Introduction scopes and structure the EEE station MRPC technology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction scopes and structure the EEE station MRPC technology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 13, 2022 693 likes •993 views

Extreme Energy Events: an extended multi purpose cosmic ray observatory I. Gnesi on behalf of the EEE Collaboration TAUP 2019, Toyama Introduction scopes and structure the EEE station MRPC technology telescopes and Data

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Extreme Energy Events:

an extended multi purpose cosmic ray observatory

TAUP 2019, Toyama

  • I. Gnesi
  • n behalf of the EEE Collaboration
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  • Introduction
  • scopes and structure
  • the EEE station
  • MRPC technology
  • telescopes and Data Taking
  • performance and upgrade
  • Physics items
  • overview
  • Long Distance Correlation (2 telescopes cluster correlation)
  • Long Distance Correlation (extended Multi-telescope correlation)
  • The Polar Quest Expedition
  • Summary and Conclusions
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56 telescopes at high schools + 2 telescopes at CERN + 4 at INFN Units Total: 62 telescopes + ≈ 50 institutes on the waiting list strong outreach impact >100 high schools involved Scopes & Structure

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Multigap RPC Technology

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a EEE Telescope 144 readout channels TDCs @ 100 ps (can be operated to 25 ps) GPS @10-20 ns resolution

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some EEE telescopes: the typical distance between chambers is 50 cm few installations are equipped with sliding structures in order to adjust the acceptance as needed 1st coordinate: #strip 2nd coordinate: ΔTime (Left-Right) adiacent hist are clustered a EEE Telescope

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Data Taking & Recon Data are synchronized to the CNAF (INFN computing center) for reconstruction DQM Analysis 5 runs since 2014 almost 100 billions candidate muon tracks observed

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Performance and upgrade

Performance survey

  • f ~ 40 telescopes during Runs 2 & 3
  • Good efficiency (>90%)
  • High Time resolution (240 ps)
  • Good spatial resolution (< 1cm)

JINST 13(2018) P08026

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Physics Results Upward muons studies Forbush, solar physics, CR climate related topics subTeV anisotropies EAS EAS long ditance correlations / supershowers

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LONG DISTANCE CORRELATIONS

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Results: LDC

LONG DISTANCE CORRELATIONS

Correlations among Extensive Air Showers at large distances (10-1000 km) Correlations among multiple secondary muons in several telescopes and at large distances

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LDC among Extensive Air Showers at large distances

Results: LDC EAS correlations at distances larger than few km Possible physical mechanisms could justify the existence of LDC

  • EAS originating from cosmics emitted by the same source

limited by low energy the presence of magnetic fields high energy primaries have to be stable on long scales energy difference among the correlated primaries time displacement too long at the arrival

  • EAS originating from cosmics generated

by the interaction of a primary cosmic with the interstellar medium

  • EAS generated by the photodisintegration
  • f primary cosmic rays in the solar field

GZ effect

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Results: LDC Correlations between telescope pairs (extensive air showers) looking for SINGLE TRACKS in each telescope R MAX spurious ~ 2 x 100/day x 100/day x 1 ms ~ 10-9 - 10-10 Hz ( < 0.03 per year ) R MIN spurious ~ 2 x 2/day x 2/day x 1 ms ~ 10-11 - 10-12 Hz ( < 3 per 10000 years ) Analyzed coincidences between the 45 telescope clusters hosting at least two telescopes 3968 days of time exposure 96 observed events against 77.8 estimated background

LDC among Extensive Air Showers at large distances FIRST ANALYSIS STRATEGY

telescope 1 telescope 2 telescope 3 telescope 4 EAS 1 EAS 2

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Results: LDC

5 candidate events with a p-value < 0.05

  • Eur. Phys. J. Plus

(2018) 133: 34

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Results: LDC

LDC among Extensive Air Showers at large distances SECOND ANALYSIS STRATEGY

telescope 1 EAS 1 EAS 2 telescope 2

Correlations between single telescopes (extensive air showers) looking for MULTIPLE TRACKS in each telescope R spurious ~ 2 x 160/day x 160/day x 1 ms ~ 8 10-7 Hz ( ~ 30 per year ) Distribution of track multiplicity for all telescopes and whole statistics 2014-2018 (multiplicity >2) 6 orders of magnitude from telescope multiplicity 3 to 12

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Pre - selection of multi-track events:

Chi2 < 10: Parallelism constraint (scalar product with the seed track > 0.8) Data set:

  • No. of telescopes: 42 telescopes + 5 clusters
  • No. of Events: 30 millions of coincident events (in +/- 2 seconds window)

Period: 2013 → 2018 Analysis cuts: Telescope distance > 5 km Ntracks > 3 on both telescopes

excess of events: 40 Expected bckg: 23.4 p-value: 10-3

Results:

Results: LDC

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The PolarQEEEst expedition: remapping the CR flux

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PolarQuEEEst A trip covering 47 degrees in latitude to remap the CR flux vs lat to study seasonal variations at high lats in parallel with geographical mapping with drones microplastics survey

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3 scintillator-based detectors with HPTDC readout (100 ps) Nanuq boat Oslo (Nesodden High School) Bra (NW Italy) PolarQuEEEst

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PolarQuEEEst Seasonal effect as measured since fall 2018 to spring 2019 Flux Max observed in 3rd week of January 2019 To be completed in a few days from now

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PolarQuEEEst A.H. Compton Phys.

  • Rev. 43 (1933) 387

EEE Collaboration 2017

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PolarQuEEEst The first EEE cluster @ Svalbard Since May 2019 POLA-01/03/04 are taking data in the area of the Scientific base of Ny-Ålesund (78°56ʹN), Svalbard The intent is to measure EAS flow at the sea level at high latitude

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Summary and Outlook

Extreme Energy Events is an extended observatory

60 tracking, high T res stations > 10o lat and long coverage > 5 years exposition expanding!

Several topics:

solar physics, climate related, EAS, anisotropies

Search for Long Distance Correlations / Supershowers

  • bserved correlated showers:

5 events @ p-value < 5% (single tracks) 40 events excess -> p-value < 10-3 (multitracks)

PolarQuEEEst mission:

remapped the lat dependance of secondary muons 35-82o New EEE cluster @ NyAlesund (78o north - Svalbard) for studying EAS at high lats on North Emisphere

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Backup slides

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LDC among a high number of telescopes (Supershowers?)

No solid physical mechanism expected to produce multi-particle correlations over a huge area Thus searching for the unexpected Strategy: Consider all possible correlations between 2, 3, ... N telescopes Compare them to expected spurious rate between N telescopes Long exposition needed of course Results: LDC

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13 new telescopes (2018-2019)

  • 39 new MRPCs

+ 11 spares Total of 50 chambers 6 gaps/250 um technology Performance and upgrade New Eco gas mixtures studies several mix tested HFO/SF6 HFO/CO2 CO2/SF6 RPC 2017

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Complete scan of all available statistics from RUN 5 (October 2018-June 2019, 244 days) Extraction of the multiplicity spectrum (number of coincident events as a function of the number of telescopes) Highest multiplicity events observed: 5 events with 12 telescopes Roughly a factor 10 decrease for every additional telescope Good agreement between raw data and spurious expected trend

  • ver 9 orders of magnitude

Results: LDC

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PolarQuEEEst

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