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Appearance Vs Reality Grant Bartley
Imagine you couldn’t see, hear,
- r feel anything…
Grant Bartley Imagine you couldnt see, hear, or feel anything - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Grant Bartley Imagine you couldnt see, hear, or feel anything - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Appearance Vs Reality Grant Bartley Imagine you couldnt see, hear, or feel anything would you know the world had 3D objects in it? The basic mechanics of hearing The auditory cortex in relation to the ears Some neuronal signalling
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…would you know the world had 3D
- bjects in it?
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The basic mechanics of hearing
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The auditory cortex in relation to the ears
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Some neuronal signalling
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A Neuron
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Molecules at a neuronal synapse
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Axon meets dendrite
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Front Back
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Every sensation you have of the world is created as a result of nervous activity
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Your brain represents reality for your mind
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So what’s in your experience is not the real world itself
≠
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Brain activity enables all thought
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Our brains are in the vats of our skulls
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How can I know I’m not dreaming?
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Descartes (1596-1650)
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ALL our experience – of dreams, or reality – is made up inside our brains!
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Some sensations
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Colours and other sensations are only in our minds, not in things themselves out in the world
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The experience of music ≠ The physical basis of sound
≠
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Sugar isn’t sweet unless someone’s tasting it… (Looks sweet though, doesn’t it?)
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‘Grass is green’ means only that it has the potential to sometimes induce an experience of green
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How could a colour exist without being either seen or imagined?
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What colour is this ball really? What does your answer mean?
?
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The frustration isn’t a property of the car itself
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A BASIC DISTINCTION:
THE WORLD AS IT APPEARS TO US TO BE
≠
THE WORLD AS IT IS IN ITSELF
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What we directly see or experience is
- nly the appearance of things
Reality in itself exists beyond the experience
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Galileo (1564-1642) An early (meta)physicist
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The first set of essential metaphysical distinctions:
1 The primary qualities (intrinsic) of objects – their shape, mass, motion, etc. Vs 2 Their secondary qualities (sensed): their visual appearance, sound, etc
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The second set of essential metaphysical distinctions:
1 The internal world of (your) mind and its contents Vs 2 The external world of physical reality as it is in itself (and, technically speaking, other minds too).
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An essential, if confusing, metaphysical fact:
All our experiences of the external world exist only in our internal worlds
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Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in the external world
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Descartes’ solipsistic question rephrased: How can I know that anything exists beyond my conscious awareness and its contents?
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We perceive ourselves making choices
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≠
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THE DISTINCTION AGAIN: The phenomenal world = the world as it appears to us to be. The noumenal world = the world as it is in itself.
,
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Another appearance of Immanuel Kant
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)
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Plato idealised (427-347 BC)
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Kant: ‘Causality is not a feature of the world as it is in itself’
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Even our perception of how we come to represent the world is itself a representation
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Brain activity models reality for
- ur minds
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Different areas processing vision
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What is the ball really like independent of our experience?
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What is reality really like independent of human experience?
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Western philosophy and science started here