Gerard del Rosario Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Gerard del Rosario Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)

DAY 1: SMART GRIDS TABLE 2: REGULATORY CHALLENGES AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIGITIZATION PROCESS, DEMAND SIDE RESPONSE (DSR) AND RES INTEGRATION

INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL “SMART GRIDS AND SMART CITIES” Barcelona, 6-8 June 2017

• The growing share of variable

generation in Europe is increasing the need for flexibility in the electricity system.

• In this context, aggregation offers

the opportunity to exploit the flexibility potential of smaller customers connected to distribution networks. Map of Explicit Demand Response development in Europe 2017 (Source: SEDC)

Aggregator: key enabler of flexibility from small customers

FLEXIBILITY SERVICES FLEXIBILITY SERVICES FLEXIBILITY SERVICES FLEXIBILITY SERVICES

AGGREGATOR

PROSUMERS

• Three possible market uses for the

aggregator’s flexibility:

Procurement of balancing services (capacity) and activation of balancing energy by the TSO to balance demand and supply through the balancing energy market. Network constraints resolution in all timescales, maintaining reliability and quality of service at TSO and DSO levels. Typical constraints refer to thermal ratings, voltage violations, fault levels and transient stability issues.

• 1. Balancing markets
• 2. Constraints management

at transmission and distribution level

Long term (grid planning and forward markets) Day ahead energy/capacity markets Intra-day energy/capacity markets Real time

Used by market players to meet their energy obligations in the market at minimum costs by arbitrating between generation and demand response on all different time horizons.

• 3. Portfolio optimization

Aggregator functionalities

Prosumers portfolio

1 Consumption Forecasting

• Historical data
• Weather forecast

2 Consumer Segmentation

Average consumer per cluster Divides the consumers to groups with similar consumption patterns

3 Flexibility Forecast Tool

Simulates the behaviour of every average consumer under different price and volume signals. Obtains the aggregated response for the whole clusters.

4 Market forecasting

Forecast the market price

• f

sold and purchased electricity.

€

Methodologies rely on statistical and financial analyses of the markets.

• Base Load Profile
• Modified Load Profile per request
• Optimal Incentive Policy per request
• Market price
• Reliability of the clusters

Calculates the optimal incentive and bidding policy in order to maximize the profits

• f

the Commercial Aggregator.

5 The Commercial

Optimal Planning Tool

Participates in the markets

Aggregator concept and its interactions

Other market participants Other market participants Commercial Aggregator

Purchase / Sale bids

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator (CA) Wholesale Market Other market participants

Bilateral contracts

Balancing and Congestion Management flexibility market

Sale flexibility bids

Transmission System Operator (TSO)

Requests for flexibility activation Flexibility procurement for balancing and transmission congestion management purposes

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator Distribution System Operator (DSO)

Flexibility procurement for distribution congestion management purposes Requests for flexibility activation Flexibility activation validation request (when activation comes from TSO or third parties)

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator Consumers / Prosumers

Requests for flexibility activation (price and volume signals) TSO/DSO coordination for flexibility validation and activation purposes Market clearing Market clearing Market clearing Market clearing Purchase / Sale bids

Day-ahead Aggregator algorithm interaction

Other market participants Other market participants Commercial Aggregator

Purchase / Sale bids

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator (CA) Wholesale Market Other market participants

Bilateral contracts

Balancing and Congestion Management flexibility market

Sale flexibility bids

Transmission System Operator (TSO)

Requests for flexibility activation Flexibility procurement for balancing and transmission congestion management purposes

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator Distribution System Operator (DSO)

Flexibility procurement for distribution congestion management purposes Requests for flexibility activation Flexibility activation validation request (when activation comes from TSO or third parties)

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator Consumers / Prosumers

Requests for flexibility activation (price and volume signals) TSO/DSO coordination for flexibility validation and activation purposes Market clearing Market clearing Market clearing Market clearing Purchase / Sale bids Flexibility Market clearing

Real-time Aggregator algorithm interaction

Other market participants Other market participants Commercial Aggregator

Purchase / Sale bids

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator (CA) Wholesale Market Other market participants

Bilateral contracts

Balancing and Congestion Management flexibility market

Sale flexibility bids

Transmission System Operator (TSO)

Requests for flexibility activation Flexibility procurement for balancing and transmission congestion management purposes

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator Distribution System Operator (DSO)

Flexibility procurement for distribution congestion management purposes Requests for flexibility activation Flexibility activation validation request (when activation comes from TSO or third parties)

Commercial Aggregator Commercial Aggregator Consumers / Prosumers

Requests for flexibility activation (price and volume signals) TSO/DSO coordination for flexibility validation and activation purposes Market clearing Market clearing Market clearing Market clearing Purchase / Sale bids Flexibility Market clearing

Flexibility activation

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union seventh framework program FP7-SMARTCITIES-2013 IDE4L project, under grant aggreement 608860.

Goal: how does an Aggregator manage to allocate flexibility among DERs?

• Emulation of flexibility activation:
• How does an Aggregator manage to allocate

flexibility among DERs?

• Challenge: make the most of performing DERs
• DERs may fail in the delivery of flexibility to the

power systemSome of them will under/over- perform

• In

case

• f

under/over-performance

• f

the aggregated flexibility, how can an Aggregator better adjust the energy delivered during the actual activation time slot?

• For Aggregatorsa better performance reduces

economic losses caused by non-conformity with flexibility product specifications

• For performing DERsthey keep being qualified

for flexibility delivery and potentially may receive higher incomes from flexibility services

• For DSOsreliable demand side flexibility from

aggregated customers adds to other existing flexibilities in the power system and enhances congestion management

DSO Aggregator DERs

1 2 3 7 5 2 6 4 8

• 1: Order of flexibility activation
• 2: Status request (baseline + available

flexibility) and operational status return

• 3: Allocation of flexibility volume among

DERs proportional to their available amounts

• 4: DERs’ activation
• 5: Activation confirmation
• 6: Energy measurements (request and

return)

• 7: Modification of flexibility volume

target for remaining activation period and re-allocation of set points among DERs

• 8: Sending of modified control set points

• Flexibility activation order of -100kW
• The algorithm adjustes flexibility delivery to the activated volume

Modified flex. control set points

Point of common coupling (emulated) Residential load and Photovoltaics (emulated) and Aggregator’s real-time algorithm (simulated) Lithium ion EV battery (second life)

• Unareti Low Voltage and Medium Voltage grid, winter scenario,

peak load, 19:00 (no Photovoltaics production)

• Network reconfiguration causes overloading in network branch
• DSO activates flexibility from Aggregator at congested load area

(-0,1 MW; 15 min)

• Emulated microgrid is connected to load area
• (Baseline ; controllable power) available at microgrid’s Point of

Common Coupling is (0kW; -1,68kW)

• Aggregator sends initial -0,54kW flexibility control setpoint
• Two cases are demonstrated:

– Performing microgrid (-0,53kW after flexibility reallocation) – Under-performing microgrid (wrong flexibility forecast, 0kW after flexibility reallocation)

Modified flex. control set point

Modified flex. control set point

Thank you! Questions 