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fast-growing tree species in northern Europe Lars Rytter, Rose-Marie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
fast-growing tree species in northern Europe Lars Rytter, Rose-Marie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Grey alder ( Alnus incana ) a complement to other fast-growing tree species in northern Europe Lars Rytter, Rose-Marie Rytter, Lars-Gran Stener IPC is in the process to include more genera with fast-growing deciduous species into their
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Alders in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Black alder (A. glutinosa) Grey alder (A. incana)
Hultén 1950
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Idea: A complement to Populus and Salix species for production of energy wood and for C capture.
Populus/Salix Grey alder
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Advantages with grey alder:
- can withstand harsh climate
Christersson & von Fircks 1984
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Advantages with grey alder:
- tolerance to low pH conditions
Ericsson & Lindsjö 1981 Shoot weight (g fw)
Without nutrient addition
Grey alder Birch
Substrate pH Shoot weight (g fw)
Salix Poplar
Sennerby-Forsse 1982
- does not attract
browsing animals
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Advantages with grey alder:
- is fixing atmospheric N2
- c. 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1
- a native species
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Disadvantages with grey alder:
- almost no breeding has been performed
- unattractive wood for pulp
- lower productivity than selected Salicaceae species
New breeding population
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Breeding work:
- Seed collection
- Research sites
Lat., °N Country Sweden Estonia Latvia Total 56 10 10 57 17 12 29 58 43 21 3 67 59 6 4 10 60 30 30 61 20 20 62 11 11 63 21 21 64 10 10 65 11 11 66 1 1 67 2 2 Total 182 25 15 222
Number of trees for respective country and latitude.
Rytter & Stener 2015
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Breeding work:
- Research sites
Rytter & Stener 2015
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Stand age (yrs)
10 20 30 40 50 60
Above-ground woody biomass (g DM-2)
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Grey alder productivity – the current situation:
Stand age (yrs)
10 20 30 40 50 60
Above-ground woody biomass (g DM-2)
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Stand age (yrs)
10 20 30 40 50 60
Above-ground woody biomass (g DM-2)
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Stand age (yrs)
10 20 30 40 50 60
Above-ground woody biomass (g DM-2)
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Rytter & Rytter 2016
Peak production was reached after 10–15 years with 5.5 tons DM ha-1 yr-1
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Current grey alder total production:
From Rytter & Rytter 2016
Biomass production Accumulated Annual mean Distribution
(15 years) (Mg ha-1) (Mg ha-1 yr-1) (%)
Stem, branches and stump 82.2 5.48 47.5 Leaves 28.3 1.88 16.4 Coarse roots 18.6 1.24 10.8 Fine roots 43.4 2.89 25.1 Root nodules 0.4 0.03 0.2 Total 172.9 11.52 100 By adding 18 % breeding effect (given from birch estimates) MAI is estimated to 6.5 tons DM of AGWB ha-1 yr-1 at 10–15 years age
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Tree fraction Standing C sequestration Distribution C stock
- f C sequestration
(15 years) (Mg ha-1) (Mg ha-1 yr-1) (%)
Stem, branches and stump 41.1 2.74 68.3 Coarse roots 9.3 0.62 15.5 Root nodules 0.2 0.01 0.2 Undecomposed leaf litter 1.1 Fine root standing mass 0.8 SOC 9.6 0.64 16.0 Total 62.1 4.01 100
Current C capture:
From Rytter & Rytter 2016
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Where can grey alder be used in the Nordic and Baltic countries? Forest land
~61 million ha, no estimate of availability
Agricultural land
560,000 ha available (Rytter & Rytter 2016)
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Potential for production and C capture on abandoned agricultural land:
Country Area Production Energy supply C capture (ha) AGWB (GWh yr-1) (Mg yr-1) (Mg yr-1) Sweden 50,000 325,000 1,700 235,000 Norway 60,000 390,000 2,050 280,000 Finland 4,000 25,000 150 20,000 Estonia 140,000 910,000 4,750 660,000 Latvia 130,000 845,000 4,450 600,000 Lithuania 180,000 1,170,000 6,150 850,000 TOTAL~ 560,000 3,670,000 19,000 2.6 Tg C yr-1
From Rytter & Rytter 2016
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