Ion Science Introduction Peter Childs DATE Unrivalled Gas - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ion Science Introduction Peter Childs DATE Unrivalled Gas - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ion Science Introduction Peter Childs DATE Unrivalled Gas Detection ionscience.com Introduction to Ion Science Leading manufacturer of PID sensors & Instruments Private Company Founded in 1989 Based in Cambridge

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Unrivalled Gas Detection ionscience.com

DATE

Ion Science

Introduction

Peter Childs

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DATE ionscience.com

Introduction to Ion Science

  • Leading manufacturer of PID sensors & Instruments
  • Private Company
  • Founded in 1989
  • Based in Cambridge U.K.
  • Group Revenue > £16m
  • Employees 120
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DATE ionscience.com

Global Coverage

Ion Science Ltd – Cambridge U.K. Ion Science Germany, France & Italy Ion Science China – Shanghai Ion Science Inc - Houston

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Unrivalled Gas Detection ionscience.com

ION Science

Continuous Ground Gas Monitoring

Peter Childs

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22 Oct 2018 ionscience.com

Ground Gas risk

The problem

Explosion Various hazards can arise depending on the gas released Acute health effects Chronic long term health effects Global warming

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Soil / Ground Gas risk

The problem

Land fill waste Ground gas can originate from natural and various forms of human activity Abandoned coal mining Shale gas production Contaminated land Pipeline leaks Coal bed methane Natural Ground Gas

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Abbeystead 1984

  • Natural methane from coal seams

released into water supply tunnel

  • Pushed into valve house by start of

water pumping

  • Ignition source not known, but visiting

group from local community present

  • 16 killed by explosion
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Air-Met Scientific

Gas-leak residents win $23.5m payout Brookland Greens Estate

  • Hundreds of residents affected by a methane gas leak in Cranbourne will share more than $20 million in

compensation paid by Casey Council and the Environment Protection Authority.

  • A settlement has been reached in the class action by 750 residents and individual property owners will soon be

contacted and told how much of the $23.5 million they will receive.

  • In September 2008, hundreds of residents of the estate were forced to evacuate after dangerously high levels of

methane gas were detected escaping from a disused landfill site in Cranbourne

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Loscoe 1986

House exploded at 6.30 24th March

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Loscoe Public Inquiry following House Explosion in 1984

From CIRIA 130, 1995 (construction industry research and information association)

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Variations in environmental conditions cause variations in the rate gas is

  • emitted. These conditions are:

Ambient temperature Ambient pressure Rain and snow The water table

Soil / Ground Gas risk

The problem

Spot check monitoring is therefor likely to miss some/maybe all hazardous events!

Ground gas

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Objectives of ground gas monitoring

  • Determine the true subsurface gas regime
  • Predict how this may change in the future

Currently achieved by: Discrete periodic spot measurements of gas concentrations and the gas regime is inferred

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Effect of Sampling frequency on observed gas regime

Spot sampling on these dates show no methane Spot sampling on these dates show gas, up to 40% !

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 11-Jan 13-Jan 15-Jan 17-Jan 19-Jan 21-Jan 23-Jan 25-Jan 27-Jan 29-Jan 31-Jan CH4 % v/v

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GASCLAM

The world’s first continuous, borehole gas monitor Key features:

Specifically designed to detect ground gas from boreholes Continuously monitors methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, VOCs and atmospheric pressure Can be deployed for over 3 months Intrinsically safe so can be used in explosive environments Discrete installation Telemetered data from real time reporting

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Process responsible for controlling ground gas concentration

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20-Aug 27-Aug 03-Sep 10-Sep 17-Sep 24-Sep 01-Oct CH4 % v/v 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 mBar Methane Pressure

5 % 2 %

Data from a borehole between a house and landfill

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In this example there is no

  • bvious change in CH4 due to

ambient pressure

Soil / Ground Gas risk

Example data – Closed landfill adjacent to housing

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Soil / Ground Gas risk

Example data – Closed landfill adjacent to housing

CLAY FRACTURED SAND STONE CLAY

BOREHOLE

WATER TABLE

No obvious change in CH4 as ambient pressure drops In this example it is the water table that affects the CH4 level

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22 Oct 2018 ionscience.com

  • Faded glory of a major holiday destination
  • Now area of high unemployment
  • Underlain by >2000 ft Bowland Shale - Potential for hydrofracking

A high profile case – Caudrilla Operations, Blackpool UK - 2012

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HydroFracking

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HydroFracking - issues

Benzene has been used in frack fluids – if methane can escape so can benzene!

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Cuadrilla Case Study - Blackpool

  • The sites are close to Blackpool, surrounding towns and farms
  • Therefore operations are under particular close scrutiny by local residents, politicians and

regulators

  • Cuadrilla have adopted best practice in managing and drilling fracking operations in close liaison

with regulators

  • However, the need to win over and maintain public opinion by going beyond current best practice

has been an important element of their approach.

  • This includes high quality continuous monitoring of ground-gas in the near surface soils at their

well pad sites before, during and after fracking

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Establishing baseline data

Atmos Pressure CH4 CO2 Temp (BH01)

Site A, March 2012

5 10

  • 5.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 5 10 5 10

01 Mar 06 Mar 11 Mar 16 Mar 21 Mar 26 Mar 31 Mar

BH01 BH02 BH03 Gas concentration (% v/v) Temp (°C) Pressure (mbar)

Atmos Pressure CH4 CO2 Temp (BH01)

Site A, August 2012

5 10

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0

990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 5 10 5 10

01 Aug 06 Aug 11 Aug 16 Aug 21 Aug 26 Aug 31 Aug

BH01 BH02 BH03 Gas concentration (% v/v) Temp (°C) Pressure (mbar)

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Cuadrilla installed a network of 21 GasClams to monitor their current exploration sites

  • Mark Miller, CEO of Cuadrilla, said: “The monitoring device

will allow us to collect background gas levels and compare them between before, during and after our operations. Continuing with our open and transparent communications with the community, we will make this data available to the public and include this on the Cuadrilla website.” 2018 – Hydraulic fracturing can now go ahead based on solid understanding of the site Continuous monitoring is a condition

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Hierarchy of Cost-Benefits

Unmanned data Collection Efficiency savings in meeting existing legislative requirements Reduced uncertainty about gas regime Pre and Post development condition monitoring with telemetry Design appropriate remediation measures Demonstration of low risk by monitoring rather than as a consequence of remedial engineering

Present - Reactive Future - Proactive

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Former Petrol Station site

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20 40 60 80 100 120 26 Feb 28 Feb 02 Mar 04 Mar 06 Mar 08 Mar 10 Mar Concentration (ppm)

10 20 30 40 50 60

00:00 12:00 00:00 VOC (ppm) Time of Day Time Averaged Diurnal Variation

House Adjacent to Petrol Station

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Water treatment facility

  • Treats water for 1.5 Million people
  • Suspicions that industry is illegally discharging waste
  • PID has been employed to monitor for discharge
  • However;
  • Methane and H2S will affect a PID reading – but if there affects are understood and the are

monitored using different sensor then a ‘true’ VOC reading can be obtained

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Effect of H2S on VOC’s reading

5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Estimated False reading at PID sensor (ppm) Concentration of H2S in Sampled air (ppm)

PID Response due to H2S

PID Response

PID sensors will response to H2S with response factor of approx. 4

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Effect of Methane

20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 100 ppm Isobutylene Response Volume % CH4

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Due to these Phenomena if PID is used to monitor VOC’s H2S and CH4 must be measured This will: i) Validate the PID result – Prevent false positive and negatives ii) Allow significantly improved calculation of true VOC concentration if H2S and CH4 are present The following data will demonstrate the importance of this

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Installation at Site

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Raw data

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 5 10 15 20 25

Gas Concentration (ppm) Gas Concentration (% v/v)

CH4 (% v/v) VOC (ppm) H2S (ppm)

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Processed data

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 5 10 15 20 25

Gas Concentration (ppm) Gas Concentration (% v/v)

CH4 (% v/v) VOC (ppm) H2S (ppm) Estimated VOC (ppm)

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5 10 15 20 25

Gas Concentration (% v/v)

VOC (ppm) Estimated VOC (ppm)

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Monitoring Summary

  • H2S and CH4 are present in the waste water (makes sense as both gases are

produced by anaerobic bacteria)

  • PID reading will be affected by these
  • By understanding how these gasses affect PID reading it is possible to

estimate real VOC concentration

  • Without this PID reading is meaningless

This allows

  • To prevent Health hazards and ensure personal safety!
  • Allow optimization of water treatment!
  • Indentify if industry is illegally discharging waste water!
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Any Questions?

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GASCLAM

Specifications 1/2

CO2 Infrared 0-100% 1% above 50% +/- 2% FSD 0.5% below 50% CO2 Infrared 0-5%

  • CH4

Infrared 0-100% 1% above 50% +/- 2% FSD 0.5% below 50% CH4 0-5%

  • O2

Electrochemical 0-5% 0.1% +/-5% of reading +/-1 digit CO* Electrochemical 0-2000ppm 1ppm <+/-3ppm at 0 +/- 5% at 250ppm +/-10% full scale H2S* Electrochemical 0-100ppm 1ppm +/-1 ppm at 0 +/- 2% at 100ppm VOC* PID 0-4000ppm 1ppm +/-5% ppm at 0 +/- 2% at 100ppm CO Electrochemical 0-500ppm 1ppm <+/-3 ppm at 0 +/- 3% at 250ppm H2S Electrochemical 0-200ppm 1ppm <+/-1 ppm at 0 +/- 2% at 100ppm GAS TECHNOLOGY RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY DUAL CO/H2S

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GASCLAM

Specifications 2/2

Battery Lithium ion non-rechargeable Typical battery life 3 months Alkaline cells non-rechargeable

  • 1 month

Nickel metal hydride Rechargeable

  • 3 weeks

Case material High quality stainless steel Weight 7.5kg (16.8lbs) Dimensions Length 90cm (35.4in) Borehole tube length 83cm (32.6in) Head diameter 11cm (4.3in) Borehole tube diameter 4.7cm (1.85in) Ingress protection IP68 (continuous submersion) Approvals EMC, ATEX 0105 X CE Ex II 2G Ex d ib (ib) IIB T4 IECEx Ex d ib (ib) IIB T4 Gb CSA C (US & Canadian approvals) Class 1, Zone 1 (A)Ex d di IIB T4 (Certification pending: Due Jan 2019) Patents European and world-wide patented Operating temperature

  • 20oC to +50oC (-4oF to 122oF)
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Air-Met Scientific

Australian Distributor

W: www.airmet.com.au E: sales@airmet.com.au P: 1800 000 744 F: 1800 000 774

OHS & Environmental Monitoring Equipment Specialists