Environmental assessment of current and future electricity supply - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
environmental assessment of current and future
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Environmental assessment of current and future electricity supply - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 07, 2023 111 likes •240 views

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments Environmental assessment of current and future electricity supply technologies for Switzerland Christian Bauer, Roberto Dones, Thomas Heck and Stefan

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

LCM 2007 Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 1

Environmental assessment of current and future electricity supply technologies for Switzerland

Christian Bauer, Roberto Dones, Thomas Heck and Stefan Hirschberg

28.8.2007

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 2 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Content

  • Context & Introduction
  • Technology overview
  • Environmental assessment: comparison of technologies based on

different aggregation methods

  • Eco-Indicator 99
  • External costs
  • Environmental area of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for

sustainability assessment

  • Conclusions
slide-3
SLIDE 3

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 3 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Context & Overview

  • 1. Choice of 18 current & 18 future (year 2030)

power supply technologies → development of LCA inventories (ecoinvent as background database)

  • 2. Use of LCA results to characterize their environmental performance in a

„Multi Criteria Decision Analysis model“ → calculation of a „sustainability index“, based on indicators (environment, social aspects, economy) & individual or group preferences (weighting) Assessment was carried out in collaboration with other scientific institutes and a major Swiss utility

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 4 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Technologies: Overview

Fossil Nuclear Renewables

Hard Coal Generation II ** Hydro Supercritical Generation III (EPR) ** Run-of-river IGCC Reservoir Natural Gas Biomass Combined Cycle * Biogas

  • Comb. Heat & Power

Synthetic NG (from wood) Fuel Cell (SOFC) Wind

  • nshore, CH & D
  • ffshore, DK

Photovoltaic mc-Si a-Si Geothermal

* Only results for base-load in Switzerland prensented ** Only results for reactors in Switzerland prensented

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 5 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments 6 5 903 776 423 386 628 534 543 450 3 3 4 4 75 35 121 96 1615 1013 10 9 6029 4925 4525

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

g (CO2-eq.)/kWh

Results: GHG emissions, year 2000 & 2030

year 2000 year 2030

N u c l e a r H a r d C

  • a

l , G e r m a n y N a t u r a l g a s , C C N a t u r a l g a s , C H P N a t u r a l g a s , S O F C H y d r

  • ,

r u n

  • f
  • r

i v e r H y d r

  • ,

r e s e r v

  • i

r B i

  • g

a s , C H P S N G , C H P W i n d ,

  • n

s h

  • r

e , C H W i n d ,

  • n

s h . , G e r m a n y W i n d ,

  • f

f s h . , D e n m a r k P V , m c

  • S

i P V , a

  • S

i G e

  • t

h e r m a l

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 6 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Results: Eco-indicator 99 (H,A), year 2030

0.0E+00 5.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.5E-02 2.0E-02 2.5E-02 3.0E-02 3.5E-02 4.0E-02

N u c l e a r , E P R H a r d C

  • a

l , I G C C , D N a t u r a l g a s , C C N a t u r a l g a s , C H P N a t u r a l g a s , S O F C H y d r

  • ,

r u n

  • f
  • r

i v e r H y d r

  • ,

r e s e r v

  • i

r B i

  • g

a s , C H P S N G , C H P W i n d ,

  • n

s h

  • r

e , C H W i n d ,

  • n

s h . , G e r m a n y W i n d ,

  • f

f s h . , D e n m a r k P V , m c

  • S

i P V , a

  • S

i G e

  • t

h e r m a l EI99(H,A) points / kWh (2030) Climate change

  • Resp. inorganics

Land use Carcinogens Acidification/ Eutrophication Ecotoxicity Radiation

  • Resp. organics

Ozone layer Fossil fuels Minerals

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 7 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Results: External costs, year 2030

0.0E+00 2.0E-03 4.0E-03 6.0E-03 8.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.2E-02 1.4E-02 1.6E-02 1.8E-02 2.0E-02 2.2E-02 2.4E-02

N u c l e a r , E P R H a r d c

  • a

l , I G C C , D N a t u r a l g a s , C C N a t u r a l g a s , C H P N a t u r a l g a s , S O F C H y d r

  • ,

r u n

  • f
  • r

i v e r H y d r

  • ,

r e s e r v

  • i

r B i

  • g

a s , C H P S N G , C H P W i n d ,

  • n

s h

  • r

e , C H W i n d ,

  • n

s h . , G e r m a n y W i n d ,

  • f

f s h . , D e n m a r k P V , m c

  • S

i P V , a

  • S

i G e

  • t

h e r m a l

Euro 2000 / kWh SO2, NOx, PM, Heavy metals Radioactive Emissions NMVOC Greenhouse Gases

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 8 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Environmental Indicators for MCDA

PDF: Potentially Disappeared Fraction (of species)

CONSUMPTION of RESOURCES Fossil Primary Energy MJ/kWh Uranium kg/kWh Metals kg (Sb-eq.)/kWh CLIMATE CHANGE Greenhouse Gas Emissions kg (CO2-eq.)/kWh EFFECTS on ECOSYSTEMS Land use PDF*m2*a/kWh Ecotoxicity PDF*m2*a/kWh Acidification & Eutrophication PDF*m2*a/kWh Release of Hydrocarbons (severe acidents) t/kWh Land contamination (severe acidents) km2/kWh WASTE Non radioactive waste PDF*m2*a/kWh Radioactive Waste m3/kWh

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 9 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Results: Environmental part of MCDA, year 2030

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Nuclear, EPR Hard Coal, IGCC, D Natural gas, CC Natural gas, CHP Natural gas, SOFC Hydro, run-of-river Hydro, reservoir Biogas, CHP SNG, CHP Wind, onshore, CH Wind, onsh., Germany Wind, offsh., Denmark PV, mc-Si PV, a-Si Geothermal

Sustainability Index

Consumption of Resources Climate Change Effects on Ecosystems Waste

Equal weighting

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 10 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Comparison of environmental ranking (2030)

High Medium Low

Environmental performance*

* Interval in scoring of best and worst technology is divided into 3 classes: High > 90% of max; Med = 10-80%; Low <10%

10% 80% 10%

Best score Worst score

EI'99 (H,A) External Costs MCDA (environment) year 2030 Nuclear, EPR Hard Coal, IGCC, D Natural gas, CC Natural gas, CHP Natural gas, SOFC Hydro, run-of-river Hydro, reservoir Biogas, CHP SNG, CHP Wind, onshore, CH Wind, onsh., D Wind, offsh., DK PV, mc-Si PV, a-Si Geothermal N. Fossil Renewables

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Christian Bauer, 28.8.2007, 11 LCM 2007

Technology Assessment (GaBE) Labororatory for Energy Systems Analysis The Energy Departments

Conclusions

  • Environmental technology ranking can be relatively stable for the shown

assessment methods and roughly match MCDA ranking:

  • Swiss hydro power: overall best environmental performance
  • Most new renewables and nuclear: comparable, good performance

▫ SNG: worse performance than other new renewables

  • Fossil systems: worst score

▫ Natural gas: superior to coal

  • Alternative assessment methods or weighting of criteria may change the

ranking

  • Complete sustainability assessment must also include social and economic

criteria