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Low Temperature Investigation on the Combined Recycling of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Steel Slag in Asphalt Mixture Ki Hoon Moon Augusto Cannone Falchetto Michael P. Wistuba Gabriele Tebladi Oh Sun Kwon Tokyo, Japan, November 20-21, 2017

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Low Temperature Investigation on the Combined Recycling of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Steel Slag in Asphalt Mixture

Tokyo, Japan, November 20-21, 2017

Ki Hoon Moon Augusto Cannone Falchetto Michael P. Wistuba Gabriele Tebladi Oh Sun Kwon

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

  • Introduction
  • Materials and Experimentation
  • Results and Analysis
  • Summary and Conclusions

Outline

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

Introduction

  • Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Electric Arc

Furnace Steel Slag (EAFSS) are commonly used for asphalt pavement construction.

  • Approximately 70 million tons of RAP are reused for

pavement application in US, and 47 million tons of RAP are reused in Europe, making RAP one of the most recycled materials.

  • Several studies were performed to address the use of

EAFSS in asphalt mixtures.

  • However,

not many studies can be found

  • n

the combined use of these materials.

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

Experimentally investigate the effect of adding different amounts of RAP and EAFSS on the creep and fracture response of asphalt mixtures at low temperature. Based on:

  • Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) tests
  • Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) tests

Quick look at Permanent Deformation and Skid Resistance

Research Objective

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

Materials and Testing

Table 1. Asphalt mixtures

Materials

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

Materials and Testing

BBR creep testing

reduced time α coefficient of thermal contraction

  • f asphalt mixture

Figure 1. BBR Device

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

t t

t E D t d E t D d τ τ τ τ τ τ = ⋅ − = − ⋅

∫ ∫

( ') ( ) ( ) ( ') ' ( ( ) '( )) ' ' '

t

d d T E d E t t dt d dt

ξ

ε ξ α σ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ

−∞ −∞

∆ = ⋅ − = ⋅ −

∫ ∫

  • Relaxation modulus, E(t)
  • Thermal stress

/

T

t a ξ =

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

Materials and Testing

SCB fracture testing

f f lig

W G A =

  • Semi-circular shape with diameter of 150mm, thickness
  • f 30mm and straight vertical central notch of 15mm
  • The sample is placed on a frame consisting of two fixed

rollers and having a span of 120mm. The fracture energy, Gf: Wf work of fracture Alig area of ligament Figure 2. SCB Test

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

Materials and Testing

SCB testing

The fracture toughness (critical stress intensity factor), KIc : where, KIc mode I stress intensity factor Pc peak load r radius t thickness YI normalized stress intensity factor a notch length Δs0 geometry parameter B parameter depending on a and r

( / )

[ / (2 )] ( / )

Ic c I S r

K P r t a Y s r B π   = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ∆ ⋅  

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

Materials and Testing

Resistance to permanent deformation

  • German standard FGSV TP Asphalt -StB,

Part 25 A1 (2010).

Skid resistance Figure 3b. Wehner/Schulze machine

  • German Standard TP Gestein-StB,

Part 5.4.2 (2010).

Polierstation Griffigkeitsmessung

polishing friction measurement

Figure 3a. Stamp test

specimen stamp

T = +50 °C

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Results and Analysis

Creep Tests Results

Figure 4. Creep stiffness (left) and m-value (right) mixture results at 60s (lowPG+10ºC)

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Results and Analysis

Thermal stress and critical cracking temperature results

Figure 5. σ(T) comparison (2ºC/h and 20ºC/h cooling rate) PG 58-28 mixture PG 58-34 mixture

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Results and Analysis

Thermal stress and critical cracking temperature results

Table 2. Critical cracking temperature, TCR, comparison (PG 58-28 mixture)

  • For 75% EAFSS+25% RAP, and 25% RAP, higher σ(T) and TCR were

found compared to mixtures designed with virgin material for both binder.

  • When the aggregate skeleton was entirely (100%) replaced with EAFSS,

a very close response to that of mixtures prepared with conventional aggregates was observed, both in terms of thermal stress and critical cracking temperature.

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Results and Analysis

Thermal stress and critical cracking temperature results

Figure 6. Statistical comparison of σ(T) PG 58-28 mixture PG 58-34 mixture

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Results and Analysis

Fracture energy and fracture toughness

Table 3. SCB test results Figure 7. Load vs. LLD curves for PG58-28 and PG58-34 mixtures

Mixture Fracture energy: GF (J/m2) Fracture toughness: KIc (MPa*m0.5) Control E100% E75%+R25% R25% Control E100% E75%+R25% R25% 58-28 mixture 0.446 0.599 0.512 0.381 1.106 1.324 1.234 1.026 58-34 mixture 0.495 0.641 0.567 0.420 1.157 1.383 1.279 1.100

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Results and Analysis

Resistance to permanent deformation

Figure 8. Results of mixture penetration test TP Asphalt -StB, Part 25 A1 (2010)

  • A decrease

in permeant deformation is achieved for mixtures containing both RAP and EAFSS.

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 A B C D E F G H Penetration depth (mm) Mixture

PG58-28 PG58-34

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Results and Analysis

Skid resistance

  • The results were addressed by measuring the friction

coefficients after 90,000 and 180,000 polishing cycles.

  • An overall decrease was found for larger contents of

EAFSS: from a value of 0.245 and 0.221 for 90,000 and 180,000 cycles in the case of virgin material to 0.198 and 0.172 for mixture prepared with 100% slags.

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

  • The effect of the combined use of RAP and EAFSS
  • n

the low temperature creep and fracture performances of asphalt mixture was experimentally investigated based on BBR mixture creep SCB fracture test. Eight asphalt mixtures with two different asphalt binder were prepared and tested.

  • In addition, a preliminary investigation on permanent

deformation and skid resistance was performed.

Summary and Conclusions

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Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

  • BBR results indicate that mixture prepared with 100%

EAFSS aggregate have similar low temperature response to that of conventional mixtures.

  • Mixtures containing a combination of EAFSS (75%)

and RAP (25%) shows higher thermal stresses and critical cracking temperature.

  • Better fracture performances were found for EAFSS

100% and EAFSS 75%+RAP 25% mixtures.

  • Better resistance to permanent deformation and lower

friction coefficient are exhibited by mixture prepared with EAFSS.

Summary and Conclusions

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Acknoledgements Laboratory Team

Institut für Straßenw esen T U B r a u n s c h w e i g

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Topics

  • Bitumen aging mechanisms and characterization
  • Chemo-mechanical coupling
  • Low, intermediate and high temperature behavior
  • Microstructure and micro-mechanics
  • Thermal properties
  • Recycling and rejuvenation
  • Nanotechnology for bituminous materials
  • Multiphase analysis of binders

Important Dates

  • Nov. 27th, 2017

Submission of paper open

  • Apr. 10th, 2018

Submission of paper due

  • Jun. 1st, 2018

Notification of papers acceptance

  • Sept. 17-18th, 2018 RILEM 252-CMB Symposium
  • Sept. 19-20th, 2018 RILEM Annual Meeting

RILEM-CMB-SYMPOSIUM BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY SEPTEMBER 17–18, 2018

CHEMO MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BITUMINOUS MATERIALS

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RILEM-CMB-SYMPOSIUM BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY SEPTEMBER 17–18, 2018

CHEMO MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BITUMINOUS MATERIALS

Contributions and Publication

  • Authors can submit a short 6-page document per email (n.essmann@tu-bs.de)
  • Papers must be written and presented in English.
  • The 20 best contributions will be selected for oral presentation,
  • ut of which 6 papers will be invited to submit an extended version

for consideration in the International Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design.

Sponsors and exhibitors

A specific area of the conference venue will be devoted to sponsors and exhibitors to present the latest products, testing equipment and technology for asphalt materials characterization and innovation.

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RILEM-CMB-SYMPOSIUM BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY SEPTEMBER 17–18, 2018

CHEMO MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BITUMINOUS MATERIALS

Conference Chairs

Chair: Lily Poulikakos, EMPA, Switzerland Chair: Augusto Cannone Falchetto, TU Braunschweig, Germany Co-Chair: Bernhard Hofko, TU Wien, Austria Co-Chair: Laurent Porot, Kraton, Netherlands Co-Chair: Hervé Di Benedetto, Université de Lyon, France Co-Chair: Michael P. Wistuba, TU Braunschweig, Germany

Secretariat

Nina Eßmann, Technische Universität Braunschweig, ISBS - Braunschweig Pavement Engineering Centre, Beethovenstraße 51 b, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Phone: +49 (0)531-391 62051 n.essmann@tu-bs.de

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Thank you!