Introduction to Invasive Plant Management Elements of a Successful - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction to Invasive Plant Management Elements of a Successful - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction to Invasive Plant Management Elements of a Successful Invasive Plant Management Project Connecticut Invasive Plant Symposium October 4 th , 2018 Christopher Polatin, M.S., CERP Polatin Ecological Services, LLC & Land

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Introduction to Invasive Plant Management

Connecticut Invasive Plant Symposium October 4th, 2018

Christopher Polatin, M.S., CERP Polatin Ecological Services, LLC & Land Stewardship, Inc.

Elements of a Successful Invasive Plant Management Project

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Topics to cover

  • Elements of an effective invasive plant

management program

– Mapping (monitoring/record Keeping) – Prioritization

  • Integrated Management

– Manual/Mechnical – Judicious herbicide use – Revegetation/Restoration

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Elements of a Successful Project

Planning Framework

  • Goals- articulate intention for site
  • Planning (Management Plan)
  • Site Analysis
  • Mapping
  • Prioritization
  • Initial, Follow-ups, ongoing Stewardship program
  • Early Detection
  • Success Criteria
  • Monitoring
  • Management Documentation
  • Revegetation & Ecological Restoration Considerations
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Mapping

  • Invasive species
  • Distribution
  • Area (acres or square footage)
  • Density (cover class)
  • Size: diameter & height (plant type/age:

seeding, sapling, etc.)

  • Non-target/native vegetation
  • Sensitive resource areas

(wetlands/NHESP)

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Glossy Buckthorn Small tree (> 7 ’ tall)

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Glossy Buckthorn Shrub (< 7’)

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Glossy Buckthorn Seedling (< 2’)

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E arly D etection R apid R esponse

Prioritization

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Acres Infested

Prevention

  • r

Eradication simple

Absent or off- site

Eradication feasible Eradication unlikely, intense effort required

few locations Many locations At or near biological potential

Local control and management only

Control Costs

Public awareness typically begins Introduction

Time

Detection (1) (3) (4) (2)

Modified from Chippendale 1991; Hobbs & Humphries 1995

Weed Infestations & Control Potential

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Common buckthorn

Seedlings

Japanese barberry Bittersweet Japanese knotweed

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The Importance of Timing Management Activities

(Droege, 1996)

May/June

Integrated Management

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Level 1: Manual Methods

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Hand-pulling

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Community/Volunteers/Partners/Stakeholders

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Level 2

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Judicious Herbicide Use

  • Integrate management activities (cutting,

mowing, etc.).

  • Use selective herbicide methods that minimize

amount used.

  • Timing to maximize effectiveness of treatment
  • Glyphosate & Triclopyr (active ingredients)

based general use herbicides.

  • Always read and follow the label directions,

safety & environmental precautions.

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Cut Stem/Stump Application

  • 20%-50% glyphosate

product in water (apply immediately after cutting).

  • Timing: Anytime, but sap
  • season. Wait till late

spring/early summer

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Mechanical Methods Small-Medium Scale

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IP Success Criteria

1. Year 1. Initial treatments (combination of mechanical and chemical) results in 90% control. 2. Year 2. The first follow-up treatment (targeted chemical) results in 95% control. 3. Year 3. The second follow-up (manual or targeted chemical) results in 99% control. 4. Annual Stewardship and Maintenance (primarily manual) maintains 99% control.

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Upland IP Management

2011 2012 2013 2014

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Active Revegetation

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Wetland IP Management

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

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Glyphosate (Roundup, Rodeo, etc.)

  • Derivation of glycine, an amino acid
  • Inhibits an essential plant enzyme (EPSP

synthase).

  • Blocks production of aromatic amino acids:

phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine

  • Non-selective herbicide
  • Systemic – translocates to meristems/roots.
  • Gradual yellowing (chlorosis) – newest leaves

first.

  • Non-volatile, but still need to avoid spray drift.
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Glyphosate – Environmental Fate

  • Very stong adsorption (binding) to soil particles:
  • No herbicidal activity in soil (inactivated).
  • Not mobile in soil.
  • Minimal potential for leaching into groundwater or

contamination of surface waters via runoff.

  • Readily biodegraded by bacteria, fungi
  • Half life in soil: generally short, but variable.
  • Very low toxicity to most non-target organisms.
  • Due to surfactants in most glyphosate products – Not

approved for aquatic sites.

  • Rodeo, AquaPro formulations approved for water.
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Triclopyr

(Garlon, Renovate, Tahoe)

  • Disrupts normal plant hormone (auxin) function

– abnormal elongation & division of plant cells.

  • Selective herbicide – most grasses, sedges

tolerant.

  • Controls broadleaf weeds, woody plants.
  • Systemic –translocates to meristems/roots.
  • Initial symptoms appear rapidly – distorted

growth (leaf cupping, stem twisting).

  • Formulations: Ester (Garlon 4) more volatile than

amine (Garlon 3A).