Independent Study Biomechanical effects of synthetic turf and infill - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Independent Study Biomechanical effects of synthetic turf and infill materials David Rosa- Study Technician Area I + D For further information visit www.ibv.com This test was sponsored by Limonta Sport

BIOMECHANIC ASPECTS OF THE TURF

History of The Artificial Grass

 Artificial grass was developed in the 60’s as a

substitute for natural grass with the objective of solving maintenance problems, especially in covered facilities

 In 1966 the first artificial turf was installed in the

Astrodome of Houston(Texas) for the football league, and in 1971 artificial turf was installed in Caledonian Park (U.K.)

History Of Artificial Grass

First generation of synthetic grass with stuffed sand and rubber FIFA publishes the first “Quality Concept” for synthetic grass IFBA(International Football Association Board) includes synthetic grass like game surface FIFA publishes “Quality Concept” (FQC) for synthetic grass,**=UEFA

1997 1998 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

UEFA synthetic grass studies begin UEFA publishes a manual for synthetic grass UEFA accepts synthetic grass for the

• fficial

competitions 2005/2006 FIFA & UEFA unify criteria Disagreement FIFA-UEFA: Installations should be tried under two different criteria's based on the type of competition

Agreement FIFA-UEFA. FIFA is in charge of homologations and generation of test

• equipments. UEFA is in charge of the medical

panels and biomechanic studies that allow to generate criteria

Function of the ground in the sport activity

 T

echnical Function:

• Property of the layers support: drainage,

planimetry and lifting capability

• Irrigation Systems
• Durability of the fiber
• Maintenance necessities

 Sport Function:

• Absorption of impacts: Reduction of force and

deformation

• Stability in the footstep
• Traction

Biomechanic Aspects

Sport Function: Absorption of Impacts

 Def: Is the capability that the

ground has to protect the body from impacts

• Eliminate high frequencies
• Reduce strength

Without cushioning cushioning

Sport Impact: Absorption of Impacts



What occurs when an impact takes place? The impact is transmitted through the body like a vibration that cant be controlled by the muscles or tendons

Causes problems :

• Discomfort , pain in knee and back

1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8

• 0.5

0.5 1 1.5 Tiempo (s) Aceleracion (m/s2)

(Time) (Acceleration)

Levels of Impact in different sports

5 10 15 Carrera Velocidad con clavos Salto de Longitud Triple Salto Salto de Altura Aterrizaje Gimnasia Baloncesto x peso corporal Modalidades deportivas

Sport Function: Absorption of Impacts

Translation: Baloncesto(Basketball) Aterrizaje Gimnasia(Gymnastics) Salto de altura (High jump) Triple Salto(Triple jump) Salto de longitud(Long jump) Velocidad con clavos(Speed with nails) Carrera(Race) S P O R T M O D A L I T I E S (Corporal Weight)

Sport Function: Absorption of Impacts

FIFA regulation. Damping and Deformation of Artificial Grass

 Damping

Deformation FIFA *55-70% FIFA*4-9mm FIFA**60-70% FIFA**4-8mm

Sport Function: Stability Importance

 Instability can cause movements you will articulate

unexpected producing injuries, mainly on the ankle

 It also relates with discomfort & fatigue like in sand

sports

Stability Studies

 Tests with studies

Studies with soles: measuring the soles distribution of pressures

Stability: Grass Study

 Result from the measurement of sole pressure

Patrón de presiones plantares

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 TLE TLC TLI PLME PLMC C5MT C1MT MTM RDD PRDD

Zonas del pie Presiones (kPa) PROFESIONALES AFICIONADOS

(Sole pressures )

(Zones of the foot) (Pressures)

The Study

Material & Methods: Biomechanic Study



Definition of Gestures: Gesture 1: Race at slow speed or trote Gesture 2: Jump 5 repetitions of each subject -5 test subjects

Fotocélulas 3 m 6 m 0.35 m

Methods & Materials: Biomechanic Study

 Identification of Synthetic Grass

Synthetic Grass Type Elastic Layer(MM ) Pile Height (MM) Sand(KG) InfillType Infill weight (KG/Meter) 1

• 60

18 SBR 14 2 25 45 4,5 GEO 9 3 25 45 20 SBR 8

Results: Biomechanic Study

Damping of Impacts

• Acceleration in head
• Maximum angle support
• Maximum flight angle

Stability Maximum pressure per sections

• f the foot

Results

Results.Biomechanic Study

Accelerations in the tibia bone. Slow Race.

(Estimated Marginal Measures of the tibia bone)

(Synthetic Grass) (Estimated Marginal Averages) (Subject)

Results.Biomechanic Study

Acceleration in the head. Slow race.

( Estimated Marginal Measures of the head) (Subject) (Estimated Marginal Averages) (Synthetic Grass)

• Results. Biomechanic Study

Angle of support. Slow race.

(Estimated Marginal measures of maximum angle of support) (Subject) (Synthetic Grass) (Estimated Marginal Measures)

• Results. Biomechanic Study

Angle of support. Slow race.

(Estimated Marginal Measures of maximum angle of speed) (Synthetic Grass) (Subject) (Estimated Marginal Measures)

Result: Biomechanic Study

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 1 2 3

Pavimento

• Acel. tibia (g)

Acceleration in jump

(Synthetic Grass)

(Acceleration in Tibia bone)

Results: Biomechanic Study

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3

Pavimento

• Acel. cabeza (º)

Acceleration in the head-Jump

(Synthetic Grass)

(Acceleration in the head)

Result: Biomechanic Study

44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 1 2 3

Pavimento Ángulo máximo (º

Angle of the knee during the support-Jump

(Synthetic Grass)

(Maximum Angle)

Result: Biomechanic Study

Stability Distribution

• f foot

pressure

(Zones of the foot)

(Sole Pressures) (Synthetic Grass 1,2,3)

Results: Biomechanic Study

Pav-1 Pav-2 Pav-3

Stability Distribution

• f foot

pressure

(Zones of the foot) (Sole Pressures) (Synthetic Grass 1,2,3)

Conclusion

Conclusion: Biomechanic Study

 Synthetic Grass filled with GEO provoke less accelerations

then synthetic grass filled with elastic cover and other fillings

 Less levels of impact are seen in the phase of support in the

knee of the athletes

Conclusion: Biomechanic Study

 The jump studies, haven't generated any change in

the behavior of the synthetic grass

 That’s why we can conclude that in a slow race,

synthetic grass with elastic layer are provoking levels of impact

Conclusion: Biomechanic Study

 The distribution of sole pressure lets us verify that

in slow races synthetic grass provokes less pressure is number 3 (synthetic grass with elastic layer and filling SBR)

 For the jump, the distribution of sole pressure lets

us verify how provoked pressures in the sole are less for synthetic grass 2( synthetic grass with elastic layer and filling GEO).

Study Concluded

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