Greening Disease Management in Brazil Eduardo F. Carlos, Ph.D. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Greening Disease Management in Brazil Eduardo F. Carlos, Ph.D. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 28, 2024 459 likes •944 views

Greening Disease Management in Brazil Eduardo F. Carlos, Ph.D. Scientific researcher Laboratory of Biotechnology IAPAR, Cx.P. 481, Londrina-PR, CEP 86001-970, Brazil +55 (43) 3376-2164 efcarlos@iapar.br ~ 85% SP BA SE PR RS Pictures:

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Eduardo F. Carlos, Ph.D.

Scientific researcher Laboratory of Biotechnology IAPAR, Cx.P. 481, Londrina-PR, CEP 86001-970, Brazil +55 (43) 3376-2164 efcarlos@iapar.br

Greening Disease Management in Brazil

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~ 85% SP BA SE PR RS

Pictures: Agropratinha

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Orange at Processing plant gate (Sep. 10, 2010): Araraquara: R$ 15,14 ( US$ 8.20 ) / 90 lb Box Bebedouro: R$ 15,00 ( US$ 8.10 ) / 90 lb Box

Source: Cepea/Esalq/USP (citroscepea@esalq.usp.br )

What is going on ?

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Citrus production...

Total Citrus production

3.1 5.7 22.0 25.1 15.5 9.2 8.9 5 10 15 20 25 30 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2009 2012 Millions of Tons

China USA Brazil

source: FAO Statistics Division, 14 July 2010 ( * 2009 = preliminary) *

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Citrus production...

Total Citrus production

3.1 5.7 22.0 25.1 14.8 11.7 10.7 15.5 9.2 8.9 15.6 14.2 11.3 11.6 5 10 15 20 25 30 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2009 2012 Millions of Tons

China USA Brazil

source: FAO Statistics Division, 14 July 2010 ( * 2009 = preliminary) *

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Citrus production...

source: FAO Statistics Division, 14 July 2010 ( * 2009 = preliminary)

Total Citrus production

3.1 5.7 22.0 25.1 14.8 11.7 10.7 16.1 20.9 22.3 22.9 20.5 20.8 20.5 15.5 9.2 8.9 15.6 14.2 11.3 11.6 5 10 15 20 25 30 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2009 2012 Millions of Tons

China USA Brazil

*

?

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Picture: internet/unknown author ? Used by Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center (CCSM/IAC)

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Pera Valência Hamlin Natal Rangpur lime Others Scion

Rootstock

Others

Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (~ 90 %) Citrus limonia Osbeck (~ 95 %)

Fotos: E.F.Carlos

That imposes small genetic variability: (example in Brazil)

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Pictures: Fundecitrus, E.F.Carlos, outros

Biotic stresses in Brazil

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2004 Araraquara

HLB in SP

March of 2004 CCSM and Fundecitrus

Texeira et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 107, 2005) Colleta-Filho et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 848, 2005) Fotos: E.F.Carlos, 08 Jul 2005

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2004 Araraquara

HLB in SP

March of 2004 CCSM and Fundecitrus

Texeira et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 107, 2005) Colleta-Filho et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 848, 2005) Fotos: E.F.Carlos, 08 Jul 2005

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2004 Araraquara

HLB in SP

March of 2004 CCSM and Fundecitrus

Texeira et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 107, 2005) Colleta-Filho et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 848, 2005) Fotos: E.F.Carlos, 08 Jul 2005

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2004 Araraquara

HLB in SP

March of 2004 CCSM and Fundecitrus

Texeira et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 107, 2005) Colleta-Filho et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 848, 2005) Fotos: E.F.Carlos, 08 Jul 2005

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2004 Araraquara

HLB in SP

March of 2004 CCSM and Fundecitrus

Texeira et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 107, 2005) Colleta-Filho et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 848, 2005) Fotos: E.F.Carlos, 08 Jul 2005

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2004 Araraquara

HLB in SP

March of 2004 CCSM and Fundecitrus

Texeira et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 107, 2005) Colleta-Filho et al (Plant Disease, v.89: 848, 2005) Fotos: E.F.Carlos, 08 Jul 2005

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6 months later (Jan 8, 2006):

Confirmed by PCR

Fotos: E.F.Carlos

And more: Characterization

  • f symptoms

Real Time PCR Distribution in the tree Training scouts

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1) Inspection CDA Sampling analysis, diagnosis,

  • fficial reports

CDA notification Grower 2) Tagging trees 3) Help 4) Corrections

Normative Law number 10, March 18th 2005, “Greening Task Force”:

  • Sep. of 2006: new law, farmers need to do the inspection

2008: new law again, removal of affected blocks

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2005 2006 2004 Espírito Santo do Pinhal Viradouro Cesário Lange Campos Novos Paulista Júlio Mesquita

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Tanabi Cosmorama Parisi Fernandópolis Urânia Santa Albertina % Municipality Araraquara Tambaú São Carlos Descalvado Brotas Matão Sub-Total Others Total Avar. 26.5 11.3 10.0 6.2 6.1 5.9 66.0 34.0 100.0

%

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Levantamento amostral

Blocks with >= 1 + tree 18.6% 24.0% 2008 April 2009 Trees with HLB 0.58% 0.87%

State wide survey

Source: C.Massari et al (Fundecitrus), and prof. J.C.Barbosa (Unesp)

Blocks with >= 1+tree 18.6 24 38.9 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2008 2009 2010 %

24 + 14.9 = 38.9 !!!

Aug 2010 (07Sep.2010) 38.9% 1.87%

  • Obs. just to compare: ~ 50 % of the trees with CVC
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Center 33.10 North 0.10 Northwest 3.67 West 9.99 South 35.93

Levantamento amostral - 2009 Índices por região

Source: C.Massari et al (Fundecitrus), and prof. J.C.Barbosa (Unesp)

Incidence of HLB in São Paulo (and MG)

State wide survey % Blocks with >= 1 + tree : 2009 Average = 24.0% 2010 Average = 38.9% 44.16 21.43 2.47 16.47 61.71

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So, what are growers normally doing now ?

A) With low HLB intensity: following the law (inspection + eradication) + vector control B) With high HLB intensity: many are not following the law + vector control attempting nutritional programs, etc

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Losses caused by HLB in São Paulo

Officially: 511,627 (Sep 5th, 2008) Volunteered: ~ 6 million trees removed (?) If so, total: ~ 6.5 million trees lost Infected but symptomless yet ?

What is the impact?

Actual citrus belt with ~ 200 million trees So, ~ 3.25 % lost in 5 years (+ the asymptomatic trees) Regular grove renew from 6 to 10% per year New citrus area in the Southwestern SP and Northern Paraná

So, regular losses so far, but tremendous risk !!!

HLB effect (“guesstimated”)

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Curitiba Bandeirantes around Londrina Paranavaí Altônia ~ 500 km Cerro Azul

Citrus industry in Paraná (~ 30.000 ha)

Francisco Beltrão Iguassu Falls

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Citrus industry in Paraná (~ 30.000 ha)

Picture: Cocamar Paranavaí

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Citrus industry in Paraná (~ 30.000 ha)

Pictures: E.F.Carlos, P.Emerson, I.Lopes

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Citrus industry in Paraná (~ 30.000 ha)

Pictures: E.F.Carlos, P.Emerson, I.Lopes

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Citrus industry in Paraná (~ 30.000 ha)

Pictures: E.F.Carlos, P.Emerson, I.Lopes

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Citrus industry in Paraná (~ 30.000 ha)

Pictures: E.F.Carlos, P.Emerson, I.Lopes

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Citrus industry in Paraná (~ 30.000 ha)

Pictures: E.F.Carlos, P.Emerson, I.Lopes

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HLB in Paraná

54 counties with HLB (Croce-Filho et al, SEAB/DEFIS/DDSV, 2010), but things are different in Paraná... very low intensity (so far !) 90 % of growers are integrated in some organization (cooperatives, companies, grower association, etc) more political power in agriculture coordinated inspection and management (eradication) properties normally don’t have citrus neighbors psillids are not easily seen

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Some managers and directors:

Foto: E.F.Carlos, Jul 2009

Strong holds also with official institutions: Universities Cooperatives are experienced organization on other commodities…

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Research work on HLB

Need alternatives to grow citrus

New managements and treatments

  • Early productive groves
  • New scions, roostocks, …
  • High density, nutrition, precision agriculture, and

more…

Evaluating germplasm collection

  • Is all really susceptible ?

Building artificial resistence

  • Genetic engineering and biotechnology
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How is our Lab. of Biotechnology “managing” HLB ?

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Foto: E.F.Carlos

Importing germplasm: ~ 400 genotypes for future tests

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Creating transgenics on mature tissues, pioneer work done by prof. L.Vieira et al, IAPAR: After 1 year

Pictures: L.Vieira and his students

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1) Valencia against citrus canker (Vieira and group, 1999-2001)

  • Lytic peptides / attacks bacterial membrane
  • being tested against canker and HLB now

Strategies and actual status

(Vieira’s group)

picture: E.F.Carlos

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Strategies and actual status

(Vieira’s group)

1) Valencia against citrus canker (Vieira and group, 1999-2001) 2) Drought resistant Swingle and Carrizo rootstocks

  • Other rootstocks also: Trifoliata, Flying Dragon, …

Campos et al, 2009

picture: E.F.Carlos

Also less vigour, so potential for high density plantings

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Strategies and actual status

(Vieira’s group)

1) Valencia against citrus canker (Vieira and group, 1999-2001) 2) Drought resistant Swingle and Carrizo rootstocks

  • Other rootstocks also: Trifoliata, Flying Dragon, …

Campos et al, 2009

picture: E.F.Carlos

Also less vigour, so potential for high density plantings

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Strategies and actual status

(Vieira’s group)

1) Valencia against citrus canker (Vieira and group, 1999-2001) 2) Drought resistant Swingle and Carrizo 3) More strategies against HLB

  • Blocking “communication” between bacterial cells
  • Being tested against HLB (no results yet)

picture: E.F.Carlos

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Strategies and actual status

(Vieira’s group)

1) Valencia against citrus canker (Vieira and group, 1999-2001) 2) Drought resistant Swingle and Carrizo 3) More strategies against HLB

  • Orange trees more responsive to HLB (no results yet, but eventually more

susceptible…)

picture: E.F.Carlos

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Strategies and actual status

(Vieira’s group)

1) Valencia against citrus canker (Vieira and group, 1999-2001) 2) Drought resistant Swingle and Carrizo 3) More strategies against HLB

  • RNA interference against HLB and psyllid vector (under construction …)
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Strategies and actual status

(Vieira’s group)

1) Valencia against citrus canker (Vieira and group, 1999-2001) 2) Drought resistant Swingle and Carrizo 3) More strategies against HLB 4) Canopies with higher TSS (total soluble solids)

  • More efficient nutrient uptake
  • Osmotic protection

(no results yet)

picture: E.F.Carlos

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Pictures: internet

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Muito obrigado !!! specially to Conference organization, Renée G. Schneider, Michelle D. Danyluk, Tim M. Spann, and others

Eduardo F. Carlos

efcarlos@iapar.br http://www.iapar.br/