Innovation Nation 2016 Kirt Costello, Ph.D. May 28, 2016 Why do - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Innovation Nation 2016 Kirt Costello, Ph.D. May 28, 2016

Why do humans explore?

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Source: ISS Program Scientist

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When civilizations stop exploring… they cease to exist

Source: ISS Program Scientist

“Only those who will risk going too far, can possibly find out how far one can go.” - T. S. Eliot

Captain James Cook, HMS Resolution, Ca. 1771 Charles Darwin, HMS Beagle, ca. 1831 (OOS 1859) 4

Exploration technology and discovery in new environments are linked – but science takes more time

• Exploration drives technological breakthroughs

and scientific discoveries that benefit society.

• Without exploration, the cycle of advancement is

broken.

• The ISS Partnership has transformed exploration

from an effort for the advancement of individual nations, to an endeavor committed to the advancement of humankind.

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Nations Explore… in order to advance

Source: ISS Program Scientist

Source: ISS Program Scientist

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What kind of benefits come from research in space?

Scientific Discovery Enabling Future Exploration Benefits for Humanity

Spacecraft Mass: ~925,000 lb (~419,000 kg) Spacecraft Pressurized Volume: 32,333 ft3 (915 m3) Altitude: ~260 miles (~415 km) Inclination: 51.6° Velocity: 17,500 mph (28,200 kph) Science Capability: Laboratories from four international space agencies – US, Europe, Japan, and Russia.

International Space Station

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ISS Research Accomplishments

(Expeditions 0 – 42, December 1998 – March 2015, PSF Approved July 2015)

• Expeditions 0 – 42

– 1922 Investigations

• 607 NASA-led investigations
• 1158 International-led investigations

– >2484 investigators – >1605 scientific publications (journal, conference proceedings, and grey literature) – 95 participating countries/areas

Fluid Shifts, One-Year Mission

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ACE-H2

Source: ISS Program Scientist

PSF Approved

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

CSA ESA JAXA NASA/U.S. Roscosmos

Research Discipline of ISS Investigations by Partner Agency: Expeditions 0-42 December 1998 – March 2015 Biology & Biotechnology Earth & Space Science Educational & Cultural Activities Human Research Physical Science Technology Development & Demonstration

4 40 45 115 93

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New Knowledge and Benefits

Source: ISS Program Scientist

Physical Sciences: Convection

Source: ISS Program Scientist

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Fluids: No density or buoyancy driven Convection! Combustion

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Boiling Water on Earth vs. Microgravity

Source: ¡ISS ¡Program ¡Scien0st ¡

Physical Sciences: Convection

Multi-user Drop Combustion Apparatus (MDCA) / Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR)

COMBUSTION PHYSICS MATERIALS SCIENCE

Smectic Islands Directional Solidification EML Electromagnetic Levitator Dendritic Formation MSL Materials Science Lab

1 G 1 G µ G

Changes: Fluid distribution Gene expression Signal transduction Locomotion Differentiation Metabolism Glycosylation Cytoskeleton Tissue morphogenesis

Courtesy of Neal Pellis

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Biology: Cells in Space

Human Physiology: Response to Spaceflight

Astronauts experience a spectrum of adaptations in flight and postflight Balance disorders Cardiovascular deconditioning Decreased immune function Muscle atrophy Bone loss Impaired vision

• Neurovestibular
• Cardiovascular
• Bone
• Muscle
• Vision
• Immunology
• Nutrition
• Behavior
• Radiation

Source: Dr. Clarence Sams, Human Research Program

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SAGE III (2016) MUSES (Launch To Be Assigned) CATS (2015) ECOSTRESS (2017) GEDI LIDAR (2018) OCO-3 (Launch To Be Assigned) HDEV (2014) RapidSCAT (2014) ASIM (2017) GEROS (2018) ISERV (2012) METEOR (2015) LIS (2016)

E a r t h

Information as of May 2015

TSIS (2017)

Data products downloadable worldwide CATS (Cloud-Aerosol Transport System) Lidar for aerosols and cloud depth ISS RapidSCAT (Rapid Scatterometer))for sea surface winds

EARTH SCIENCE

The Engine for Innovation on the Exploration Frontier is a Profound understanding of Uniqueness of Place.

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• Stimulates new markets that were unachievable in the past.
• Creates new stakeholders in spaceflight.
• Ensures strong industrial capability for future spaceflight and related

industries.

• Allows cross-pollination of ideas, processes and best practices between

partners of equal standing.

Source: ISS Program Scientist

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Enabling Commerce in LEO

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Enabling Future Exploration

Materials Test Bed - MISSE materials test beds have allowed materials to be tested on the space station that have then been applied to commercial aerospace, including the white protective coating used on the SpaceX Dragon cargo module and a different material that is being used to protect the Mars Curiosity’s critical power unit.

Source: ISS Program Scientist

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3-D Printing in Zero-G is an experiment that allows researchers to study how a 3-D printer can work well enough in space to produce useful replacement parts to support future exploration and long duration missions.

Source: ISS Program Scientist

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Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM) is an external ISS technical demonstration experiment that paves the way for future robotic refueling missions. It demonstrates robotic refueling tasks and servicing technologies in a zero-g environment by using CSA’s ISS Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (also known as “Dextre”) to validate tasks, tools, and techniques needed to repair “legacy” satellites not designed to be refueled in orbit. Robotic refueling extends the lifetime of satellites, allowing owners and operators to gain additional years of use from assets already operating in space.

Source: ISS Program Scientist

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ISS Information Resources

http://www.nasa.gov/iss-science/

ISS Research (Customer) Helpline Phone: 281-244-6187

Email: jsc-iss-research-helpline@mail.nasa.gov

@ISS_Research ISS Research Blog “A Lab Aloft” https://blogs.nasa.gov/ISS_Science_Blog/ See the ISS over Your Town

http://spotthestation.nasa.gov/

Space Station Research Explorer App

Apple:

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/space-station-research-explorer/id934070569?mt=8

Google Play:

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=gov.nasa.jsc.igoal.ISSResearchExplorer&hl=en

• iPad
• Android

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