What is meso-level?

Conclusion

Lower Micro Upper Micro Upper Meso Lower Meso Macro SCALES of Object of Analysis DIMENSION Politjcal Citjzens Neighborhoods Small regions Regions Natjons Economic Products / Services Productjon processes Sites / Companies Sectors Economy- wide

Territory-

• riented LCAs

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Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results

Territory-oriented LCAs

Conclusion

The territory: a complex and multjfunctjonal system

(Datar 2003, Moine 2006)

Stakeholders Use Develop Manage

Geographical area

Territory-based LCAs

One specifjc actjvity sector

Territorial LCAs

All productjon and consumptjon actjvitjes

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Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results

Territorial LCAs

Conclusion

Territorial LCAs

One specifjc actjvity sector All productjon and consumptjon actjvitjes

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Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

Main botulenecks and adaptatjons*

Conclusion

Phase 2: Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Phase 2: Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Phase 3: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Phase 3: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Phase 4: Interprétation Phase 4: Interprétation Phase 1: Scope and Goal definitions Phase 1: Scope and Goal definitions INDICATORS Consideration of local context MB4 Data collection MB3 FU definition MB1 System boudaries MB2

Sources: ISO 14040 and14044

*Loiseau et al. 2013. Adaptjng the LCA framework to environmental assessment in land planning. Int J LCA 18 (8)

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Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

MB1: Functjonal unit defjnitjon

Conclusion

Function definition of the studied system (i.e. product or service) Function definition of the studied system (i.e. product or service) Inventory & Quantification Inventory & Quantification Environmental Impacts Environmental Impacts Definition of the territory perimeter and the land planning scenario Definition of the territory perimeter and the land planning scenario Territorial LCA Conventjonal LCA Services provided by the territory and a given land planning scenario Services provided by the territory and a given land planning scenario Stakeholders / Experts Scientjfjc and grey literature Defjned by

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SOCIETAL Land Use Functjons

Cohesion Health / Leisure

ENVIRONMENTAL Land Use Functjons

Abiotjc Resources Biotjc Resources From scientjfc and « grey » literature Number of main residences Number of community-based facilitjes Number of secondary residences Accommodatjon capacity of heathcare establishments

(number of beds)

Performance indicators of societal land use functjons Number of dwellings connected to sewage Quantjty of waste locally treated (t) Natura 2000 areas (ha) Number of bird species of community interest Performance indicators of environmental land use functjons

*Pérez-Soba et al. 2008, Banski et al. 2011, MEDDTL (Minsitry of Ecology) 2011 Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

MB1: Functjonal unit defjnitjon

Conclusion

ECONOMIC Land Use Functjons

Productjon Innovatjon / Knowledge Gross Domestjc Product (GDP, €) Utjlized Agricultural land (ha) Shellfjsh productjon (t) Number of working people with higher educatjon Performance indicators of economic land use functjons

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Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

MB2: System boundary defjnitjon

Conclusion

Concept of Total Responsibility* Economic fmows

Potentjal Double countjng

!

Productjon actjvitjes Consumptjon actjvitjes

Economic fmows Economic fmows Economic fmows Geographical boundaries

*Source: Eder and Narodoslawsky 1999

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Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

MB3: Data collectjon

Conclusion

Step 1: Activity inventories (consumption and production) Step 2: Conversion into LCIs Two approaches Botuom- up approach Top-down approach Local data: Statistics, surveys, reports, GIS, … Process LCA (PRO-LCA) National / regional data: Statistics, Reports, surveys, … Environmental Input Output LCA (EIO-LCA) Physical fmows Monetary fmows

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Rest of the world Studied territory Consumption and production activities

« In-site » or directs Impacts

Emissions Resources

« Off-site » or indirect Impacts

Production activities Goods and services Emissions Resources Emissions

Introductjon

‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

MB4: Consideratjon of local context

Conclusion

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Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

Conclusion

• 370 km²
• 117 000 inhabitants
• 14 muncipalitjes
• Aturactjve coastal territory (tourim,

shellfjsh productjon, wine growing, port area)

• The lagoon, a rich ecological heritage

Identjty card

Environmental diagnosis for the year 2010 Implementatjon in the French Mediterranean territory of Bassin de Thau*

*Loiseau et al. 2014. Implementatjon of an adapted LCA framework to environmental assessment of a territory: Important learning points from a French Mediterranean case study. J Clean Prod 80 (1) 17-29

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PRODUCTION A g r i c u l t u r e M a n u f a c t u r i n g I n d u s t r i e s B u i l d i n g F i s h e r i e s / A q u a c u l t u r e E n e r g y I n

• p

l a c e S e r v i c e s E n d

• f

l i f e m a n a g e m e n t T r a n s p

• r

t a n d s t

• r

a g e E x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s O t h e r S e r v i c e s CONSUMPTION Cereals Grappes Orchards Sunflowers Gardening Poultries Shellfish production Fisheries (trawlers, Purse seiners) Bauxite Limestone ICPEs Other industries Wind turbines Cogeneration Incineration Landfill Waste sorting (industrial and hazardous) Activated sludge Lagoon-based treatement Highways Railway Harbor Shops Education Health Medical and paramedical Sport & leisure Personal services Wholesale trade Tertiary activities (lawyers, editors, …) Houses Flats T

• u

r i s t s I h h a b i t a n t s Food, Goods and Services Transport Housing Waste and wastewater manage- ment

Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

System descriptjon

Conclusion

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Actjvity inventory

Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

Data sources

Conclusion

• Actjvity reports: company annual accounts, annual

reports of local authoritjes (e.g. informatjon on public services such as waste and wastewater mangement …)

• Administratjve reports: e.g. prefectoral decisions

for Installatjons Classifjed for the protectjon of the Environment

• Reports or studies: e.g. Regional planning on

energy

• Natjonal, regional or local statjstjcs (INSEE)

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EIO - LCA US IO Table

• 500 products
• more than 1300

environmental fmows Food, good and service consumptjon Manufacturing actjvitjes other than ICPEs More than 250 products and services 21 industrial sectors

PRO - LCA Ecoinvent Surveys Internal reports

Other consumptjon and productjon actjvitjes LCIs

Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

Data sources

Conclusion

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Bassin de Thau France Land use functjons (per inhabitant) Environmental land use functions Economic land use functions Societal land use functions

Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

Land use functjons

Conclusion

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Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

Environmental impacts

Conclusion

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

In- site Ofg- site

Possible overestjmatjon of environmental impacts (double countjng)

!

Climate change Human toxicity Partjculate matuer formatjon Natural land transformatjon Agricultural land occupatjon Urban land occupatjon Terrestrial ecotoxicity Fossil resources Mineral resources

Environmental impacts ReCiPe 2008 V1.07 (Hierarchist)

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Actjvity contributjons to impacts on climate change

49% 27% 5% 12% 29% 54% 11%

Inhab - Food, goods and services Inhab - Housing Inhab - Transport Inhab - Waste management Inhab - wastewater management Tour - Stay Tour - Transport Tour - waste management Tour - Wastewater management

Consumptjon actjvity contributjons Ofg-site In-site

7% 64% 5% 16%

Agriculture Fisheries - Aquaculture Quarrying ICPE Other industries Energy End of life Building In-place services Other services Trasnport - storage

Productjon actjvity contributjons Ofg-site In-site

88%

5%

Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework

Results

Main impactjng actjvitjes

Conclusion

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What is the territorial LCA applicability?  Identjfjcatjon of the main

environmental issues based on a biophysical modelling

 Identjfjcatjon the main actjvity

contributjons

 Identjfjcatjon of burden shifuing  Functjonal approach  No « site-specifjc »

consideratjons

 No consideratjon of certain

environmental themes

INTEREST FEASIBILITY  Approach generic and

reproducible to other french territories:

• Data availability
• Reasonable study duratjon

(around 4-6 months for 1 manpower)

 Stjll missing data  Top-down approach not optjmal

to model manufacturing actjvitjes

Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results

Conclusion

research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment

Environmental impacts

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Introductjon ‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results

Main limitatjons and perspectjves

Conclusion Associatjon between a territory and a land planning scenario (current or prospectjve) TERRITORIAL LCA

Consumption activities Production activities INPUTS OUTPUTS

Provided Services (identjfjed and assessed from literature review) No consideration

• f interactions with
• ther

encompassing territories

3

Consequential LCA Consequential LCA

3 4

Lack of knowledge on certain activities New data acquisition New data acquisition

4

Production activities Consumption activities

5

No stakeholder involvement Implementing a participatory process Double-counting issue

1

Intra-territorial flows consideration Intra-territorial flow consideration

1

« Site-generic » environmental impacts

2

« Site – specific » environmental impacts

2

« Site – specific » environmental impacts

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Think globally (Life Cycle) … Act locally! “It is betuer to be roughly right than precisely wrong” John Maynard Keynes