HS 200 HS 200 Philosophy Philosophy Environmental Ethics - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

HS 200 HS 200

►Philosophy

Philosophy

• Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

►Sociology

Sociology

►Economics

Economics

Examination Examination

►Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

►21

21st

st January 20 14 (Tuesday, 11.30)

January 20 14 (Tuesday, 11.30)

►Objective type questions 16 marks

Objective type questions 16 marks

Environmental Philosophy/ Ethics Environmental Philosophy/ Ethics

►Ethics of environment

Ethics of environment

►Duties to ecosystems

Duties to ecosystems

►Duties to future generations

Duties to future generations

►Moral status of non-human animals

Moral status of non-human animals

Why these duties are important? Why these duties are important?

►Use of pesticides

Use of pesticides

►Fertilizer dependence

Fertilizer dependence

►Pollution

Pollution

►Climate Change

Climate Change

►Increasing Human Population

Increasing Human Population

►Loss of species and threats to earth’s remaining

Loss of species and threats to earth’s remaining biodiversity biodiversity

Therefore Therefore

►Rationality, Values and the Environment

Rationality, Values and the Environment

►New Moral Responsibility

New Moral Responsibility

►For example:

For example:

►food security

food security → Mass production → proper → Mass production → proper use of technology, fertilizers,…. use of technology, fertilizers,….

►Water crisis : use of river

Water crisis : use of river

Environment Environment

►Environment as a

Environment as a field field of significance

• f significance

►Environment as an

Environment as an objective

• bjective phenomenon

phenomenon

David Cooper’s “The Idea of Environment” David Cooper’s “The Idea of Environment” 1992 1992

►The Global Environment

The Global Environment

►Largeness of scope…. the biosphere, the order of

Largeness of scope…. the biosphere, the order of things, …. things, ….

►This concept has grown with the idea of

This concept has grown with the idea of cosmopolitanism cosmopolitanism - making people citizen of

• making people citizen of

everywhere. everywhere.

Cooper talks about Cooper talks about Three things Three things

►Animal Welfare and economic justice for the Third

Animal Welfare and economic justice for the Third World World

►Nature as an object of Reverence

Nature as an object of Reverence

►Sense of Oneness

Sense of Oneness

►Realistic account of

Realistic account of no-harm ethical principle no-harm ethical principle with traditional idea of with traditional idea of caring caring one’s environment to

• ne’s environment to

be applied to animals, nature… by endorsing be applied to animals, nature… by endorsing moral moral recognition recognition and understanding their significance. and understanding their significance.

Conceptual Observation Conceptual Observation

►“

“We could perhaps imagine people who lived in We could perhaps imagine people who lived in relation to their natural environment, were at home relation to their natural environment, were at home with it, accepted its ways, benign and hostile, but had with it, accepted its ways, benign and hostile, but had no conception of it other than at its phenomenal level, no conception of it other than at its phenomenal level, for whom therefore the distinction between the for whom therefore the distinction between the environment as lived in and something out there was environment as lived in and something out there was not available.” Nigel Dower (1994: 151) not available.” Nigel Dower (1994: 151)

Environmental Philosophy Environmental Philosophy

►Man, Nature and Value

Man, Nature and Value

• Theory about nature (object and processes)

Theory about nature (object and processes)

• Theory about human beings (over all perspectives on

Theory about human beings (over all perspectives on human life) human life)

• Theory of value & an account of valuation of human action

Theory of value & an account of valuation of human action

• A method (standards the claim – to test, confirm and

A method (standards the claim – to test, confirm and reject) reject)

Form of Moral Extensionism to Form of Moral Extensionism to Ecological Sensibility Ecological Sensibility

►Forms of ecological consciousness

Forms of ecological consciousness

►Radical ways of putting environmental concerns

Radical ways of putting environmental concerns

►Ultimate reconsideration of values

Ultimate reconsideration of values

New ways of forming ethics New ways of forming ethics

►Right

Right

►Good

Good

►Duty

Duty

►Care

Care

►Value to non-human beings

Value to non-human beings

(Aldo Leoplod (1949) (Aldo Leoplod (1949)

►“

“The land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of the The land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, water, plants and animals, community to include soils, water, plants and animals,

• r collectively: the land.”
• r collectively: the land.”

►Need to change the conventional Moral Theory

Need to change the conventional Moral Theory

Shift from anthropocentricism to Life Shift from anthropocentricism to Life centric world view centric world view

►Objectively valuable

Objectively valuable

►Telos

Telos

►Community and systems

Community and systems

►Sense of deep

Sense of deep ecological ecological self self

• Biological, economic and the social

Biological, economic and the social