Measures for reduction of nutrient pollution and transboundary - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Measures for reduction of nutrient pollution and transboundary nutrients loads from territory

• f

Belarus to the Baltic Sea

Aliaksandr Pakhomau Central Research Institute for Complex Use of Water Resources Minsk, Belarus

Belarus: 83 850 km2 Ukraine: 11 170 km2 Czech Rep.: 7 190 km2 Slovakia: 1 950 km2

GIWA 2004 Regional assessment 17 Transboundary basins in Belarus Western Dvina

• area - 39 700 km2
• annual local runoff - 6.8 km3

Neman

• area - 33 400 km2
• annual local runoff - 6.6 km3

Western Bug River

• area - 10750 km2
• annual local runoff - 1.4 km3

Catchment area upstream states (Central and Eastern Europe Region)

Main directions of environmental policy of the Republic Belarus up to 2025 year

Important place is given to quality of groundwater and surface water by the reduction of inputs of pollutants into water bodies through measures:

• reduction of domestic water consumption up to 150 liters per

person per day;

• reduction of water losses during intake and transportation to the

consumer by 20%;

• provide a centralized sewerage systems in towns with a population
• f over five thousand people;
• termination of discharge untreated sewage waters into water

bodies;

• reclamation of at least 50% filtration fields in 2025 after exploitation
• provision local treatment of waste water from industrial plants

discharged into sewage systems;

• reducing water discharges of heavy metals by 95%, persistent

pollutants by 95%, nitrogen and phosphorus by 50%.

Projects activity in the industrial sector with international donors (NDEP, IBRD, NEFCO)

60.9 MEUR

• Priority 1 – To reduce nutrient inputs to the sea to acceptable levels

(Poland and Finland) Assessment of regional nutrient pollution load and identification of priority Investment projects to reduce nutrient pollution from Belarus to the Baltic Sea Client : NORDIC ENVIRONMENT FINANCE CORPORATION (NEFCO) Beneficiary: MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS Implementation period : Nov 2012 – Nov 2013 Project stages and objectives :

• 1. Baseline study (update information on nutrient pollution from the main

wastewater treatment plants and large-scale animal farms as well as diffuse load from the three transboundary river basins on the territory of Belarus, the Western Bug, the Neman and the Western Dvina that discharge to the Baltic Sea.

• 2. Identification of priority investments to reduce cost efficiently the nutrient

pollution to the Baltic Sea and to develop an action plan to implement the priority investment program for selected ten priority targets.

• 3. Preparation of the feasibility study for the selected investment projects.

Activities under EU BSR Strategy

Initial screening of potential candidates Criteria for selecting:

• 1. Biggest pollution potential based on the size of the farm and its manure

production and manure nutrient content (OCP approach)

• 2. Geographical location
• 3. Investment capacity and plans

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS

Poultry farms Pig farms Cattle farms Source: Pesentation NEFCO project(Poyry Finland Oy)

• 1. Biggest pollution potential based on the size of the farm and

its manure production and manure nutrient content (OCP approach)

For pollution reduction investments oxygen consumption potential (OCP) parameter has been used Calculation method: 1 kg BOD results in 1 kg primary oxygen consumption 1 kg total Nitrogen results in 4 kg primary oxygen consumption 1 kg total Phosphorus results in 100 kg secondary oxygen consumption 1 kg total Nitrogen results in 14 kg secondary oxygen consumption Phosphorus and nitrogen will be changed to biologically available P and N by using factors: untreated wastewater is 0.65*P biologically treated wastewater is 0.8*P nitrogen in all cases is 0.9*N Assumptions: 1 Livestock unit (LSU) = 1 cow or cattle = 10 pigs = 1000 poultry 1 LSU equals 100 kgN/year, 12 kgP/year, of which 10 kgN/year and 3.6 kgP/year leaches into environment

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS

OCP = 18*N*0.9 + 100*P*0.65

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

• 2. Geographical location

Example of far upsream location of farms (multiplier 0.6 used) Example of location of farm in immediate vicinity of a big river (multi-plier 1.4 used)

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS

• 3. Investment capacity and plans

Multiplier 1…1.5 used corresponding forecasted growth by 2020

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

Initial top 30 list of large scale animal farms

Calculation of OCP based on manure’s nutrients content resulting in TOP 30 Geographical location risk for nutrient loads into the Baltic Sea Investment capability based

• n financial data of farm

NO YES YES Farm willingness to invest Urgency by regional administration and approval by Ministry NO YES NO YES Selection of TOP 5 farms for future disscussion at the project meeting

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM ANIMAL FARMS

Source: Presentation NEFCO project(Poyry Finland Oy)

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Main municipal WWTPs

Estimation of influent loads: People served by WWTPs Per capita loads: BOD5 60 g/cap/d Tot-N 12 g/cap/d Tot-P 2 g/cap/d Estimation of effluent loads: BOD removal 90% Nitrogen removal 40% Phosphorus removal 40% Total nutrient loads from WWTP (2011): Tot-N 4 814 t/year Tot-P 882 t/year Water Cadastre (reporting 2011): Tot-N 3 485 t/year Tot-P 374 t/year

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 2011 2015 2020 tot-N without investments tot-N with planned investments

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 2011 2015 2020 tot-P without investments tot-P with planned investments

FUTURE LOADING FROM WWTP

Main target for wastewater treatment has been the fulfillment of HELCOM recommendations after completion of the investments. In practice, the needed investments include construction of chemical dosing station, reconstruction of biological treatment processes but also other needed investments to improve preliminary treatment and sludge treatment units. Cost estimates for reconstruction of biological treatment units including increase of capacity if needed are as follows:

• Vitebsk WWTP 11.1 MEUR
• Grodno WWTP 12.8 MEUR
• Brest WWTP 12.2 MEUR

Other activated sludge plants: – PE 150,000 – 200,000 9.0 MEUR – PE 80,000 – 100,000 6.0 MEUR – PE 40,000 – 60,000 4.5 MEUR – PE 20,000 – 40,000 3.0 MEUR

INVESTMENTS IN WWTP

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Source: presentation NEFCO project(Poyry Finland Oy)

Other Criteria for Priority Investments

• Investment already financed: If there is a major on-going investment or loan

agreement with international financing institutions, the point source is excluded from the candidates (such as IFI loan and grants agreements for Vitebsk, Grodno and Brest)

• Investment capability: The financial analysis of the organization responsible for

the point source shows that the proposed investments can be afforded.

• Owner’s commitment: The owner of the point source has expressed an interest to carry
• ut investments to reduce or control discharges of biogen compounds (phosphorus and

nitrogen)

• Geographical location: The proximity of point source to the borders of Belarus

Loading-based criteria The cost efficiency of each investment is proposed to be calculated by dividing the load reduction with the estimated investment cost. The parameter to be used in calculation of load reduction is the oxygen consumption potential (OCP). Total OCP values have been calculated for different type of investments in two situations: (i) before and (ii) after the investment is made. The environmental effects of the investments are the reductions in total OCP. Thereafter, the reduction in total OCP is divided by the life cycle costs to get the cost efficiency of the specific investment in reduction of OCP kg/EUR. Cost efficiencies of different investments have been compared with each other and the investment with the highest cost efficiency figure represents the highest priority investment.

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Priority order of municipal wastewater treatment investments

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

• W

W WWTP Included in some activity EBRD, PURE PRESTO

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

Activities in industrial sector under BSR Region Programme

• PURE Project on Urban Reduction of Eutrophication

Project implements the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan’s Eutrophication Segment and its Recommendation 28E/5 on more stringent requirements for phosphorus removal from municipal WWTPs. Project demonstrates potentials of joint implementation and joint investments in the BSR in combating the eutrophication in a cost-effective way. Brest WWTP – pilot project Project PRESTO (Project on Reduction of the Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea Today) PRESTO combats eutrophication by improving municipal wastewater treatment with technical studies and concrete investments as well as by increasing human competence

ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF NUTRIENT LOADS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS/ANIMAL FARMS

Prioritisation Calculations The basic prioritization calculations will be carried out using the OCP load reductions as the basis for determination of the load reduction and life cycle costs for determination of costs. Results of these two analyses will be used to determine a joint priority list for proposed municipal wastewater treatment and animal farm biogas plants.

• WWTP of Polymir Plant
• Kobrin WWTP
• Lida WWTP
• Smorgon WWTP
• Novogrudok WWTP
• Skidel WWTP
• Schuchin WWTP
• Oshmyany WWTP
• Pruzany WWTP
• Lyakhovichy WWTP
• Skidelskaya poultry farm

Final list of eleven priority investment projects

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITISED INVESTMENTS

Objectives for the Investment Projects The overall objectives for further development of the selected investment projects are as follows:

• to identify priority investments to reduce cost efficiently the nutrient pollution to

the Baltic Sea

• to prepare a priority action plan for cost efficient pollution reduction investments

and administrative actions Local specific objectives for wastewater collection and treatment in different investment project targets are as follows:

• to identify priority investments needed to reduce wastewater pollution from the

specific town to fulfil the HELCOM recommendations set for municipal wastewater treatment

• develop affordable priority investment programme including the most cost

efficient pollution reduction investments and other key

ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITISED INVESTMENTS

Fulfillment of the HELCOM recommendations requires quite high investments in different target cities. The investment costs per capita at different wastewater treatment plants are estimated as follows:

• WWTP of Polymir Plant 10 EUR/cap
• Kobrin WWTP 151 EUR/cap
• Lida WWTP 112 EUR/cap
• Smorgon WWTP 143 EUR/cap
• Novogrudok WWTP 217 EUR/cap
• Skidel WWTP 741 EUR/cap
• Schuchin WWTP 192 EUR/cap
• Oshmyany WW TP 926 EUR/cap
• Pruzany WWTP 186 EUR/cap
• Lyakhovichy WWTP 323 EUR/cap

The priority investment programmes developed within five Feasibility Studies in Belarus specify the investment costs per capita as follows:

• Brest water and wastewater project 59 EUR/cap
• Grodno water and wastewater project 76 EUR/cap
• Vitebsk water and wastewater project 45 EUR/cap
• Baranovichy biogas project 34 EUR/cap
• Slonim biogas project 87 EUR/cap

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITISED INVESTMENTS

Cost of Priority Investment Programme to fulfill HELCOM Recommendations

• WWTP of Polymir Plant -1.3 MEur
• Kobrin WWTP - 6.7 MEur
• Lida WWTP - 7.9 MEur
• Smorgon WWTP - 5.0 MEur
• Novogrudok WWTP - 4.9 MEur
• Skidel WWTP -10.0 MEur
• Schuchin WWTP - 2.2 MEur
• Oshmyany WWTP -10.0 MEur
• Pruzany WWTP - 10.0 MEur
• Lyakhovichy WWTP - 2.6 MEur

TOTAL: 60.9 MEUR

Cost of Reduced Priority Investment Programme

• WWTP of Polymir Plant -1.3 MEur
• Kobrin WWTP - 2.9 MEur
• Lida WWTP - 5.8 MEur
• Smorgon WWTP - 2.4 MEur
• Novogrudok WWTP - 1.2 MEur
• Skidel WWTP -0.7 MEur
• Schuchin WWTP - 0.7 MEur
• Oshmyany WWTP -0.9 MEur
• Pruzany WWTP - 0.9 MEur
• Lyakhovichy WWTP - 0.9 MEur

TOTAL: 17.7 MEUR

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

Ntot load will be reduced by 367 t/year Ptot load will be reduced by 176 t/year Ntot load will be reduced by 166 t/year Ptot load will be reduced by 176 t/year

Proposed measures Kobrin WWTP Lida WWTP Lyakhovichy WWTP Novogrudok WWTP Polymir WWTP Oshmyany WWTP Pruzany WWTP Schuchin WWTP Skidel WWTP Smorgon WWTP Totally new wastewater treatment plant including mechanical dewatering of sludge Total reconstruction of existing wastewater treatment plant and construction of a new mechanical dewatering

• f sludge

Process changes in aeration tanks to provide JHB process Construction of chemical storing and dosing plant Construction of new screening building and secondary sedimentation tank Reconstruction of primary sedimentation tanks Structural repairs of almost all process tanks and reconstruction of one secondary sedimentation tank Replacement of all main equipment and electrical control boards Provision of automatic control system especially for the aeration system Reconstruction of sludge treatment process Construction of mechanical sludge dewatering plant Modification of secondary sedimentation tanks and supply of new scrapers and return sludge pumps Removal of sediments from biological ponds

Detailed specification of the proposed Priority Investment Programme

ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITISED INVESTMENTS

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

Effects of the priority investment programme to fulfil HELCOM recommendations on effluent nitrogen loads (t/a) from municipal wastewater treatment plants

ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITISED INVESTMENTS

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

Effects of the reduced priority investment programme on effluent nitrogen loads (t/a) from municipal wastewater treatment plants

ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITISED INVESTMENTS

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITISED INVESTMENTS

Effects of the reduced priority investment programme on effluent phosphorus loads (t/a) from municipal wastewater treatment plants

Source: FINAL REPORT AND ACTION PLAN (Poyry Finland Oy)

Action Plan for Administrative Measures Recommended measures for improvements in present management and

• peration of water services in Belarus
• Improvement of water pollution control to provide more reliable statistics of water

pollution

• Enforcement of industrial wastewater pre-treatment before discharge to municipal

sewer system

• Improvement of local financing possibilities by implementation of tariff reform
• Improvement of management of water services by institutional reforms
• Enhancement of operations
• Reduction of nutrient pollution from small settlements

NITROGEN REDUCTION FROM WWTP

Overall estimation: 1,600 t/a

PHOSPHORUS REDUCTION FROM WWTP

Overall estimation: 660 t/a

THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Aliaksandr Pakhomau e-mail: Aliaksandr.pakhomau@cricuwr.by Central Research Institute for Complex Use of Water Resources Minsk, Belarus