Lab 5 Presentation by Group 3 Amir Chamsaz, Fredric Svensson and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Lab 5

Presentation by Group 3

Amir Chamsaz, Fredric Svensson and Kadri-Ann Valgeväli

Chapter 5

Question:

"As per Chapter 5, the medical community has paramedics, nurses, and physician's assistants to help with the range of activities. For the company's strategy, it is required to need to build a similar set of facilities to create a proactive

• rganization to ensure routine usability. How and what aspects should a

company consider to make such a proactive organization?" Group 13

Answer 1(2):

Need to be considered: Make sure that the team as a whole possesses the necessary knowledges. Getting the right people is critical, make sure that they together can perform the roles below. team members can take on many roles. Even self managed team need a leader since otherwise one will emerge. The role of the leader depends on the group and task. Bring together people from different disciplines to increase creativity. What are the roles? Vary between organizations, below you can see some important roles in UCD team listed by IBM. UCD Team Lead - Overall responsibility responsibility of UCD. User Experience Design Lead - Total user experience design responsibility in project. Visual and industrial designer - Responsibility for the overall appearance ... HCI Designer - Responsible for specifying the task flow, interaction design ... User assistance architect - Responsibility for specifying the underlying technology required... Marketing specialist - Specifies the target market, user audience ... Service support specialist - Specifies what support that should be delivered. Internationalization & terminology specialist - Ensure international audiences needs been addressed by the offering. User research specialist - Interpret UCD studies carried out in the project ...

Answer 2(2):

Common mistakes by organizations pointed out by IBM: Miss to see the need for experts such as: Human factors specialists - Represent the human factor in design Think they only need Visual designer. Visual designer - focus on visual communication and presentation Think they only need Human factor specialist. Marketing - Specifies the target market, user audience ... Have inappropriate UCD project leaders. Visual design or Human factors skills Expect people that don't have these skills to pick them up. Hire individuals with these skills but insufficient training or experience. Do not have multidisciplinary design team.

References:

"Building a Team for User-Centered Design" by Carol M. Barnum Professor of Technical Communication Southern Polytechnic State University 1100 S. Marietta Pky Marietta, GA 30060 cbamurn@spsu.edu "Beyond human-computer interaction 2nd Edition" by Roger, Preece and Sharp "https://www-01.ibm.com/software/ucd/ucd.html " "http://www.eaap.net/humanfactorsspec/ " "http://www.hcirn.com/jobs/asia/ideo.php "

Question:

"In chapter 5 it is mentioned that it is not good to have a group of usability staff working on fixing bad designs. Why is this approach guaranteed to fail? Many companies don't have so many usability staff, so it is impossible to forward the

• task. Maybe one can forward it to developers, but doesn't the usability staff

still have to redesign first?" Group 8

Answer:

I have not found any material that explained why it is a bad idea to have the approach mentioned in the papers. but... Yes, it would have been a bad idea to forward the designing to the developers since they know nothing, or just the basics of usability. Small organization Even if your company not are big enough to have specific team member for each role, you may have multi-disciplinary design by using one of the principles in ISO 13407 that states that different team members can take on multiple roles.

References:

Chapter 7. Methodology from Lab 5 "Beyond human-computer interaction 2nd Edition" by Roger, Preece and Sharp https://www-01.ibm.com/software/ucd/ucd.html

Chapter 7

Standard and non-standard methods

Question:

"Chapter 7 says that you need a standard methodology for usability work. However, most projects differ from each other to a large extent and they have different needs. This can mean that the standard method needs to be changed more or less to suit each project. How can you keep the standard methodology flexible enough to meet the different needs for the different projects, without adding too much work for customization, and are there situations where standard methodologies are not efficient?" Group 7

Answer:

The methodolgy chosen by the company should be flexible enough to fit for the different project within the company. If you find that the existing standard methods not fit the situation of the company, then it will probably be better to select another one. If the company find a standard method to not fit the company's context, then then company have three choices when choosing method: Customize the the method for this specific context. + Might require little work, but give a customized product.

• Might be costly.
• Might require a lot of time.

Find another method that better suit the organizational need. + Require little or no customization.

• Probably not customized to perfectly fit your organization.

Develop a new method. + Get a perfectly customized method.

• Might be costly.
• Might require a lot of time.
• The method have not been used by other organization.

Question:

"Standard vs. non-standard methods CH7 How do you choose between those two. To get a balance between amount of time being spent and how creative this process can get. Some info can be found in the start of chapter 7." Group 10

Answer:

Benefit with standard methods Make sure that critical steps for making a product usable not are missed. Ensures that all project follows a standard level of quality. Wide international acceptance. If you for instance say that your Form-filling dialogues follow the recommendations of "ISO 9241-17 (1998)", then this might be a good way to communicate the usability to customer. Helps the inexperienced designer. Benefit with non-standard methods Might be more customized to your organization.

References:

"Chapter 7. Methodology" http://www.iso.org/iso/about/discovers-iso_who-standards-benefits.htm http://www.usabilitypartners.se/usability/standards.shtml http://www.cs.chalmers.se/Cs/Education/Courses/mdi/2008/lectures/DesignKnowledge.pdf

Question

Group 2 According to Chapter 7 (P.2), “technology needs to be focused

• n serving the user”. If we take the example of a company

applying the technical-centered solution (design technical solution , then design interface on top of it), how to help it switching to the new way: user-centered solution (design interface first, then design technical solution to fit it)? What are the main aspects to change in first without creating an unstable situation?

Answer

You need a whole new development process The methods have to be interwoven with proper communication and handoffs between the different types of development staff. Schaffer method::The Plan Evaluation and Structure Phase:: Evaluate Current Applications:

"In this first step, you evaluate any existing applications and identify potential improvements. If the planned design is a revision of an existing application, you need to review and usability test the existing

• design. Reviewing the existing design helps you identify areas that

need special emphasis during redesign"

Question

Do you think it is possible to implement Schaffer method in the context of an agile software development process such as Scrum? If not, can you give an example of methodology which could be applied in such a context? (Chapter 7)

Answer

• 1. Software development methodologies have a different

prospective from user-centered design methodology. "These methods identify business and technical functions and database design and middleware in progress, before the user tasks and actions are identified and taken into account." Schaffer method explained in chapter 7 is an example of a UCD method based on the best practices for optimizing user experience

• 2. However, according to HFI: Schaffer method easily fits in

with Software development life cycle (SDLC) methods such as RUP

Question

In Chapter 7, “The Plan Evaluation and Structure Phase” part (P.5). It is said to “evaluate any existing applications and identify potential improvements”. This sounds really suitable for companies already working on design process. If I am creating a startup aiming to launch a completely new product, how to manage this part when I almost start from scratch? Is it possible to replace this evaluation by another step, so that I will still have some useful reference aimed by this phase?

Answer

If the planned design is a revision of an existing application, you need to review and usability test the existing design. Review related solutions Keep in mind the purpose: identify the areas which need special emphasis illustrates the impact of usability problems on the business to convince stakeholder

Question

Group 9 Chapter 7 mentions the Schaffer Method: Is there any case study of a practical application of this method in detail ? Can we identify some drawbacks ?

Answer

Schaffer method is HFI's Design Methodology and HFI has recieved the following feedbacks

Answer

RBC Financial Group (http://www.rbcroyalbank.com/) for their Web and GUI interfaces

"Usability Central provides a comprehensive and concise source for Industry Best Practices in usability. At RBC Financial Group designers and developers refer to it to ensure that our standards and templates reflect the latest understandings of Web and GUI interfaces. In-house usability specialists find it valuable as an authoritative up-to-date endorsement of their advice as they consult with clients in the Business Units."

Mary Kay Winter Usability Specialist RBC Financial Group

Answer

Anthem, Inc.

Anthem provides health benefits for over 12 million people in the US

for their web work

"Usability Central is our one essential source of usability information, and everybody trusts

• it. Usability Central is also highly customized to meet Anthem's needs. It's the foundation of

all the Web work we do." Mark Howland Executive Director of e-Business

References

Cost-justifying usability: an update for an internet age, by Randolph G. Bias and Deborah J. Mayhew The Schaffer-Weinschenk Method™ of user-centered design, Human Factors International (http://www.humanfactors. com/products/schaffermethod.asp)

Chapter 11

Question:

Group 6 In Chapter 11,where to place the usability team is dicussed. In most cases where a CXO is not possible, Is it possible to place of usabilty team in one group so that it negatively affects integration of the team with the other

• groups. If yes, how can this be improved?

Answer:

Common placements: IT/development department marketing/communications department Quality Assurance department Product Development no set formula for identifying where the usability group should belong. So the question of where the usability team should be placed within an organization needs to be determined

• n a case-by-case basis.

there are a number of variables that when clarified and considered next to one another will point significantly towards the best place for your usability group within your organization

Answer:

• 1. To what extent does your Usability group participate in the following UCD processes

Ensure UCD Content in Systems Strategy Plan and Manage the UCD process Specify stakeholder and organizational requirements Understand and specify the context of use Produce design solutions Evaluate designs against requirements Introduce and operate the system

• 2. Who are the owners and managers of:

Requirements The Design and Development process End user research Product design and development strategy

Answer:

Example if the primary focus of a usability group is the evaluation of software designs against user requirements, this group is likely be most effective if it is located with that part of the organization that is responsible for design and development process

Question:

Group 8 where in the organization should the "Central usability team" be localized? (Should it be internal and centralized within the company or distributed across it)

Answer:

Centralized structure usability professionals belong to one organizational unit (such as the Usability Department), and have their own usability manager Decentralized structure usability professionals are assigned to work on separate project teams and report to project manager Depending on the company's size and goals The best structure for a usability/UCD group may depend on the maturity of the organization. When an organization has just begun to adopt user-centered design, a strong central group can be beneficial, especially if it has visibility and a position with some clout. As the organization matures and integrates usability into all of its processes, there is less need for a central team (Norman, 1998).

Question:

Group 5 Chapter11 doc talks about 3 different organizational structures. Decentralized is one of them, however it only seems as a bad structure as it is not

• recommended. Isn’t it good in any purposes, and if not why is it even a

structure if it is not recommended?

Answer:

It is a structure as it is defined and widely used Advantages: ability of the development team (including interaction designers) to work together as a close-knit group Staying with the project team from the beginning to end of the project may increase the chances of usability recommendations being implemented For example, at Nortel Networks, after the usability group was decentralized, the human factors work became "more influential than it ever was when we had a separate

• rganization for human factors specialists" (Lindgaard, 2002).

Question:

Group 15 My question is if there are any disadadvantages in placing the usability team as a cross-functional section? My first thought was that it will add a lot more complexity to the organizational structure. Are there any real examples where CXO stationed usability teams are used?

Answer:

Cross-functional team Wikipedia: In business, a "cross functional team" is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal. It may include people from finance, marketing,

• perations, and HR departments. Typically, it includes employees from all levels of an
• rganization.

It's a team structure for project work Examples of CXO stationed usability teams

• RoundArch: President & Chief Experience Officer
• Alexander Interactive: Founder, Chief Creative & Experience Officer
• Projekt202: Chief Experience Officer

References:

Norman, D. (1998). The invisible computer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. http://www.usabilitybok.org/organizational/p648 From book, chapter 11: Organizational Structure

The end

Thank you for listening

Lab 5

Presentation by Group 1

Xavìer Hermès, Andreas Magnusson, Ishrat Ummul

Proving, selling and demonstrating usability efficiency

How can we generate a short term and long term strategy for communicating the value of usability? (Group 3)

Combine bottom-up evangelism Talk to people about usability using their business or technical language Do not try to replace well-established things − such as processes, activities and roles. Plan your steps and be patient Collect metrics of your work continually Work in team Work close to the engineering people, not apart from them Extend your professional network

How can we generate a short term and long term strategy for communicating the value of usability? (Group 3)

REFERENCES

• 1. Levi, F., Melo, P., Lucena, U.: Accessibility Implementation

Planning for Large =Governmental Websites: a Case Study. In: Proceedings of the 4th Latin American Web Congress, Cholula, Mexico, pp. 113–118 (2006)

• 2. Nielsen, J.: Jakob Nielsen’s Alertbox: Evangelizing Usability:

Change Your Strategy at the Halfway Point (2005), http://www. useit.com/alertbox/20050328.html

• 3. LCNS 4663, Evangelizing Usability to 700 People: Strategies

for Building a User-Centered Organizational Culture, Filipe Levi, Paulo Melo, Ubirajara de Lucena, Cynthia Belleza, and José Arcoverde, CESAR − Recife Center for Advanced Studies and Systems

For making budget and meet the deadlines to produce efficient usability software what steps can engineers/IT managers take? (Group 1)

System design goals:

easy to use easy to learn useful for the users

So when designing for usability, three principles of design, as identified by John Gould and Clayton Lewis early focus on users and tasks empirical measurement iterative Design

For making budget and meet the deadlines to produce efficient usability software what steps can engineers/IT managers take? (Group 1)

REFERENCES

• 1. Gould, J.D., Lewis, C.: "Designing for Usability: Key

Principles and What Designers Think", Communications of the ACM, March 1985, 28(3) http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary. ca/~saul/wiki/uploads/HCIPapers/gould-howto-2-pageperside-

• cr.pdf

Apart from convincing the right people, what other issues have to be solved and why when wanting to apply UCD in a company's design process? (Group 4)

From ISO 13 407 standard, we have the following guidelines for a system lifecycle

Apart from convincing the right people, what other issues have to be solved and why when wanting to apply UCD in a company's design process? (Group 4)

ISO 13407 identifies 4 principles of usability engineering: user involvement iterative design multi-disciplinary teamwork appropriate allocation of functions between users and the system The standard further identifies four main activities

• f usability engineering.

Apart from convincing the right people, what other issues have to be solved and why when wanting to apply UCD in a company's design process? (Group 4)

REFERENCES

• 1. Bevan, N. (2000a) Getting started with user centred design.

http://www.usabilitynet.org/trump

• 2. Bevan, N. (2000b) Basic methods for user centred design,

http://www.usabilitynet.org/trump/methods/basic/

• 3. Cost benefits evidence and case studies, Nigel Bevan, Serco

Usability Services

• 4. ISO/IEC, 13407 Human-Centred Design Processes for

Interactive Systems. 1999: ISO/IEC,13407: 1999 (E).

Apart from convincing the right people, what other issues have to be solved and why when wanting to apply UCD in a company's design process? (Group 4)

If the product/service doesn't exist, there are no related data to support what user-centered designers said, how can user-centre designers make senior managers and others believe they will get the benefits? Like how can user- centre designers show that usability testing can save money? (Group 11)

• A. Development costs can be reduced by:
• 1. Producing a product that has only relevant functionality
• 1. Detecting and fixing usability problems early in the development

process

• 1. Reducing the cost of future redesign or radical change of the

architecture to make future versions of the product more usable

• 1. Minimizing or eliminating the need for documentation
• 1. Redesigning web sites to increase revenue, not just to change the

image

• 1. Reducing the risk of product failure

If the product/service doesn't exist, there are no related data to support what user-centered designers said, how can user-centre designers make senior managers and others believe they will get the benefits? Like how can user- centre designers show that usability testing can save money? (Group 11)

• B. E-commerce sales can be improved by increasing the number of

web site customers who will:

• 1. Be able to find products that they want
• 2. Find supplementary information easily (e.g. delivery, return and

warranty information

• 3. Be satisfied with the web site and make repeat purchases
• 4. Trust the web site (with personal information and to operate

correctly)

• 5. Not require any support, or use the web site for support rather than

calling the support center

• 6. Recommend the site to others
• 7. Support and increase sales by other channels

If the product/service doesn't exist, there are no related data to support what user-centered designers said, how can user-centre designers make senior managers and others believe they will get the benefits? Like how can user- centre designers show that usability testing can save money? (Group 11)

• C. Product sales can be increased as a result of the

usability of the product:

• 1. Improving the competitive edge by marketing the

product or service as easy to use

• 1. Increasing the number of customers satisfied with the

product who will make repeat purchases and recommend the product to others

• 1. Obtaining higher ratings for usability in product

reviews

If the product/service doesn't exist, there are no related data to support what user-centered designers said, how can user-centre designers make senior managers and others believe they will get the benefits? Like how can user- centre designers show that usability testing can save money? (Group 11)

• D. Employers can benefit from easier to use systems in the following

ways:

• 1. Faster learning and better retention of information
• 1. Reducing task time and increased productivity
• 1. Reducing employee errors that have to be corrected later
• 1. Reducing employee errors that impact on the quality of service
• 1. Reducing staff turnover as a result of higher satisfaction and

motivation

• 1. Reducing time spent by other staff providing assistance when

users encounter difficulties

If the product/service doesn't exist, there are no related data to support what user-centered designers said, how can user-centre designers make senior managers and others believe they will get the benefits? Like how can user- centre designers show that usability testing can save money? (Group 11)

• E. Suppliers and/or employers can benefit from

reduced support and maintenance costs in the following ways:

• 1. Reducing support and help line costs
• 1. Reducing costs of training
• 1. Reducing maintenance costs

If the product/service doesn't exist, there are no related data to support what user-centered designers said, how can user-centre designers make senior managers and others believe they will get the benefits? Like how can user- centre designers show that usability testing can save money? (Group 11)

REFERENCES

• 1. Bias, G. and Mayhew, D. (Eds) (1994). Cost-Justifying
• Usability. Academic Press, NewYork
• 2. Cost benefits evidence and case studies, Nigel Bevan, Serco

Usability Services

Sarah Bloomer in her article recommends demonstrating usability ROI and

• ther benefits to the right people at the right time. This ultimately requires

leadership skills to get attention? I wonder to know what kind of leadership skills a usability engineer should have and how to develop those skills? (Group 7)

• 1. Lead By Example.
• 2. Passion.
• 3. Be Organized.
• 4. Delegate.
• 5. Take Ownership and Responsibility.
• 6. Communicate Effectively.
• 7. Be Brave and Honest.
• 8. Great Listener.
• 9. Know Your People.
• 10. Be a Follower.

Sarah Bloomer in her article recommends demonstrating usability ROI and

• ther benefits to the right people at the right time. This ultimately requires

leadership skills to get attention? I wonder to know what kind of leadership skills a usability engineer should have and how to develop those skills? (Group 7)

Leadership Key Qualities

Sarah Bloomer in her article recommends demonstrating usability ROI and

• ther benefits to the right people at the right time. This ultimately requires

leadership skills to get attention? I wonder to know what kind of leadership skills a usability engineer should have and how to develop those skills? (Group 7)

How to develop our leadership skills: Hard Work and Self-Motivation Task Management Problem Solving Skills Communicative Skills Ability to Inspire

Sarah Bloomer in her article recommends demonstrating usability ROI and

• ther benefits to the right people at the right time. This ultimately requires

leadership skills to get attention? I wonder to know what kind of leadership skills a usability engineer should have and how to develop those skills? (Group 7)

REFERENCES

• 1. http://www.instigatorblog.com/10-essential-business-

leadership-skills/2007/04/16/

• 1. http://www.helium.com/items/655881-how-to-develop-

leadership-skills?page=2

Is usability a really good approach for projects?

In the article they mention usability myths. As an example of a myth they say that "Users do not need better interfaces, just better training" Are there any situations where this statement actually can be true? (Group 14)

For some companies this can hold, because of their successful products without usability thinking, BUT Example of two national research projects (called KÄYPRO, KESSU) in Finland between 1997 and 2003.

• Encountered problems:

Missing or only Partial Usability Engineering Activities Results of Usability Activities not Considered Quality Problems Knowledge and Skills Problems Efficiency Problems Low Organizational Positions Organizational Conflicts Ethical Misconducts Frustration

In the article they mention usability myths. As an example of a myth they say that "Users do not need better interfaces, just better training" Are there any situations where this statement actually can be true? (Group 14)

REFERENCES

• 1. Performance Rather than Capability Problems, Insights from

Assessments of Usability Engineering Processes, Timo Jokela, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu University, Finland

Bloomer & Croft (1997) mention several arguments for pitching UCD to a company and what advantages it can bring. But what are the drawbacks of UCD and when is it not suitable?(Group 4)

For Jess McMullin (consultant in innovation and value of design):

• 1. In placing the user at the center of the process, UCD
• ften ignores other aspects and the process and

projects become unbalanced

• 1. Putting the user at the center of the process and setting

the metrics for project success implies that user- centered design is the “right” approach

• 1. UCD information is rarely put in terms that resonate with
• thers outside the field

Bloomer & Croft (1997) mention several arguments for pitching UCD to a company and what advantages it can bring. But what are the drawbacks of UCD and when is it not suitable?(Group 4)

REFERENCES

• 1. http://www.boxesandarrows.

com/view/searching_for_the_center_of_design

Usability and development process

When both resources and time are limited, how can the development team still apply the best way and most amount of usability? How can you make the most out of it?(Group 8) One example is Cooper’s goal directed design He advocates five significant changes to the conventional methods of software development

• 1. Design first; program second
• 1. Separate responsibility for design from responsibility for programming
• 1. Hold designers responsible for product quality and user satisfaction
• 1. Define one specific user for your product; then invent a persona—give that

user a name and an environment and derive his or her goals

• 1. Work in teams of two: designer and design communicator

When both resources and time are limited, how can the development team still apply the best way and most amount of usability? How can you make the most out of it?(Group 8)

REFERENCES

• 1. the Goal Directed Design Process, Alan Cooper, Gain AIGA

Journal of Design for the Network Economy Volume 1, Number 2, 2001

Bloomer and Croft recommend finding “champions” among managers both within the IT and across other business units. They fund usually the development process and consequently also usability activities. Is there a potential conflict if they want drop into the process and make „recommendations“? (Group 13)

This is a project management problem But it stay on communication, team work and project management It could stay on company’s rules of project management and hierarchical position

Depends on what software you are developing If the software is:

Developed for different types of users use user-centered design Developed for one type of users and you know how the user acts then you can use system-centered design

Typical system-centered design method is the waterfall model

Which one is better between learning system-centric method and learning user centered design and why? In what type of projects is learning system-centric method or learning user centered design better compared to the other one? (Group 13)

Which one is better between learning system-centric method and learning user centered design and why? In what type of projects is learning system-centric method or learning user centered design better compared to the other one? (Group 13)

The waterfall model

REFERENCES

• 1. Costabile M F.: “Usability in the software life cycle",

Handbook of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (2000) http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10. 1.1.24.9076&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Which one is better between learning system-centric method and learning user centered design and why? In what type of projects is learning system-centric method or learning user centered design better compared to the other one? (Group 13)

Usability and the external world

It seems like during 1997, organizations wasn’t very convinced about usability

• effects. Have that changed now or are companies still not convinced about the

importance of usability in product developments? (Group 10)

No surveys on that point but now companies are aware that:

Usability is the image of company’s brand Feedbacks from users are important (for present and futur) Usability allow to get some substantial benefits if use in a good way Usability has been claimed to be part of the product development process by experts since 10 years of more, it entered the head of administration and company’s boards

Qualifications and Requirements

Qualification of usability practitioners Bachelor Degree in CS,IS or related field Certification Program such as HFI(Human Factors International), Macademian certified core understanding and feeling for design Past Experience Reputation (includes any specific good work) Team work ability Certification Program Macademian Certification Macadamian’s usability and user interaction certification program offers a scientific, rigorous approach to the principles of user interaction. Macadamian Usability Certification Program will recognize usability expertise regardless of whether you're designing websites, software applications, consumer goods, hardware, IVRs or processes.

How the usability practitioners to be qualified? What is the essential key requirements? It only mentioned advanced degrees certifications and proven track record in the paper. Can it be more detail? (Group 9)

Programme Offers usability courses to help to achieve one of three certifications: Certified User Interaction Practitioner (CUIP) Certified User Interaction Researcher (CUIR) Certified User Interaction Designer (CUID) What You Get As a Macadamian Usability Certified practitioner, you will have earned the right to claim and acknowledge your user experience knowledge and expertise. This certification can bring you: Greater credibility within your organization More influence and authority over decisions that affect user interaction and product success Greater contributions to customer satisfaction and, ultimately, the success of your

• rganization.

Better promotion and employment opportunities. Macadamian Usability Certified User Interaction Researchers, Designers and Practitioners receive an authenticated certification diploma.

How the usability practitioners to be qualified? What is the essential key requirements? It only mentioned advanced degrees certifications and proven track record in the paper. Can it be more detail? (Group 9)

References

http://www.macadamian. com/certification_program/course_descriptions/ http://www.cv.ee/too/m-partner/usability-manager--- gaming-d119854.html http://www.travail-emploi.com/? q=jobs/offres/Usability_Manager

How the usability practitioners to be qualified? What is the essential key requirements? It only mentioned advanced degrees certifications and proven track record in the paper. Can it be more detail? (Group 9)

Cross cultural product model

Cross-Cultural Design There are many dimensions to cultural diversity. Products and interfaces designed for one culture may not fit another. Furthermore, methods and tools used to design products and interfaces need to be adapted in this culturally diverse world. There cannot be a one-size-fits-all

• approach. Cultural differences need to be understood and addressed while delivering solutions

within optimized cost and effort. Cross cultural product model design and strategy :

In the large companies the specialists identify differences between cultures when designing cross cultural products. Present an example of a model, design strategy which is normally used and which can also be used in a small company to design such cross cultural products. (Group 7)

Use of the proposed model provide a comprehensive insight into socio-cultural factors of the target market that affect the interface

• design. It will also provide information about the methods to be

used in the area of cross-cultural usability evaluation. The model can also be used across the broad range of interface design for a global market, which could be adapted by eEnterprise sites, digital libraries, online banks, travel agents, kiosks and much more.

In the large companies the specialists identify differences between cultures when designing cross cultural products. Present an example of a model, design strategy which is normally used and which can also be used in a small company to design such cross cultural products. (Group 7)

References

1.Bourges-Waldegg, P. & Scrivener, A. R. (1998). Meaning; the Central Issue in Cross-Cultural HCI

• Design. Interacting with Computers Special Issue. 9, (3), p. 287-309.

2.The evaluation methods used is still a point of contention as some literature advices the use of the same methods across cultures but more recent material is available where suggestions are made for the use of different methods for the different cultures. 3.Del Galdo, E. (2001). Internationalisation then and now. Designing for global markets. Conference (6th. 2001). Proceedings of the third international workshop on internationalisation of products and systems. Edited by D. Day & L. Duckley. 4.Buckinghamshire: The Open University. p.15-18.Del Galdo, E. & Nielsen, J. (1996). International User Interfaces. New York: Wiley Publishing. 5.Fernandes, T. (1995). ‘Global interface design’. Human Factors and Computer Systems. Conference (5th. 1995). Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems. Edited by I. Katz et al. New York: ACM Press. p.363-364. 6.Gunter, K. & Randall D. (2003). “Is it cheaperonline?” Cultural motivations for Internet shopping’. Culture and HCI: Bridging the Culturaland Digital Divides. Conference (6th: 2003). 7.Proceedings of the 2nd British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Workshop. Edited by

• K. Gunter et al. London: University of Greenwich. p.57-71.Hall, P. (2001). ‘The cross-cultural web’. Designing

for global markets. Conference (6th. 2001).

In the large companies the specialists identify differences between cultures when designing cross cultural products. Present an example of a model, design strategy which is normally used and which can also be used in a small company to design such cross cultural products. (Group 7)

Thank you for listening