Human Geography Social Studies 11 What is Human Geography? Human - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Human Geography Social Studies 11 What is Human Geography? Human geography : - The interaction, activity and impact of human populations on the land environment - Sometimes referred to as cultural geography because different cultures
Social Studies 11
Human geography :
human populations on the land environment
geography because different cultures interact and impact the environment in different ways and to different degrees.
about people by making citizens answer questions on a questionnaire
major national census once every ten years to put together information on the population
smaller census to gather information on the population
Demography: is the study of population. Demography: Studies population density, population distribution, dependency ratio, population pyramids, demographic transition models, and population projections. (More on this shortly)
The current population
6,771,396,918 and counting!! The population of the world is growing very, very fast It is estimated that by 2050, the Earth’s human population will be 9.2 billion people!!!
(based upon 2007 statistics)
1. China 1.32 billion people 2. India 1.13 billion people 3. United States 302 million people 4. Indonesia 232 million people 5. Brasil 189 million people
Canada’s population is approximately 33,710,000 people According to Statistics Canada, Canada’s population is growing by one more person every 1 minute and 27 seconds Conversely, someone dies in Canada once every 2 minutes and 13 seconds There is a net migration gain (people move to a new place in Canada) of an additional person every 2 minutes and 1 second.
concentration of human population throughout the world
contain few people.
many people.
habitable environments.
the number of people in an area.
shown as the number of people per square kilometer. Population density = total area population divided by the land area in square miles (or square kilometers)
combined child population aged 0 to 19 and population aged 65 and over to the population 20 to 64 years old.
for every 100 people in the working age population.
In a population - who works and pays taxes? Who uses the services that taxes pay for?
▪ Birth rate: the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 population at midyear. ▪ This is also referred to as the crude birth rate. ▪ The death rate is defined as the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear. Also known as the crude death rate.
Rate of natural increase: Difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate, usually expressed as a percent This rate indicates the population growth for a given country in a given year This figure does not take into account the factors of immigration and emigration
➢ Life expectancy is the average age a person can expect to live to in a particular area. ➢ As a general rule the higher the life expectancy the more healthy (or developed) a country is.
Total fertility rate: Describes the total number of children the average women in a population is likely to have in her life. The number ranges from 7+ children per woman in developing countries in Africa to around 1 child per woman in Eastern European and highly-developed Asian countries.
in a given country that can read and write
that the United Nations uses to tabulate the Human Development Index (HDI)
Quality of Life is a term used to measure well-being. Indicators are used to represent the most important aspects of a person’s life (called domains), which include: housing, education, employment and household finances.
▪ The Human Development Index (HDI) is an index promoted by the United Nations and used to rank countries by the level of "human development”, as a: developed country, developing country, or underdeveloped country. ▪ The human development index is calculated using three basic indicators: life expectancy, adult literacy rate, and the gross domestic product (GDP)
graph that attempts to show how population changes as a country develops.
➢ Stage #1: Pre-Modern ➢ Stage #2: Urbanization/Industrialization ➢ Stage #3: Mature/Industrial ➢ Stage #4: Post Industrial ➢ Stage #5: Deindustrialization
stage indicates a balance between birth rates and death rates
population growth
very low
caused by the decline in the death rate while the birth rate remains high, or perhaps rises slightly
numbers due to improved medical and scientific advances to sustain and improve life
towards stability through a decline in the birth rate
by stability
has become older
below death rates
Some responses to population growth include: – Advances in technology – Family Planning and controlling population growth rate – Increased resource base – Improved literacy rates – Opportunities for women
economic welfare.
goods and services, usually measured by per capita income or per capita consumption, calculated in constant dollars, to satisfy wants rather than needs.
are supposed to measure is an individual matter, per capita availability of goods and services in a country is a measure of general welfare only if the goods and services are distributed fairly evenly among people.
an accurate one because…
and capital goods
account
economic goods and services that are not measured in GDP at all
income measures into a common currency
⌖ First Nations living conditions or quality of life ranks 63rd, or amongst Third World conditions, according to an Indian and Northern Affairs Canada study that applied First Nations-specific statistics to the Human Development Index created by the United Nations. ⌖ Canada dropped from first to eighth as the best country in the world to live primarily due to housing and health conditions in First Nations communities. ⌖ The First Nations’ infant mortality rate is 1.5 times higher than the Canadian infant mortality rate
providing countries in need with aid
followed by the spread of disease in their aftermath. Eg: Indonesian Tidal wave in 2004
construction of adequate housing, infastructure, and mechanisms
support of family units
too few jobs for low income groups
lead to starvation and disease
that will earn enough to support family
reduced wages and the undercutting of their resources in
to significant portions of the population with limited access to decent medical support.
and services and eventually leads to reliance upon foreign aid
under-developed and developing countries
are not directly connected to government and are non-profit agencies that provide aid and services to under-developed countries
human rights violations
well as rely upon public donations to fund their activities
Oxfam, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Save the Children, and World Vision
foreign countries
encouraging development and progress
program gives financial aid to under-developed countries in Africa, the Middle East, the Americas, Asia and some countries in central and eastern Europe
directly from government to government (bilateral), by supporting non-government
sector initiatives or multilateral organizations (UN, WHO, UNICEF) efforts
Agency (CIDA) supports foreign aid projects in over 100 of the poorest countries in the world
countries
human rights, gender equality, democracy/good government, infastructure, and environmental protection and education
spread of infectious diseases
member countries who work on vaccination campaigns,technical assistance, surveillance programs, research, and development into methods of control and vaccines for a variety
measles,hepatitis, AIDS/HIV, Ebola Virus, and H1N1 flu