Identity Segments Survey Data Presentation and Analysis Introduction - - PDF document

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Identity Segments Survey Data Presentation and Analysis Introduction

Women are meant to be key agents of the society due to the role they play in the family and society. However, certain factors affect their participation, for example: lack of resources, information, education and involvement in decision making. The empowerment of women, through education, literacy, employment and economic opportunities, has positive consequences for society as a whole, including the women themselves, their children, their whole family and the community. In a society where women are empowered whether through education or employment and where women are participating in decision- making processes on all levels of society, there is generally an increased emphasis on values such as peace, social justice, equality, human rights and ecological sustainability, than in patriarchal societies. Gender equity and women participation in political and economic and social issues are the tools for sustainable development in any given society. Women rights are basic human rights, therefore, opportunities and access to resources, equal sharing of family responsibilities between men and women are critical to women empowerment and sustainable development.

Data Presentation and Analysis

This survey was carried out to identify females within Kaduna metropolis that require civic and empowerment

• interventions. 200 women and girls between the ages of 18 to 50 from four communities from three LGAs in Kaduna
• State. Kaduna North LGA: Ungwan Kudu and Kigo Road, Kaduna South LGA: Kabala West and Chukun LGA:

Janruwa Ungwan Kudu and Kigo are both located in the northern part of Kaduna. Ungwan Kudu being a rural settlement with a mixed population but mostly dominated by Christians, the dominant languages spoken are English and Hausa. While the latter is an urban centre with mixed tribes. Janruwa is an upcoming settlement located in Chukun LGA and Kabala West is a developed settlement with mixed tribes and several languages.

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• 1. Age

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu The above shows that 36%, 40%, 24% and 56% of women in Kigo, Janruwa, Kabala West and Ungwan Kudu respectively are between the ages 18-26. 36%, 20%, 24% and 16% are between 27-35. 20%, 28%, 24% and 18% are 36-43. While the women between 44-50 are less than 30% in all four communities. 36% 36% 20% 8% 18 - 26 27 - 35 36 - 43 44 - 50 24% 24% 24% 28% 18 - 26 27 - 35 36 - 43 44 - 50 40% 20% 28% 12% 18 - 26 27 - 35 36 - 43 44 - 50 56% 16% 18% 10% 18 - 26 27 - 35 36 - 43 44 - 50

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• 2. Level of Education

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu Three communities which are Janruwa, Kabala West and Ungwan Kudu registers a high percentage of women with an O'level 52%, 56% and 50% respectively and a low mark for Kigo which is 16%. Less than 5% of women in all four communities have attained a master's degree. In Kigo, 44% of women have a HND/Degree certificate, in Janruwa 16%, 6% in Kabala West and Ungwan Kudu 20%. 20% 6% 16% 12% 44% 2% First leaving School Certificate Junior Secondary School O' Level OND 26% 0% 56% 10% 6% 2% First leaving School Certificate Junior Secondary School O' Level OND 8% 8% 52% 16% 16% 0% First leaving School Certificate Junior Secondary School O' Level OND 20% 10% 50% 0% 20% 0% First leaving School Certificate Junior Secondary School O' Level OND HND/Degree

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• 3. Marital Status

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu Janruwa and Ungwan Kudu registered the highest level of single women with both at 52%, followed by married women, 46% for both Ungwan Kudu and Janruwa, then 50% for Kabala West and 58% for Kigo. 2% of women from Janruwa and Ungwan Kudu were divorced. 2% and 18% from Kigo and Kabala West are widows. 40% 58% 0% 2% Single Married Divorced Widowed 32% 50% 0% 18% Single Married Divorced Widowed 52% 46% 2% 0% Single Married Divorced Widowed 52% 46% 2% 0% Single Married Divorced Widowed

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• 4. Do you have a regular source of income?

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu A large percentage (over 80%) of women all through four communities have a regular source of income and less than 50% do not have any regular income. 80% 20% YES NO 70% 30% YES NO 60% 40% YES NO 64% 36% YES NO

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• 4. Source of Income

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu Most of the women in all the communities are small/business owners. Very few, less than 5% work with private enterprises and less than 20% with the government sector. 50% 6% 24% 20% Small/Medium Business Owner Government Sector Private NONE 58% 10% 2% 30% Small/Medium Business Owner Government Sector Private NONE 52% 6% 2% 40% Small/Medium Business Owner Government Sector Private NONE 60% 0% 4% 36% Small/Medium Business Owner Government Sector Private NONE

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• 5. Monthly Income Range (in naira)

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu Kabala West records the highest earners with 31% between 16000 and above, 6% in Ungwan Kudu and 20% for both Kigo and Janruwa. Also Kabala West records the highest number of women earning between 11000 - 15000 with 32%, 10% for Kigo, 6% for Ungwan Kudu and 3% for Janruwa. Earners between 5000 - 10000 are 41%, 40%, 37% and 20% from Ungwan Kudu, Kigo, Janruwa and Kabala West respectively. Finally, between 1500 - 4000 with 47%, 40%, 30% and 17% from Ungwan Kudu, Janruwa, Kigo and Kabala West respectively. 30% 40% 10% 20% 1500-4000 5000-10000 11000-15000 16000 and above 17% 20% 32% 31% 1500-4000 5000-10000 11000-15000 16000 and above 40% 37% 3% 20% 1500-4000 5000-10000 11000-15000 16000 and above 47% 41% 6% 6% 1500-4000 5000-10000 11000-15000 16000 and above

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• 6. Research shows that women who make up to half of the population, are behind in all aspects of life(economically, politically

and intellectually) Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu Only 6% of women from Kigo strongly disagree with the statement. Less than 20% all through disagree and less than 15% are neutral. 60% from Kabala West, %6% from Kigo, 50% from Janruwa and 38% from Ungwan Kudu agree with the statement. 48% from Ungwan Kudu strongly agree, also 36%, 25% and 10% from Janruwa, Kigo and Kabala West respectively. 25% 56% 6% 7% 6% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 10% 60% 12% 18% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 36% 50% 4% 10% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 48% 38% 4% 10% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

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• 7. More men go to school than women in Nigeria.

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu The highest percentages all through with close to 50% agree on the statement that 'More men go to school than women'. The lowest percentages strongly disagree with the statement. 8% 34% 14% 36% 8% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 18% 40% 6% 34% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 22% 36% 6% 32% 4% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 32% 40% 14% 12% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

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• 8. Do you think that is the cause of women's poor participation in community participation?

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu This chart depicts that the highest percentages that disagreed to the above statement were in three communities: Kigo, Janruwa and Kabala West having 48%, 46% and 40% respectively. Ungwan Kudu registered 40% having the highest percentage to agree to the above statement. 11% 33% 8% 48% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 14% 36% 8% 40% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 12% 32% 6% 46% 4% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 24% 40% 10% 20% 6% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

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• 9. Women are able to be good leaders as well as men

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu In the above chart, across all four communities, the highest percentages strongly agree and agree to the statement that says women are able to be good leaders as well as the men. 28% 54% 2% 10% 6% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 54% 46% 0% 0% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 46% 44% 6% 2% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 36% 56% 2% 4% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

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• 10. Women should have a greater say in policy and governance

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu The results in above chart clearly show that people in all the four communities believe that women should have a greater say in policy and governance. 20% 58% 10% 8% 4% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 30% 66% 2% 2% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 60% 28% 6% 2% 4% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 32% 56% 4% 6% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

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• 11. Women are equally capable as men to contribute to household income

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu The chart above illustrates that across all four communities, the above statement had highest percentages that strongly agree and agree to it. Kigo and Ungwan Kudu both agreed with 62%. Then Janruwa and Kabala West highest percentages strongly agree at 60% and 50%. 32% 62% 0% 4% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 50% 48% 2% 0% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 60% 28% 6% 2% 4% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 32% 62% 4% 2% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

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• 12. Women need to be part of the decision making in the community

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu Chart 12 shows that a large number across all four communities agree that women need to be part of the decision making process. The figures are as follows: Kigo with 68%, Janruwa with 50%, Kabala West with 54% and Ungwan Kudu with 48%. 28% 68% 0% 0% 4% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 46% 54% 0% 0% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 50% 42% 4% 2% 2% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 48% 48% 4% 0% 0% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

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• 13. Do you think women are disempowered in the society?

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu Kabala West shows the highest percentage with 82% that believe women are disempowered, followed by Ungwan Kudu with 68% and 52% for both Kigo and Janruwa. 56% 44% YES NO 82% 18% YES NO 56% 44% YES NO 68% 32% YES NO

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• 14. Do you believe women are more affected by poverty?

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu A whopping 92% of women from Kabala West believe women are poorer than men and 66%, 54% and 52% from Ungwan Kudu, Janruwa and Kigo feel the same way. 52% 48% YES NO 92% 8% YES NO 54% 46% YES NO 66% 34% YES NO

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• 15. What is the best way women in your community can be empowered?

Kigo Janruwa 42% 8% 32% 10% 8% 0% Education Gender Equality/Human Right Access to capital End violence against women Work with traditional and religious Institutions Others 66% 12% 20% 2% 0% 0% Education Gender Equality/Human Right Access to capital End violence against women Work with traditional and religious Institutions Others

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Kabala West Ungwan Kudu Chart 15 depicts results of the highest percentages in Kigo, Janruwa and Ungwan Kudu at 42%, 66% and 56% respectively believe that what women in their community need the most is education. While in Kabala West community, 52% believe that women in their community need access to capital. 32% 0% 52% 2% 2% 12% Education Gender Equality/Human Right Access to capital End violence against women Work with traditional and religious Institutions Others 56% 6% 34% 0% 4% 0% Education Gender Equality/Human Right Access to capital End violence against women Work with traditional and religious Institutions Others

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• 16. Who do you think needs empowerment the most?

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu 21% 4% 15% 9% 6% 2% 4% 2% 31% 6% Women living in rural areas e.g villages, farm settlements Market women and traders Girls and women living with disablities Economically disempowered women and girls Widows Women affected/displaced by conflict and violenece Women who are heads of households Women victims of domestic violence or

• ther forms of

violence agaisnt women Small business or enterprise owners Out of school girls and women 12% 18% 8% 16% 20% 4% 4% 0% 10% 8% Women living in rural areas e.g villages, farm settlements Market women and traders Girls and women living with disablities Economically disempowered women and girls Widows Women affected/displaced by conflict and violenece Women who are heads of households Women victims of domestic violence or

• ther forms of

violence agaisnt women Small business or enterprise owners Out of school girls and women

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The above chart shows that in Kigo and Ungwan Kudu communities with 31% and 24%, registered that girls and women living with disabilities need empowerment the most. In Janruwa and Kabala West with 20% and 24% show that widows are the segment who in empowerment the most. 8% 20% 2% 20% 24% 0% 8% 4% 0% 14% Women living in rural areas e.g villages, farm settlements Market women and traders Girls and women living with disablities Economically disempowered women and girls Widows Women affected/displaced by conflict and violenece Women who are heads of households Women victims of domestic violence or

• ther forms of

violence agaisnt women Small business or enterprise owners Out of school girls and women 18% 6% 24% 4% 18% 10% 6% 4% 0% 10% Women living in rural areas e.g villages, farm settlements Market women and traders Girls and women living with disablities Economically disempowered women and girls Widows Women affected/displaced by conflict and violenece Women who are heads of households Women victims of domestic violence or

• ther forms of

violence agaisnt women Small business or enterprise owners Out of school girls and women

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• 17. In your community, are there women who speak out and defend fellow women's rights?

Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu In chart 17, across all four communities, it registered the highest percentages in responses were affirmative to the above statement which is that all communities have women who speak out and defend fellow women's rights. 80% 20% YES NO 70% 30% YES NO 76% 24% YES NO 84% 16% YES NO

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• 18. Would you be willing to engage with a female representative who will engage with policy and decision makers on your

behalf? Kigo Kabala West Janruwa Ungwan Kudu In chart 18 all four communities show the highest percentages that responded yes illustrating their willingness to work with a female representative in their communities who will engage with policy and decision makers on their behalf. 92% 8% YES NO 98% 2% YES NO 96% 4% YES NO 92% 8% YES NO

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RECOMMENDATIONS

The analysis of the above data clearly shows that women are in desperate need of empowerment interventions. Therefore the following recommendations have been highlighted:

• i. Programmes that engage women which are championed by women is a good way to get women interested and

involved in civic engagement. This is similar to what Empowering Women for Excellence Initiative (EWEI) works to achieve using her Civic Education and Participation for Women Project (CEPWOP). A project that addresses the under-presentation of women and excluded groups in the civic space.

• ii. Organisations need to reach out to low income women to support them, by providing financial support, and building

their capacity. EWEI works towards this goal through her Economic Empowerment Partnerships (EEP) Project. The EEP project provides zero interest micro-credit loans to women, capacity building and connections to beneficial networks.