Facial expressions of emotion P. Ekman and H. Oster Presentation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Facial expressions of emotion

Presentation by: Nikki Branderhorst, Vera Hijkoop & Wei-Hsi Lin

• P. Ekman and H. Oster

CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES AND THE ISSUE OF UNIVERSALITY

• Emotions are labelled the same way regardless of culture.
• Members of different cultures generally show the same facial expressions of emotion

○ Culture-specific display rules

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES

• Imitation of facial movements
• Preschool children know the most common facial

expressions

• Social communication

ACCURACY

• Facial expressions of emotion can provide accurate information about emotional states
• Facial expressions can be disguised
• Individual differences

FACIAL FEEDBACK

• Self- attribution theory
• Overt facial expression

○ Subjects showed less intense facial expression when they were told that they were being observed. ○ People are more likely to smile when interacting with others than when they are alone (Fernández Dols & Ruiz Belda, 1995; Fridlund, 1991).

POSITIVE POINTS

• Extensive literature review on several relevant topics on research on facial expression of emotion
• Include relevant criticisms, unanswered questions & suggestion for further research structured by

topic

CRITICISM (on research topic and paper)

• Self-reported emotion is subjective
• “Artificial” emotion in lab settings
• Influence of posture and voice is often not considered
• The reviewers Ekman & Oster may be subjective in reviewing their own work.

RESEARCH QUESTION

“Do people show emotions through facial expression differently toward robots than towards humans? ”

• Previous study about robot & human emotion focus on robots
• Combine the findings of current study

○ People convey emotion through facial expression ○ Facial expressions can be disguised or manipulated in social interaction

• Generalize to human-robot interaction?

RESEARCH QUESTION

Method

• Between-group design
• Dependent variable: emotional intensity & facial expression
• Independent variable: human / humanoid robot / technical robot
• Procedure

a. Watch a video clip b. Self-reported emotional intensity evoked by the clip c. Describe the plot and feelings to a person / humanoid robot / technical robot d. Record facial expression & self-reported emotional intensity about the conversation

RESEARCH QUESTION

Expected results

• People disguise or manipulate emotions in social situations (Graaf, 2016).
• People show more genuine intensity in facial expressions of emotion when communicating with a technical

robot

• Facial expression are less aligned with the emotion they reported when interacting with human / human-

like robot

RESEARCH QUESTION

• Conclusion

○ Research on a robot’s ability to express emotion, the perception of a robot’s facial expression and facial expression recognition (

Bartlett, littlework, Fasel & Movellan, 2003) has been studied extensively in the

HTI domain recently. It would be interesting to explore how people show emotions and intensity of these emotions through facial expression towards robots.