Major recorded HABrelated events in Malaysia: 20142016 Po T e e n - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Major recorded HABrelated events in Malaysia: 20142016 Po T e e n - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 23, 2023 216 likes •596 views

www.harmfulalgae.info T o wa rd the future d e ve lo pme nt o f HAB sc ie nc e in the We ste rn Pa c ific Wha t we kno w, a nd wha t we d o no t kno w o n HABs Major recorded HABrelated events in Malaysia: 20142016 Po T e

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Major recorded HAB‐related events in Malaysia: 2014‐2016

Po T e e n L IM

H.C. L im, S.T . T e ng , K .S. Hii, T .H. T a n, N.F . K

  • n, R. Ra za li, S.N.

T a n, W.L .S L a u, I . K . L a w, G.R. L io w, N.I . Musta pa , H.L . Yo ng , H.H. E r, Z.F . L im, L .K . L e e , Gire s Usup, Chui Pin L e a w

UM, T ARUC, UNI MAS, UKM

T

  • wa rd the future d e ve lo pme nt o f HAB sc ie nc e in the We ste rn Pa c ific –

Wha t we kno w, a nd wha t we d o no t kno w o n HABs

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www.harmfulalgae.info 2014‐2016 EVENTS

PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING

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PSP inc id e nts in K ua nta n Po rt

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PSP incidents in Kuantan Port

  • Nov 2013: 3 were hospitalized
  • Aug 2014: 10 hospitalized; shellfish

toxicity up to 3,500 µg STX/100g (DoF)

  • Sept 2014: Alexandrium = 1000 cells/L
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www.harmfulalgae.info Causative organism of PSP incidents in Kuantan was later confirmed as A. tamiyavanichii based on morphology, molecular detection and the toxin profile. Research monitoring effort: 2015‐2016

  • No recurrence of bloom,
  • Low densities

Liow et al. (in prep)

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PSP inc id e nt in Sung a i Ge ting

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Surve y re sults fro m the 2015 b lo o m e ve nt

Ale xandrium minutum Sa xito xins-pro d uc ing po pula tio n wa s c o nfirme d b y sxtA q PCR a ssa y

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0.5 × 106

Alexandrium (cells L‐1)

3 × 107 4 × 106 1 × 106 1 × 105 1 × 107

Law et al. (in prep)

R e gulator y c losur e

200 – 1000 c e lls/L

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Closur e thr e shold

80 g ST X in 100g me at

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Closur e thr e shold

80 g ST X in 100g me at Ce ll de nsity <100 c e lls/L fo r at le ast 2 we e ks

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Research monitoring effort

  • Recurrence of blooms:

– March and September 2016

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Ca use to re c urre t b lo o m?

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www.harmfulalgae.info 2014‐2016 EVENTS

MASSIVE FISH MORTALITY

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Fish kill Events

  • Caused millions losses in finfish

mariculture.

  • Mechanisms of fish kill:

– mucus compound at gills; – low oxygen level in water due to degradation of blooms; – production of ammonia by certain dinoflagellate species.

  • Focus :

HAB‐related fish kills

(Source: Sinchew Daily, 2005)

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Source: Sinchew Daily (23 Dec 2014)

Economic losses

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F ish kills a lo ng the Jo ho r Stra it

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Massive Fish kills in 2014

  • Fish kill incident happened, started on Feb 11, 2014; became

more serious on the following three subsequent days.

  • It last for at least two weeks.

F e b 11

Fish kill incident started.

F e b 14-16

Massive fish kills reported in the press.

F e b 20-23

Field sampling conducted.

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Type of affected cages cultured fishes :

‐ Red Snapper (Lutjanus sp.) ‐ Estuary Cod (Epinephelus coioides) ‐ Seabass/Siakap (Lates calcarifer) ‐ Paddletail Snapper (Lutjanus gibbus) ‐ Fourfinger Threadfin (Eleutheronema tradactylum)

Aquaculture losses:

>100 tonnes of fishes from 10 Fish farms (western Johor strait) *Losses estimated in a farm about RM150,000 (The Star, 2014).

E c onomic Impac t

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Sampling area

Number of net‐cage farm: 8‐9

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Cell compositions

Cell density of Karlodinium on 21st February at West Johor Strait: 1‐2.3 × 106 cells L‐1 Comparable to K. veneficum blooms in Chesapeake Bay, USA: 6 × 107 cells L‐1 (Deeds, 2003)

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T he una rmo re d d ino fla g e lla te

Karlodinium australe

Lim et al. 2014 (Harmful Algae)

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F ish Ne c r

  • psy
  • protruding

eyes/reddening of the iris

  • discolored and skin

sloughing

  • damaged gills, slightly

brownish cast

  • fins reddened at the

base

Symptoms of karlotoxin ichthyotoxicity

Lim et al. 2014 (Harmful Algae)

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Recurrent bloom in 2015

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Recurrent bloom in 2015

Teng et al. 2016 (Harmful Algae News)

  • Mass mortality of farmed fishes (and broodstock
  • f fishes) and wild‐demersal fishes.
  • Unarmored Karlodinium‐like cells dominated the

samples, with maximum cell densities up to 2×108 cells/L.

Species identity was later confirmed as K. australe by single cell PCR and qPCR method.

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Ma ssive mo rta lity o f wild fishe s a lo ng the no rthe a ste rn Pe ninsula r Ma la ysia

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Sources: Metro and The Stars

March 2016

Lau et al. 2016 (In prep)

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F ish Ne c r

  • psy

Lau et al. 2016 (In prep)

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Cell density in the water >1.5 x 105 cells L‐1 Chattonella sp. Bachok (new ribotype)

Lau et al. 2016 (In prep)

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Other blooms

Ceratium furca – Sg. Geting, Tumpat

3 May 2016 :

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Other blooms

Pseudo‐nitzschia brasilliana

2016 :

Tok Bali‐Sg. Semerak estuary

Peridinium quinquecorne

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Ca pa c ity b uild ing

  • Aug 2014: 3rd National workshop on HAB and biotoxins
  • Nov 2015: A workshop on national shellfish sanitation

program was held to finalize the documentation of SOP

  • n HAB and shellfish monitoring.
  • July 2016: A workshop on fish kill

was organized by Fisheries Department as a preparation for the staffs in the events of fish kill in aquaculture area.

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Ca pa c ity Build ing

Th e 3 rd N a t io n a l HA Bs a n d Bio t o x in s W o rksh o p

1 2 ‐ 1 5 A u g u s t 2 0 1 4

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Summary

  • HABs is one of the threat to mariculture industries; HABs species

involved are diverse in nature (mechanism of fish kills) and effects.

  • SOP is needed in dealing with occurrence of HABs and fish kills

incidences (before, during and after).

  • Site selection, control of farmed organisms, carrying capacity and

good farming practices are important for sustainable mariculture industries.

  • Long term and systematic capacity building should be developed to

address the national and regional needs. Strengthen collaborations between countries and information sharing are crucial to mitigate the transboundary issues of HABs.

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THANK YOU