Mental Illness ESTIE ROSE CERTIFIED GENETIC COUNSELOR Overview - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Genetics of Mental Illness ESTIE ROSE CERTIFIED GENETIC COUNSELOR Overview PART 1: Inheritance pattern of mental illness Types of psychiatric illness Recurrence risks Is there a Jewish genetic component? PART 2: Living with
ESTIE ROSE CERTIFIED GENETIC COUNSELOR
PART 1:
Inheritance pattern of mental illness Types of psychiatric illness Recurrence risks Is there a Jewish genetic component?
PART 2: Living with Mental Health Challenges, by Dr. Michelle Friedman PART 3: Marc Fein: Reflecting on Personal Experiences
Result from a mutation in a single gene Easy to do genetic testing Ex: Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, neurofibromatosis,
Connexin-related deafness
Result from the effects of multiple genes or genes in combination with lifestyles and environmental factors
Ex: Diabetes,
heart disease, mental illness
Genetic variant 2 Genetic variant 1 Environmental factor
Weak correlation to disease Weak correlation to disease Weak correlation to disease
Moderate correlation to disease
Strong correlation to disease
From NSGC.org
▪ Mood disorders
▫ depression, bipolar disease
▪ Psychotic disorders
▫ schizophrenia
▪ Anxiety disorders
▫ panic disorder, social anxiety, phobias
▫ anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa,
pica
▪ Impulse/Control disorders
▫ attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, kleptomania, compulsive gambling, addiction
▪ Personality disorders
▫ antisocial personality disorder,
paranoid personality disorder
▪ Obsessive-compulsive disorders ▪ Post-traumatic stress disorders ▪ Suicidal Tendencies
Cognitive disability Dementia (Alzheimer’s) Parkinson’s Autism
In 2012, there were an estimated 43.7 million adults aged 18
18.6% of all U.S. adults
Major Depression 6.9% Schizophrenia 1.1% Anxiety Disorder 4.1% Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 0.5% Bipolar disorder 2.2%
From National Institute of Mental Health
Acute
Part of a larger syndrome
intermittent porphyria
depression bipolar anxiety anxiety
anxiety bipolar
▪
Population prevalence: 0.8-1.6% (approximately 1%)
▪
Risk to first-degree relatives: For bipolar disorder 5-20%, relative risk 7-10 For unipolar disorder 8-28%, relative risk 2-3 For any major affective disorder 20-30%
▪
Risk to offspring with one parent affected with either bipolar, unipolar, or schizoaffective disorder is 27% (i.e., risk is 27% to have any of the three disorders)
▪
Risk to offspring with both parents affected by bipolar disorder: 50-65% risk for bipolar; 50-75% risk for any affective disorder
▪
Risk to second-degree relatives: 5%
▪
Heritability: ~60%
▪
Early age-at-onset might indicate increased risk to relatives; female relatives at highest risk for any affective disorder. During postpartum period, women at increased risk for developing subsequent episodes.
▪
Commonly comorbid disorders Alcohol and drug use Anxiety disorders Disorders that may occur more frequently in family members (note: this does not necessarily indicate shared genetic etiology) Unipolar depression Schizoaffective disorder Cyclothymia Alcohol and drug abuse Eating disorders ADHD Anxiety disorders
From National Coalition for Health Professionals Education in Genetics
Not really done
Diagnostic Predictive
For personalized medicine However, a genetic counseling consultation
may be helpful to families who are affected
Jewish Link to Mental Illness
Not particularly common in the Jewish community, but just as
common as it is in all populations (which is common!)
From National Alliance on Mental Illness
gene are 40 % more likely to contract a schizophrenia- related disorder than those without it
the risk by only 15% in other populations Haaretz, Nov. 26, 2013
. . . A generous grant in honor of Beatrice Milberg