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implementation efforts in Asia can contribute to national [and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 06, 2022 232 likes •516 views

How REDD+ readiness and implementation efforts in Asia can contribute to national [and global] biodiversity objectives Adam Gerrand, FAO/UN-REDD, Bangkok Outline of talk 1. How the CBD Aichi targets are related to: a. The FAO Global Forest

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How REDD+ readiness and implementation efforts in Asia can contribute to national [and global] biodiversity objectives

Adam Gerrand, FAO/UN-REDD, Bangkok

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2

  • 1. How the CBD Aichi targets are related to:

a. The FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) b. REDD+

  • 2. What is the FRA – and what can it tell us about the CBD Aichi Targets?
  • 3. What is REDD+? - and how does it relate to CBD targets?
  • 4. An example from PNG
  • 5. Conclusions

Outline of talk

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How REDD+ relates to CBD Aichi targets 5, 14, 15

Aichi Target (simplified) FRA REDD+ Comments Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved…etc. Yes Yes FRA data useful REDD+ provides incentives to reduce forest conversion Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems providing essential services….. are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs

  • f women, indigenous and local

communities, and the poor and vulnerable. Yes Yes FRA data useful REDD+ safeguards:

  • n biodiversity
  • Indigenous

peoples Target 15 By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, incl. restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems….etc Yes Yes FRA data useful The 5 eligible activities under REDD+ include reducing forest degradation, enhancing carbon

√ √ √ √ √ √

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SLIDE 4

How have the world’s forests changed?

Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA2015)

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But first, how has the world changed in the past 25 years from 1990 to 2015?

+37%

People

250%

Economy

+40%

Food

  • 3.2%

1990 = 4,128 M ha to 2015 = 3,999 M ha.

Forests

Drivers of deforestation…..

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Global forest area declined by 3% from 1990 to 2015 (from 4,128 M ha down to 3,999 M ha).  rate of net forest loss 2010 and 2015 (3.3m ha/yr) was half that in 1990s (7.3m ha/yr) Net forest loss mainly in the tropics (5.5 M ha/yr) – only 58% of the rate in the 1990’s  temperate forest increase rate 2.2 M ha/yr (+China, Viet Nam) forest loss highest in low income countries “Natural” forest area declined 239M ha between 1990 and 2015 (from 3,961 M ha to 3,721 M ha) FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA 2015) results

Source: Keenan, R. J., et al. (2015). "Dynamics of global forest area: Results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015." Forest Ecology and Management 352: 9-20.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112715003400

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SLIDE 7

FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA 2015) results

FRA helps track SDG, Aichi targets:

 Globally 7.7% of forests protected in 1990 rising to 16% in 2015  Increase in tropical protected areas 12% in 1990 to 26% in 2015 (but enforcement weak)  tropical forest reserves over 200mha  BUT primary forest area declined by 2.5% globally and 10% in the tropics 1990–2015  Tropical forest loss is continuing concern,  but the rate of decline appears to be slowing

Source: Morales-Hidalgo, D., et al. (2015). "Status and trends in global primary forest, protected areas, and areas designated for conservation of biodiversity from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015." For.Ecol. 352: 68-77. Primary forest area over time Forest conservation areas vs time

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National Forest Monitoring and Assessment programme NFMA since 2000

http://www.fao.org/forestry/fma/en/

Major improvements in national forest monitoring

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UN-REDD Programme- since 2008

supports national REDD+ readiness efforts in 64 partner countries through direct support in the design and implementation of UN-REDD National Programmes including forest monitoring (NFMS) and capacity development. June2016 (64 partner countries)

http://www.un-redd.org/

REDD+ supporting improved capacity in national forest monitoring

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SLIDE 10

Reference Period Emissions (Gt CO2) Year Projection Actual Emissions

How REDD works by Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation

Emissions Reductions

Green shaded area is reduced emissions from REDD+ actions 1. Reducing emissions from deforestation; 2. Reducing emissions from forest degradation; 3. Conservation of forest carbon stocks; 4. Sustainable management of forests; 5. Enhancement of forest carbon stocks. REDD+ (REDD plus)

expanded the concept to include 3 other ways to store carbon and reduce emissions:

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SLIDE 11

13

  • 1 of the 4 elements required by the

UNFCCC to do REDD+

  • To measure the climate change

mitigation impact (-ve GHG) of REDD+ interventions

  • UNFCCC requires both forest

inventory and satellite data

  • A stepwise approach of continuous

improvement is encouraged

  • NFMS can serve other purposes

beyond REDD+ incl. SFM and CBD

REDD+ National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS)

National Strategy &/or Action Plan National Forest Monitoring System Safeguards Information System Forest Reference Level REDD+ safeguards:

  • Incl. biodiversity
  • Indigenous peoples etc
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What is a National Forest Monitoring System? (NFMS) Measurement Reporting Verification MONITORING

NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING SYSTEM

  • 1. Monitor

REDD+ interventions (could also help CBD?)

  • 2. Measure

changes in GHG emissions and removals from forests

2 main functions

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SLIDE 13

REDD+ activities by countries to UNFCCC will use NFMS to report against Forest Reference (Emission) Levels (FREL/FRLs)

Deforestation

Brazil Colombia Mexico Malaysia Ecuador Congo Ethiopia Paraguay Viet Nam Zambia Chile Costa Rica Indonesia Peru

Forest degradation

Brazil Colombia Mexico Malaysia Ecuador Congo Ethiopia Paraguay Viet Nam Zambia Chile Costa Rica Indonesia Peru

Reforestation

Brazil Colombia Mexico Malaysia Ecuador Congo Ethiopia Paraguay Viet Nam Zambia Chile Costa Rica Indonesia Peru

Enhancement

Brazil Colombia Mexico Malaysia Ecuador Congo Ethiopia Paraguay Viet Nam Zambia Chile Costa Rica Indonesia Peru

SMF: Malaysia Conservation: Chile, Viet Nam

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SLIDE 14

21 REDD+ ACADEMY

  • Brazil has dramatically reduced deforestation between 2004-2013
  • Scope: Deforestation only
  • Scale: Amazon biome (subnational)
  • Approach: Historical “rolling” 10-year average reference level

(updated every 5 years)

Brazil’s Amazon Fund FREL +$1 billion paid

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SLIDE 15

Opportunities

  • an explosion of satellite image data becoming

available - much of it free

  • Huge increases in computing power and

reduction in storage costs (or in the “cloud”)

  • More accessible and easier user processing
  • Tools like Google Earth and Collect Earth make it easier and

more accessible to public and NGOs, not just gov’t / academia

  • Open source software is often free and customisable
  • But capacity, number of skilled users still low in many countries
  • REDD+ provides incentive to measure ($)

and helps build capacity

  • Combined effects = huge opportunities

for forest and biodiversity monitoring

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  • free, open source

customisable software

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Collect-Earth: users classification screen

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Example of using Collect-Earth

Forest and land use in PNG 2013, Gewa Gamoga

http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/asia-pacific-forestry- week/streams/stream-2-programme/en/

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SLIDE 19 LARK-04 LARK-03 LARK-02 CNIRD01 CNIRD02 KAUT_02 KAUT_01 UMBUK02 UMBUK01 LARK-01 GARAM02 GARAM01 SAGAR03 SAGAR02 WFBAY02 WFBAY01 SEMBE02 SEMBE01 MOKOL02 MOKOL01 GAR__01 CFORD02 CFORD01 INPOM01 DWARA02 DWARA01 VUDAL02 VUDAL01 GAR__02 SERA_01 SERA_02 PUAL_04 PUAL_03 KRISA02 SASER03 WIMAR02 WIMAR01 WAWOI02 WAWOI01 SASER04 SASER02 SASER01 GILUW02 GILUW01 TURAM05 TURAM04 TURAM03 TURAM02 KAUP_03 KAUP_02 KAUP_01 HAWAN04 HAWAN03 HAWAN02 HAWAN01 PULIE04 PULIE03 CARAW02 CARAW01 PASMA01 PASMA02 ANUAL02 ANUAL01 PULIE01 KAPUL02 KAPUL01 HUVIV02 EMBIH04 EMBIH03 EMBIH02 EMBIH01 HUVIV01 HONON02 HONON01 YEMA_01 MUSAU01 MUSAU02 KUI__02 KUI__01 WATUT06 WATUT05 WATUT04 WATUT03 YALU_02 YALU_01 OOMSI02 OOMSI01 MARE_03 MARE_02 UMBOI01 UMBOI02 WCOST06 WCOST05 WCOST04 WCOST03 WCOST01 VAILA02 VAILA01 MORER02 MORER01 MAUBU02 MAUBU01 ORLAK02 ORLAK01 IVAIN04 IVAIN03 IVAIN02 IVAIN01 WASAP02 WASAP01 ARI__01 SOGER03 SOGER02 SOGER01 ARI__02 MALAM02 MALAM01 DANAR04 DANAR02 DANAR01 MOSAL01 KAPIU02 KAPIU01 MOSAL02 Legend PSP(zone54) PSP(zone55) PSP(zone56) PSP(zone56)add Province_2011(utm) E Point_Grid_4km PINGRIS/FIMS Vegetation (all) VEGTYPE Low Altitude Forest on Plains & Fans (below 1000m) Low Altitude Forest on Uplands (below 1000m) Lower Montane Forest (above 1000-3000m) Montane Forest (above 3000m) Dry Seasonal Forest Littoral Forest Seral Forest Seral Forest (Volcanic successions) Swamp Forest Mangrove Forest Woodland Savanna Scrub Grassland Grassland (Alpine above 3200m) Grassland (Sub-Alpine 2500-3200m) Grassland (Herbaceous swamp) Agriculture Land Bare Areas Larger Urban Areas Lakes and larger rivers 100 200 300 400 50 km

27

4x4 km systematic grid over all PNG - 25,279 “plots”

Zoom in next slide

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Landscape detail of Rapid Eye image coverage with sample plots distribution

4 km 4 km Sample Plots

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Key Message

  • 1. PNG’s Forest, Land Use & Land Use Change
  • 2. REDD+ activities
  • 3. Could it be used for CBD?

Forest 80.4% Grassland 5.7% Settlement 1.1% Other Land 1.3% No data 0.2% Wet Land 2.9% Cropland 8.4%

Useful for: 1. Monitoring policies & Measures

  • 2. Forest Stratification

for future NFI

  • 3. FREL/RL
  • 4. CBD Aichi targets?

PNG now has the capacity to monitor:

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SLIDE 22
  • 1. Forest area continues to decline but rate is slowing down
  • Net forest loss is mainly in the tropics
  • Some countries have forest increases (including China and Viet Nam)
  • 2. Increased forests in protected areas
  • Globally 7.7% forests protected in 1990 to 16% in 2015
  • Tropical forest protected areas doubled to 26% in 2015 (but enforcement?)
  • 3. Primary forest area loss is particularly bad for biodiversity
  • 4. Huge expansion in free, good quality satellite data, tools
  • 5. Major improvements in forest area change monitoring

and in forest inventory data and capacities (FRA and REDD+

have helped build capacity and with reporting)

Key messages 1: Data, systems and results

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6. Global processes like FRA, UNFCCC and REDD+ have increased high level attention on forests and had a positive impact on country forest monitoring capacity 7. Carbon pool reporting capacities did not increase as dramatically (yet! but maybe coming?) and biodiversity is still not well monitored 8. Continued capacity building investments are needed to ensure that countries can accurately monitor tropical forest areas 9. Further investments will enable countries to develop systems to obtain accurate and reliable data on forest area and forest resources

  • needed to refine policies and monitor actions/decisions
  • to track drivers of deforestation,
  • to improve compliance and enforcement
  • to conserve forests and to
  • improve forest management for a range of values incl. biodiversity.

Key messages 2: Capacity & investment needs

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Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA2015)

Forest Ecology and Management

Special Issue: Changes in Global Forest Resources from 1990 to 2015

  • Forest Ecology and Management 352.
  • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0378

1127/352/supp/C

FAO For more information on FRA 2015

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SLIDE 25

More info: www.openforis.org

You can also watch the 8 minute video on

CollectEarth:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxOCck_c5CU

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SLIDE 26

37 REDD+ ACADEMY

All 12 REDD+ Academy modules are online at http://www.uncclearn.org/

The course has 12 modules:

  • 1. Forest, Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change
  • 2. Understanding REDD+ and the UNFCCC
  • 3. Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation
  • 4. National Strategies and Action Plans
  • 5. National Forest Monitoring Systems for REDD+
  • 6. Forest Reference Emission Levels for REDD+
  • 7. Policies and Measures for REDD+ Implementation
  • 8. REDD+ Safeguards under the UNFCCC
  • 9. REDD+ Finance
  • 10. Approaches for Allocation of Incentives
  • 11. Introduction to Stakeholder Engagement
  • 12. Good governance

REDD+ Academy e-course