Ireland: Technical Development Claudio Piccinini and Mike Smith, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Physical Landscape of Britain and Northern Ireland: Technical Development Claudio Piccinini and Mike Smith, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University Janet Hooke and Katherine Hesketh, Department of Geography,
Claudio Piccinini and Mike Smith, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University Janet Hooke and Katherine Hesketh, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool
WEB MAP APPLICATION FRONT-END DATABASE http://www.landscapebritain.org.uk/
THEMATIC (e.g. the BRITICE project ) SPATIALLY RESTRICTED (e.g. GeoEast) BROAD-BRUSH(e.g. National Character Areas)
SOURCES
THIS PROJECT provide the interested professional, researcher and the general public with access to information, data and knowledge on the geomorphology of the British landscape
journal articles PhD dissertations books government reports
LEVEL1
Environment/ Landform Processes Impact Material Timescale or period Attribute within system Hazards Technique Management
LEVEL2
Aeolian Accretion agricultural impact Alluvium Annual antecedent Breach archaeology biodiversity Bog Advance climate change Bedrock Century baseline Debris flow DTM/ DEM buffer Coastal Denudation dam impact Boulders Decadal Change Drought Environmenal Magnetism buffer zone Downland Deposition desertification Clay Event chaos Erosion geochemistry catchment management Escarpment Erosion environmental impacts Colluvium Historical complex Flood geochronology/dating channelization Estuarine Fire eutrophication Consolidated Holocene coupling Landslide Geographic Information system (GIS) climate change adaptation Fells Glaciation human impacts Gravel Longer dynamic Mudflow Global Positioning System (GPS) climate change mitigation Fluvial Groundwater land - use impact Minerogenic Millenia equilibrium Pollution mapping conservation Glacial Hydraulics mining impact Organic Pleistocene Erodibility Rockfall modelling Conservation status Hills Hydrology Sea Level Rise Peat Quaternary feedback Sedimentation monitoring desalinization Karst Isostasy storm surges Sand Seasonal frequency Storm palynology Dredging Lacustrine Mass movement tourism impact Silt Tertiary Grain size Subsidence remote sensing Flood defence Lowland Migration urbanisation Soil inheritance Surge stratigraphy hard engineering marine Nutrient flux Unconsolidat ed Instability Tsunami tracer preservation Moorland Pollution magnitude Protection Mountain Retreat Rate Quarrying Periglacial Runoff regime Reclamation Plateau Sea-level resilience restoration slope Sediment transport Resistance soft engineering Structural Sedimentation return period/ recurrence interval Water resources Upland Solutes store Urban Storage sustainability Wetland Storms thresholds Tides Water quality Uplift Water flow Waves Weathering
LEVEL2 Fluvial Coastal Mass movement slopes Aeolian Glacial Periglacial Structural Karst Lake LEVEL3 Alluvial fan Bar Debris flow Cliff (slopes) Dune cirque/ corrie circles Fault cave Delta (lake) Bank Beach Landslide debris cones crag and tail patterned ground Fold dry valley bathymetry Bar berm (coastal) Mudflow Debris flow Drift polygons gorge(karst) lake Braiding breach Rockfall gullies drumlin solifluction lobes inselberg mere Buried channel Cliff(coastal) Pediment erratics stone pavement karren Catchment currents Pipes esker stripes limestone pavement Channel cusp (coastal) rills hummocks terrace pothole Cut-off Delta (coastal) scree kame sinkhole Floodplain Dune kame terrace tor Gorge (fluvial) Estuary moraine Gully headland roche mountonée Levee Lagoon Meander Nearshore Palaeochann el notch River Offshore River terraces platform Valley Saltmarsh Waterfall Spit tombolo
SQLServer
Oracle Spatial PostGreSQL/PostGIS SQLLite IBM DB2 MySQL
Interoperability
MySQL Vs. PostgreSQL/PostGIS
Spatial functions General functions Usability Upload spatial data to database tables Visualize and edit spatial data stored in database tables store, manage and analyse spatial data full-text search indexes transactions and foreign keys stored procedures in different languages statistical analyses performance of spatial operations Administration Popularity
Mysql PostgreSQL/PostGIS INTEROPERABILITY Free GIS Data and ETL Loaders OGR2OGR, shp2mysql.pl shp2pgsql, OGR2OGR, osm2pgsql, GeoKettle, Spatial Data Integrator Commercial GIS Data Loaders FME FME, Manifold, ArcGIS Server ArcSDE Free Desktop Viewers and Editors GvSIG OpenJump, QuantumGIS, GvSig, uDig Commercial Desktop Viewers and Editors FME FME, Manifold, free SpatialKit extension for ArcGIS 9.3-10.x, CadCorp, Autocad FDO, MapInfo 10+ Output other than text and binary formats (WKT, WKB) useful for mapping applications KML, SVG, GML, GEOJSON, GeoHash SPATIAL FUNCTIONS Number of spatial functions
MyISAM tables only more than 350 Spatial index R-Tree (only for MyISAM tables) R-Tree index implemented on top of GiST idex Testing spatial relationships between geometries Before MySQL 5.6.1 tests use the feature bounding rectangle X Spatial operators that produce geometries (e.g. buffer, difference, intersection, union) X Additional Metadata Views geometry_column table, geography_column view Change reference system to another on the fly X Edit geometries (add, remove, move points); transform geometries( scale shift, rotate) X Linear Referencing functions X Spatial Aggregates X Geodetic support using the geography data type (only WGS 84 long-lat and
3D Support PostGIS2.x Raster support PostGIS2.x Network routing using PgRouting
GENERAL FUNCTIONS Statistical analysis and graphs connect to R using the PL/R language Create stored procedures using different languages X Full-text-search indexes
X Foreign keys and transactions
X Query optimization It considers only the query and how it could be optimized it considers also the database structure and uses a genetic algorithm to find the most effective way of executing a query Triggers are activated by SQL statements only. However they are not activated by cascading updates and deletes even when caused by a SQL statement. can execute any user-defined function from any of its procedural languages USABILITY Limits to insert big geometries By default the ‘'max_allowed_packet' parameter is set to 16M for the mysql client program and 1mb for the server. To insert bigger geometries you will need to increase the parameter value. On shared servers MySQL it may not be possible to increase the value Performance using spatial functionalities Some tests shows it can be slower than PostGIS Storage engines 9 different storage engines, the most popular InnoDB and MyISAM. The MyISAM engine is often the only database engine offered by webhosting providers. Both support geospatial types but only MyISAM supports geospatial indexing (see the following 2 tables) You are not restricted to using the same storage engine for an entire schema and can specify the storage engine for any table. A single storage engine Asynchronous API for use by client applications X Popularity X Easy to administer X
stores the bounding boxes
UK gazetteer 1:50,000 about 260,000 point
set "GEOM"=ST_Transform(ST_GeometryFromText('SRID=4277;POINT('|| "LONG" ||' '|| "LAT" || ')'),4326);
Proj4 library : OSGB36 to WGS84
Natural reserves, National Trust properties, Sites
*Administrator manage the database structure *Data manager Add/update/delete data using the front-end *User Query the data using the web map application
REFERENCES LIST INSERT/UPDATE REFERENCES
INSERT/UPDATE ABSTRACTS INSERT/UPDATE LEVELS BOUNDING BOXES IMAGES
{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ <!--(section name=sec loop=$rs)--> { "type": "Feature", "properties": {"id":<!--($rs[sec].id|json_encode)--> <!--(foreach from=$rs[sec] key=prop item=val)--> <!--(if $prop != 'geom' && $prop != 'id')--> ,<!--($prop|json_encode)-->:<!--($val|json_encode)--> <!--(/if)--> <!--(/foreach)--> }, "geometry": <!--($rs[sec].geom)--> } <!--(if not $smarty.section.sec.last)-->,<!--(/if)--> <!--(/section)--> ] }
{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {"id":"285178" ,"NAME":"The Combe" }, "geometry": { "type":"Point", "coordinates":[-2.381338277553394,51.210511371454508]} } ] }
TEMPLATE GeoJson
if ($n>0){ for ($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++) { $others .=" OR \"NAME\"='".$places[$i]."'"; } } $sql = "select \"PLACE_ID\" as id, \"NAME\", ST_AsGeoJSON(\"GEOM\") as geom from \"public\".\"PLACE\" where \"NAME\"='".$first."'".$others; $rsdata = $this->db->Execute($sql)->GetRows(); $rs = array(); $this->assign('rs', $rsdata); $this->display($data_template);
Mobile application 3D Visualization
http://www.openwebglobe.org http://www.sencha.com/products/touch/
http://www.landscapebritain.org.uk/