Independent Independent Fire Hazard Management Fire Hazard - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Independent Independent Fire Hazard Management Fire Hazard - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 03, 2023 430 likes •1.04k views

Independent Independent Fire Hazard Management Fire Hazard Management Consultants Consultants Industry standards Industry standards LASTFIRE LASTFIRE Initially at Gold Command Escorted to Bronze Foam minimum requirements Foam

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Independent Independent Fire Hazard Management Fire Hazard Management Consultants Consultants

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Industry standards Industry standards

LASTFIRE LASTFIRE

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Initially at Gold Command Escorted to Bronze Foam – minimum requirements Foam sources Foam application

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LASTFIRE LASTFIRE

Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires

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An industry consortium of international oil companies reviewing risks associated with storage tank fires An industry consortium of international oil An industry consortium of international oil companies reviewing risks associated with companies reviewing risks associated with storage tank fires storage tank fires

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Objectives of original study Objectives of original study

  • Determine current levels of risk

Determine current levels of risk

  • Establish Design & Operational

Establish Design & Operational Practice & make knowledge Practice & make knowledge available throughout industry available throughout industry

  • Establish techniques to

Establish techniques to determine site determine site-

  • specific levels of

specific levels of risk and identify appropriate & risk and identify appropriate & cost cost-

  • effective risk reduction

effective risk reduction measures measures

LASTFIRE LASTFIRE

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Objectives of update study Objectives of update study

To continue To continue LASTFIRE’s LASTFIRE’s role as role as the established recognised the established recognised international oil companies forum international oil companies forum

  • n best practices of
  • n best practices of

Fire Hazard Management Fire Hazard Management

  • f Storage Tanks
  • f Storage Tanks

LASTFIRE LASTFIRE

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Scope

Review of incidents

Update database on open top floaters

Extend database to fixed roof and internal floaters

Assess current practices and latest developments in risk reduction measures

Detection systems Foam systems Major incident response systems Tank / seal constructions

Practical research

Boilovers Vapour measurement in internal floating roof tanks

Become industry focal point / forum

Scope

Review of incidents

Update database on open top floaters

Extend database to fixed roof and internal floaters

Assess current practices and latest developments in risk reduction measures

Detection systems Foam systems Major incident response systems Tank / seal constructions

Practical research

Boilovers Vapour measurement in internal floating roof tanks

Become industry focal point / forum

LASTFIRE LASTFIRE

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Tank Fire Foam Application Options Tank Fire Foam Application Options

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Tank Fire Foam Application Options Tank Fire Foam Application Options

Do you want to put it out?

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Full Surface Fire Response Full Surface Fire Response Full Surface Fire Response

Pump-out and Controlled Burndown Pump-out and Controlled Burndown

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Pump-out and Controlled Burndown

Example

  • Shell, New Jersey

Pump Pump-

  • out and Controlled
  • ut and Controlled Burndown

Burndown

Example Example

  • Shell, New Jersey

Shell, New Jersey

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Note: Note: Cooling monitors only Cooling monitors only

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Note tank height!!! Note tank height!!!

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Pump-out and Controlled Burndown

Considerations

  • Smoke

Pump Pump-

  • out and Controlled
  • ut and Controlled Burndown

Burndown

Considerations Considerations

  • Smoke

Smoke

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Pump-out and Controlled Burndown

Considerations

  • Smoke

Pump Pump-

  • out and Controlled
  • ut and Controlled Burndown

Burndown

Considerations Considerations

  • Smoke

Smoke

  • Public Image
  • Incident Duration
  • Pump out capability
  • Spare tankage
  • Flow rates
  • Exposure Protection
  • Requirements vary with time
  • Boilover Potential
  • Prior Acceptance by Authorities
  • Public Image

Public Image

  • Incident Duration

Incident Duration

  • Pump out capability

Pump out capability

  • Spare

Spare tankage tankage

  • Flow rates

Flow rates

  • Exposure Protection

Exposure Protection

  • Requirements vary with time

Requirements vary with time

  • Boilover Potential

Boilover Potential

  • Prior Acceptance by Authorities

Prior Acceptance by Authorities

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Monitors Monitors Tank Fire Foam Application Options Tank Fire Foam Application Options Systems Systems

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Full Surface Foam System Full Surface Foam System

Full Surface Fire Response Full Surface Fire Response Full Surface Fire Response

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Full Surface Foam System

Example

  • OMV, Austria

Full Surface Foam System Full Surface Foam System

Example Example

  • OMV, Austria

OMV, Austria

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Full Surface Foam System

Considerations

  • Manning Exposure Minimised
  • Response Time Minimised
  • Cost
  • System Maintenance / Testing
  • Reduced Flow Rates
  • Foam Flow Issues if Tank > 60m

Full Surface Foam System Full Surface Foam System

Considerations Considerations

  • Manning Exposure

Manning Exposure Minimised Minimised

  • Response Time

Response Time Minimised Minimised

  • Cost

Cost

  • System Maintenance / Testing

System Maintenance / Testing

  • Reduced Flow Rates

Reduced Flow Rates

  • Foam Flow Issues if Tank > 60m

Foam Flow Issues if Tank > 60m

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Full Surface Fire Response Full Surface Fire Response Full Surface Fire Response

Monitor Application Monitor Application

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Monitor Attack Monitor Attack Monitor Attack

Small tanks (NFPA <~10m) Can use handlines

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Monitor Attack Monitor Attack Monitor Attack

Examples

  • Sunoco, Sarnia, Canada
  • Orion, USA

Examples Examples

  • Sunoco,

Sunoco, Sarnia Sarnia, Canada , Canada

  • Orion, USA

Orion, USA

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Monitor attack started Monitor attack started

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83m diameter Gasoline with MTBE Fire 83m diameter Gasoline with MTBE Fire Norco Fire, June 2001 Norco Fire, June 2001

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General industry trend: Response shifting to large capacity monitors A designed, well engineered package Not just and item of equipment!

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Typical Russian equipment

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Tank Fire Exercise and Demonstration Tank Fire Exercise and Demonstration

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First involvement? First involvement? What did I think about the plan to ignite a 40m diameter tank in the middle of an

  • perating refinery and adjacent to other

“live” tanks? What did I think about the plan to ignite a 40m diameter tank in the middle of an

  • perating refinery and adjacent to other

“live” tanks? “I don’t know whether you are brave or crazy” “I don’t know whether you are brave or crazy”

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Test Parameters Test Parameters Tank Diameter 42 m Surface Area 1385 m2 Total application rate ~10,000 lpm Solution rate 7.2 lpm/m2 EN* rate for tank fire 10 lpm/m2 EN* Run time 60 mins

*Draft and dependent on foam quality

Tank Diameter 42 m Surface Area 1385 m2 Total application rate ~10,000 lpm Solution rate 7.2 lpm/m2 EN* rate for tank fire 10 lpm/m2 EN* Run time 60 mins

*Draft and dependent on foam quality

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Comparison with real incident Comparison with real incident Test Test Incident Incident Preburn Preburn Fuel Depth Fuel Depth Response Time Response Time 2-3mins 2-3mins ~hours ~hours ~metres ~metres Distortion Distortion ~30mm ~30mm Immediate Immediate ~hours ~hours Fuel Fuel Diesel Diesel Crude? Crude? Care required with drawing too many direct conclusions Care required with drawing too many direct conclusions

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However… Valuable lessons to learn!! However… Valuable lessons to learn!! Deployment logistics Large water flow requirement Foam flow (100 lpm if 1% ) Radiant heat Deployment logistics Large water flow requirement Foam flow (100 lpm if 1% ) Radiant heat

Test Incident 2004

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However… Valuable lessons to learn!! However… Valuable lessons to learn!! Deployment logistics Large water flow requirement Foam flow (100 lpm if 1% ) Radiant heat Deployment logistics Large water flow requirement Foam flow (100 lpm if 1% ) Radiant heat

It is possible!!! It is possible!!!

Good planning Good equipment Good training Competent personnel Crude? Good planning Good equipment Good training Competent personnel Crude?

Monitor throw/height Smoke plume Monitor throw/height Smoke plume

Maybe time dependent Maybe time dependent

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Monitor Attack Monitor Attack Monitor Attack

Scenes from commissioning trials Scenes Scenes from from commissioning trials commissioning trials

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Monitor Application Monitor Application

Beware of range claims! Beware of range claims!

Height is important Height is important

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

  • Tank Size
  • NFPA Standards suggest 20m max (EN will

go to 60m+)

  • Much more possible in practice
  • Manning Levels
  • Large tank incidents involve >100 people
  • Stream Range / Height
  • Bund access may be required
  • Wind direction / strength
  • Tank Size

Tank Size

  • NFPA

NFPA Standards suggest 20m max Standards suggest 20m max (EN will (EN will go to 60m+) go to 60m+)

  • Much more possible in practice

Much more possible in practice

  • Manning Levels

Manning Levels

  • Large tank incidents involve >100 people

Large tank incidents involve >100 people

  • Stream Range / Height

Stream Range / Height

  • Bund access may be required

Bund access may be required

  • Wind direction / strength

Wind direction / strength

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

Slide 1 of 2

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

  • Tank Size
  • NFPA Standards suggest 20m max (EN will

go to 60m+)

  • Much more possible in practice
  • Manning Levels
  • Large tank incidents involve >100 people
  • Stream Range / Height
  • Bund access may be required
  • Wind direction / strength
  • Tank Size

Tank Size

  • NFPA

NFPA Standards suggest 20m max Standards suggest 20m max (EN will (EN will go to 60m+) go to 60m+)

  • Much more possible in practice

Much more possible in practice

  • Manning Levels

Manning Levels

  • Large tank incidents involve >100 people

Large tank incidents involve >100 people

  • Stream Range / Height

Stream Range / Height

  • Bund access may be required

Bund access may be required

  • Wind direction / strength

Wind direction / strength

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  • Logistics
  • Foam supply (1800 lpm for 60000 monitor)
  • Water supply
  • Logistics

Logistics

  • Foam supply

Foam supply (1800 lpm for 60000 monitor)

(1800 lpm for 60000 monitor)

  • Water supply

Water supply

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

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Monitor Application - Considerations Monitor Application - Considerations

  • Foam Losses
  • Up to 60%
  • Foam Losses

Foam Losses

  • Up to 60%

Up to 60%

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