Environmental Performance Review of South Africa Simon Upton - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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environmental performance review of south africa
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Environmental Performance Review of South Africa Simon Upton - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 28, 2022 115 likes •403 views

Environmental Performance Reviews Environmental Performance Review of South Africa Simon Upton Director, Environment 3 December 2013 Environmental Performance GDP per capita Reviews USD/capita (2005 prices and PPP) 16,000 14,000

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SLIDE 1

Environmental Performance Reviews

Simon Upton Director, Environment

3 December 2013

Environmental Performance Review

  • f South Africa
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SLIDE 2

Environmental Performance Reviews

GDP per capita

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 USD/capita (2005 prices and PPP) Chile Turkey Mexico Brazil China South Africa

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SLIDE 3

Unemployment

Environmental Performance Reviews

5 10 15 20 25 30 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 % labour force Chile Turkey Brazil Mexico South Africa

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SLIDE 4

Environmental Performance Reviews

Energy mix

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Mtoe

Energy supply by source 1995-2010

Nuclear Natural gas

Oil

Renewables Coal and coal products

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SLIDE 5

CO2 emissions and economic growth

Environmental Performance Reviews

AUS CAN CHL FRA DEU ITA JPN KOR POL ESP TUR GBR USA BRA RUS SOUTH AFRICA

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  • 1

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 Change in income 1995-2009) ZONE 1: No decoupling ZONE 2: Relative, but no absolute decoupling

ZONE 3: Absolute decoupling Change in demand-based CO2 emissions (%, 1995-2009)

Demand-based CO2 emissions vs. income, OECD countries

BRIICS world OECD

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SLIDE 6

100 200 300 400 500 600 1990 2000 2005 2008 2010

GHG emissions by sector

Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste Other

Mt CO2 eq

But emissions decreased only after 2008

Environmental Performance Reviews

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SLIDE 7

5 10 15 20 25 30 TUR ESP CHN BRA ITA FRA ZAF GBR JPN POL DEU RUS CAN USA AUS

t/inhab.

OECD

GHG emissions per capita are higher than Brazil, China and many OECD countries

Environmental Performance Reviews

GHG emissions per capita, 2010

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SLIDE 8

But the emission intensity is high

Environmental Performance Reviews

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 FRA ESP GBR ITA JPN DEU TUR USA CAN POL AUS BRA ZAF CHN RUS

kg/USD (2005 prices and PPP)

GHG emissions per unit of GDP, 2010

OECD

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SLIDE 9

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Concentrations of PM10 Micrograms per m3, 2009

Environmental Performance Reviews

Air quality

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SLIDE 10

Environmental Performance Reviews

Environmentally related tax revenue

2 4 6 8 10 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 % As % of GDP and tax revenue % of GDP % of total tax revenue 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 By tax base Energy products Transport Other

ZAR billion (2005 prices)

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SLIDE 11

Environmental Performance Reviews

Environmentally related taxes

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 2011 2000

% * 2010 data

as % of GDP , 2000 and 2011

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SLIDE 12

Environmental Performance Reviews

Petrol prices

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

selected G-20 and sub-Saharan countries, 2012

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SLIDE 13

Environmental Performance Reviews

Fuel taxation

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Tax rates on road fuels on a CO2 emission basis, 2012

Petrol Diesel

EUR/tonne CO2

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SLIDE 14

Environmental Performance Reviews

Estimated fossil fuel consumption subsidies

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 USD billion USD billion Electricity Oil (right scale)

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SLIDE 15

Environmental Performance Reviews

Electricity prices in selected countries

5 10 15 20 25 2012 2011

USD cents/kWh

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SLIDE 16

Municipal waste generation

Environmental Performance Reviews

250 500 750 1000 ZAF POL JPN CHL KOR CAN TUR ESP FRA GBR ITA DEU AUS USA

kg/cap.

Per capita, 2011

OECD

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SLIDE 17

Material productivity

Environmental Performance Reviews

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

%

% change 1995-2008

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

USD/kg

Material productivity, 2008

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SLIDE 18

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Renewable water resources

Environmental Performance Reviews

Per capita, 2011

2 4 6 8 10

1 000 m3/inhab.

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SLIDE 19

Environmental Performance Reviews

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 CAN AUS CHL GBR DEU FRA MEX POL JPN TUR ZAF ESP ITA BEL

% OECD

Freshwater abstraction as % of renewable resources, 2010

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SLIDE 20

Environmental Performance Reviews

Water use

Irrigation 62% Industry 7% Public water supply 23% Other uses 8%

South Africa

Irrigation 42% Industry 8% Public water supply 15% Other uses 35%

OECD

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SLIDE 21

Environmental Performance Reviews

Quality of freshwater

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Mountain stream Upper foothill Lower foothill Lowland river % of river ecosystem types

CR EN VU LT

CR: critically endangered, EN: endangered, VU: vulnerable, LT: least threatened

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SLIDE 22

Water supply and sanitation

Environmental Performance Reviews

20 40 60 80 2001 2007 2011 Percentage of households with access to piped water Piped water inside dwelling/yard Piped water outside yard No access

%

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SLIDE 23

Environmental Performance Reviews

Water supply and sanitation

20 40 60 80 2001 2007 2011 Percentage of households with access to sanitation Flush toilet connected to sewerage Pit toilet without ventilation Pit toilet with ventilation Bucket toilet system Flush toilet with septic tank Chemical toilet None

%

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SLIDE 24

Environmental Performance Reviews

Access to environmental services

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

%

Waste collection Sewerage and sanitation Water supply

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Threat Status Level

Environmental Performance Reviews

Biodiversity and economics of ecosystem services

Ecosystems and habitats

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Environmental Performance Reviews

Protected areas, 2011

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 TUR IND KOR ZAF CAN ESP AUS MEX USA ITA JPN FRA CHL COL POL NZL BRA GBR DEU

% of total area

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SLIDE 27

Environmental Performance Reviews

Ecosystem services

Ecosy cosyst stem em ser service ce ZAR m mill llion p per ye year USD m mil illion per ye year Grazing 18 094 2 349 Natural resources 4 895 635 Bioprospecting 178 23 Carbon sequestration 8 649 1 123 Pollination 5 684 738 Erosion control 8 319 1 080 Flow regulation 440 57 Water treatment 202 26 Blackfly control 77 10 Crop pest control 4 380 568 Nursery value 976 127 Tourism 21 000 2 727 Scientific 15 2 Total value of selected ecosystem services 73 000 (or 3-5% of GDP) 9 465