Lighting with Power over Ethernet (PoE), an IT Convergence - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Exponation

AIA Provider Number: 70119700

Lighting with Power over Ethernet (PoE), an IT Convergence

LEDSSNW16-S11

Scott Ziegenfus, Hubbell Lighting Inc.

9.22.16

Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional

• education. As such, it does not

include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction

• r any method or manner of

handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

_______________________________________ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion

• f this presentation.

Course Description Learning Objectives

• The listener will be able to understand what

the term PoE means and what it does not mean in benefits and capabilities when associated with a lighting systemPoE network architecture and how it can be applied to lighting along with NEC and UL.

• The listener will gain knowledge of IEEE

802.3 Ethernet PoE network architecture and how it can be applied to lighting along with NEC and UL considerations.

• The listener will acquire a good

understanding of the basic technology and terminology of a PoE lighting infrastructure. to move data along with power.

• The listener will understand where PoE fits

in the goals of lighting for the future in the world if IoT. This session will give an overview of lighting within the PoE landscape, how PoE lighting works within the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard, and some NEC and UL considerations with PoE. Finally we will discuss how PoE can lay the wired foundation of the possibilities of the Internet

• f Things (IoT) and where it can help take us

in the future.

PoE = Power over Ethernet

• PoE is an INDUSTY TERM somewhat defined but not well

defined like food labeled “Natural”

• Generally PoE means at least
• Low voltage power over the same network type infrastructure

and on the same wires that data CAN be sent.

• A PoE application may or may not follow recognized IEEE

802.3 standards made for PoE BUT!

What is the meaning of 'natural' on the label of food? From a food science perspective, it is difficult to define a food product that is 'natural' because the food has probably been processed and is no longer the product of the

• earth. That said, FDA has not developed a definition for use of the term natural or its
• derivatives. However, the agency has not objected to the use of the term if the food

does not contain added color, artificial flavors, or synthetic substances. http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm214868.htm

• The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard is the most common

protocol for the foundation of any wired network and PoE is the power transport part of that network.

• PoE is NOT the data (message) or the Application

“It’s the highway not the cars”

What is PoE within a Network

Software and Software Addresses Connections and Hardware Addresses TCP/UDP Telnet FTP HTTP

= =

IP Ethernet Wi-Fi ARCNET BACnet

2 Data 1 Physical 3 Network 4 Transport 5 Session 6 Presentation 7 Application

= = Ethernet forms the foundation of wired networks The DATA and Application That PoE is not

PoE and IEEE Standards

• IEEE 802.3 defines the Ethernet standard
• Clause 33 of the IEEE 802.3 Standard defines PoE
• af- Addenda published 2003, DTE Power via MDI. (known as

PoE)

• at- Addenda published 2009, DTE Power Enhancements. (Known

as PoE+)

• bt-Addenda in committee, DTE Power via MDI over 4-Pair (Known

as PoE++)

• Networks applying these standard are considered PoE
• Remember a system may claim PoE without applying these

standards IEEE 802.3 ETHERNET WORKING GROUP http://www.ieee802.org/3/index.html CLAUSE 33 in IEEE 802.3

• Terminology
• Power Device (PD) = receives power
• Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) = supplies power
• Endpoint PSE= Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) that is located at

an endpoint

• Midspan PSE=:Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) that is located

within a link segment that is distinctly separate from and between the endpoints

• PoE Splitter= adapter that lets non-PoE devices work in a PoE

network by pulling power to the end node but not the data

What is IEEE802.3 af (PoE) / at(PoE+)

• Power defined over 2 pair wires with 2 operation modes
• MODE A = DATA & Power same wire
• MODE B =DATA & Power separate wires
• Compatibility - PSEs may support Mode A only or Mode B only
• r Modes A & B and the same goes for PDs.
• Midspan PSEs are only MODE B

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE+) Modes

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

Modes in PSE and PD must be COMPATABLE!!!

A & B PSE B PD

GOOD

A PSE A or B PD

GOOD

A PSE B PD

BAD

• Power Ranges

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

PSE Supply Parameters Voltage Min Voltage Max Current Max at steady state Power Max PSE Supplied af 44 V 57V 350mA 15.4W PSE supplied at 50V 57V 600mA 30.0W

• Mid span architecture can minimizes loss
• Midspan injector can be placed in the lighting space/room/area
• DC loop resistance minimized
• This topology can be adapted to any PoE lighting architecture
• PoE injectors can be down to a single port injector

IEEE 802.3 af and at Losses

DATA Closet (IDF/MDF) Layer 2 Network Switch (no PoE) Ethernet (Data Only) 100m Wall or Ceiling rack Ethernet w/ PoE (Data and power) PoE Midspan Injector (add Power)

• Ethernet and PoE Wiring standard
• af wiring uses a listed TIA-568 Category 3 (Cat3) or

better wire.

• at wiring uses a listed TIA-568 Category 5e (Cat5e) or

better wire.

• Wiring spans maximum is 100m or 328 ft end to end
• All wires home run from any PD (endpoint) to a PSE.
• Single wire connection from any PD to a single

endpoint

IEEE 802.3 af/at Ethernet wiring

TAKE AWAY FOLLOWS THE SAME RULES AS STANDARD ETHERENT COPPER WIRING. DISTANCE / CONNECTIONS / TOPOLOGY *Remember the DC power losses

IEEE 802.3 af/at Ethernet wiring

• PSE Detection of PDs
• At initial power up there is a detection operation for PoE so as

to not damage equipment not designed for PoE.

• PDs may show at power up a Classification signature showing

the maximum power a PD can receive but is optional.

• PD default classification for no signature is 0 being that is the

same as class 3, maximum for af.

• Classification signature is for better efficiency

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

PoE Power Classification for IEEE 802.3 af and IEEE 802.3 at for 2 pair cabling at only PoE Power Class 1 2 3 4 PSE MAx Power available 4.0W 7.0W 15.4W 30.0W PD Max device power 3.84W 6.49W 12.95W 25.5W

TAKE AWAY DEVICES THAT ARE ETHERENT BUT NOT PoE WILL NOT BE DAMAGED BY PLUGGIN INTO A PSE DEVICE

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

• Energy Efficiency
• Energy Efficiency of PoE Lighting systems is dependent on 3

variables

• Electrical efficiency of PSE
• Electrical efficiency of DC‐DC conversion in Luminaire
• Electrical energy losses of cabling (distance and resistance) can

be up to 20%

• Example; PSE sends maximum power at minimum voltage to PD. Using a

standard Cat5e cable with a length of 100m attains a resistance of approx.12.5 Ω

• This is a major consideration for lighting
• ANSI C137 Lighting Systems Committee is working on a standard

for cable efficiency

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

losses Cat5e is 15% Loss = (600mA)2*12.5Ω = 4.50W Power at PD = 30.0W- 4.50W = 25.50W

IEEE 802.3 af (PoE) / at (PoE++)

TAKE AWAY Power of the Source (PSE) is not the same level of power at the Device (PD) Power losses to the PD is all about the cable used and the distance run.

• NEW IEEE 802.3 bt PoE standard coming for higher power
• 2-pair systems. Compatibility with existing equipment will be

maintained (Just added to scope)

• Capability of up to 90W at the PSE.
• This is a 4 pair installation (4PPoE)
• Proposed 8 classifications
• Still in committee

More Power IEEE 802.3 bt (PoE++)

• Cisco Universal Power Over Ethernet (UPoE)
• Using all 4 pair for 60 W at the PSE
• Power at PD (100m cable) 51W available at PD
• Cat5e or better cable
• UPoE, Power is proprietary, Datalink is standard Ethernet
• Cisco UPoE network switches can auto discover and provide

UPoE, PoE, and PoE+

• A UPoE, PoE, and PoE+ PD can go on a UPoE Cisco Switch
• Only a PoE and PoE+ can connect to a non Cisco Switch

Cisco Proprietary UPoE

TAKE AWAY TODAY 2 PAIR IS COVERED BY THE STANDARD AND USE OF ALL 4 PAIR IS NOT HIGHER THEN 30 WATTS AT THE PSE WILL BE OR PROPRIATARY. UNTIL IEEE 802.3 BT IS PUBLISHED

Proprietary PoE with Data

• LEDs Lighting is naturally circuited for PoE

Transformer to change voltage from high to low Rectifier to change form AC to DC Light Engine Circuit

WHAT PoE IS DESIGNED FOR

• PoE has the power for LEDs Lighting

Troffers power less then IEEE 802.3at easily found Downlight power less then IEEE 802.3af and at easily found Wall Washers power less then IEEE 802.3af and at easily found

Dimmable LED Driver Circuit from www.brighthubengineering.com

Why PoE and Lighting

2 basic PoE Topologies with Lighting Systems

• Partially Distributed
• Fully Distributed
• Lighting System Gateway
• Lighting gateway is a PD that communicates directly to a PSE
• The gateway will also include a splitter to separate the PoE power for non-PoE compliant

devices.

• A gateway is a protocol translator taking Ethernet and protocols that ride over Ethernet and

mapping it to the protocols of the lighting system

Common PoE lighting Topologies

• Groups of Lighting fixture and controls are attached to a

lighting node or controller. Lighting nodes or controllers are attached to the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet based network.

Partially Distributed PoE Lighting

PROS and CONS

 Less IPv4 address used  IT control stops at the controller  IT knowledge only required to the controller  Less points for cybersecurity  Separated by controller groups  Command and monitor of controller  Setup by controller areas  Can be wired multiple topologies from controller to device (star, daisy-chain, T-Tap)  Larger point of failure at controller

• All Lighting fixture and controls are attached directly the IEEE

802.3 Ethernet based network.

Fully Distributed PoE Lighting

PROS and CONS

 More IPv4 address used  More IT control  More IT knowledge required  More points for cybersecurity  Device separation for device changeability  Command and monitor of individual device  Individual device setup  Separate homerun from each device  Isolated failure to a single device

Integrated Architecture

• Can use the existing Infrastructure saving

labor, cabling, and hardware

• Campus network in place
• Remote access is only a function of

routing

• Cybersecurity is a greater factor
• Network reliability based on every device,

PC, server, and system on the network

• Under the corporate IT doctrine and

management authority for protocols, addressing and regulations

Separate Architecture

• All new cabling and hardware
• Campus network not in place
• Cybersecurity not a concern
• Remote access medium and methodology

is a separate install

• Network reliability solely based on lighting

system

• Not part of the IT management of the

building

Connecting to the Buildings IT

• IEEE 802.3 standards for PoE conforms with the existing IT network

architecture within any buildings or campuses.

• Building Networks are based on an Ethernet backbone and ome more

progressive Building networks are based with an PoE backbone that

• pens further the possibility to interconnect the lighting system within the

buildings existing It infrastructure

• UL “list” PoE lighting equipment PDs under UL 2108
• “Standard for Low Voltage Lighting Systems”.
• “A wiring system conforming to the Standard for Ethernet,

IEEE 802.3 that uses category 5 (CAT 5) or similar cables and connectors to concurrently carry power and data, with voltage and power within the class 2 limits of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70. Also covers POE+.”

• Covers both IEEE 802.3 at and af and other proprietary

PoE standards

• UL “list” PoE lighting equipment PSE under
• UL 60950-1 “Information Technology Equipment”
• UL 62368-1 “AV and Information communication equipment”
• UL 61010-2 “industrial equipment”

UL consideration of PoE Lighting

• PoE lighting power sources and circuits under article

725

• “Class1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-control, signaling,

and power-limited circuits”.

• Article 725
• “characterized by usage and power limitations that

differentiate them from electric light and power circuits”

• allowing for a vastly simplified installation
• significant reduction of the risk of injury or shock
• Limited Power Sources are covered under 715.121 which

limits power listed in Chapter 9, Table 11(a) for AC and 11(b) for DC.

• power limitation of 100 VA

(NEC) Considerations PoE Lighting

• NFPA 70 (NEC) 2017 additions to cover PoE
• 725.121 (A) 4 – Power Source (for PoE that means PSEs) now extended the

former “listed information technology equipment limited power circuits” to adding audio/video, communications, industrial equipment. This puts PoE for lighting firmly in the 725 realm. Was some interpretation if PoE for lighting was covered within 725 before this change

• “Informational note” - Allow UL markings for PSE devices of 62368-1 for AV and

communication equipment and 61010-2 for industrial equipment along with the more traditional information technology power supplies of 60950-1PoE network power sources with a UL 60950-1 “listing” added for Listed power sources

• Article 411 for Low-voltage Lighting (UL2108) was previously only 30 Volts

maximum but now lists 30 Volts AC and 60 Volts DC, except in wet conditions is ½ that. This allows PoE with a 57 Volt limit to be covered as a Low-Voltage lighting System per Article 411.

• Previously was for the AHJ to allow PoE to a low-voltage lighting system as per the NEC
• 725.144 – Is specific to Transmission of Power and Data together (which is

PoE) and has been added that clarifies the ampacity/temp rating/size/# limits of cables

• Always Check with your local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

(NEC) Changes PoE Lighting

UL consideration of PoE Lighting

TAKE AWAY It is all low voltage under 57 Volts which is safer then the normal 120 or 277 of Lighting fixtures and panels.

• Emergency Lighting Circuits as listed in Article 700 of NFPA70 (NEC)

does not take into account PoE or IEEE 802.3 at/af standards.

• Emergency lighting circuit power source does not adapt to a PSE network

switch

• Adaption may be capable with a Centralized or Decentralized PoE lighting

system but would be a proprietary operation on the Lighting system side of the gateway.

• Emergency lighting direct control to Illuminaires article 700.24 needs to

be “listed”

• Fixtures must be listed for use in emergency systems which in all

practicality mean either UL924 or UL1008

Emergency Lighting with PoE

TAKE AWAY The NEC dose not take into account PoE Lighting for Emergency lighting circuits. Emergency lighting may be separate or the PoE lighting system may have a proprietary solution, ASK!

Emergency Lighting with PoE

• A basis in any buildings networks physical architecture is the

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard.

• Ethernet is the predominant hardwire topology for physical and

datalink layers (OSI) model of networking.

• IEEE 802.3 forms the physical foundation that IoT protocols like

IPv6, TCP, UDP, COAP, and HTTP sit upon.

• Taking IEEE 802.3 closer to the fixture for both power and data

eliminates the hardware challenges of data exchange and puts the data exchange fully into the software realm.

PoE the Ground work for IoT

• Today practical power application is about 25 Watts per

device but in the future up to 90 Watts is expected.

• Lighting systems using PoE can come in multiple

verities form a single PoE entry point to multiple to every fixture.

• PoE devices claiming IEEE standard compatibility have

a discovery feature so non-PoE devices cannot be damaged.

• Less Safety concerns with PoE by UL and NEC but no

real emergency lighting direction as of yet.

• Adopting PoE and the IEEE standards to the lighting

system opens the door wide to IoT possibilities.

Points to take away

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

Hubbell Lighting Inc.

Scott Ziegenfus, CEM, CLEP,

CDSM, GGP, GPCP, LEED AP

Manager, Government and Industry Relations sziegenfus@hubbell.com