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Microwave Instrument Update Bjorn Lambrigtsen Frank Sun Steve - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Microwave Instrument Update Bjorn Lambrigtsen Frank Sun Steve Broberg Jet Propulsion Laboratory California

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SLIDE 1

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Microwave Instrument Update

Bjorn Lambrigtsen Frank Sun Steve Broberg

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Topics

  • Instrument status
  • Changes for V4
  • Scan bias analysis
  • Plans for V5
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Microwave Instrument Status

  • AMSU-A

– Two channels have experienced slowly declining gain – Recently many -A2 temperature sensors became very noisy

  • HSB

– Still not working

  • The plan is to put in place a procedure to try periodic re-starts
  • Procedure expected to be in place early next year
  • Last “kick-start” attempt was on January 16, 2004
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU Gain Variation: Ch. 4-6

(More in backup slides)

Channel 4 shows negligible gain change Channel 5 shows 8%/year gain decline Channel 5 also showed 5% drop after solar flare Channel 6 shows 4%/year gain decline

Shown: calibration coefficient a1 ≈ 1/gain

  • Ch. 4
  • Ch. 6
  • Ch. 5
  • S. Broberg
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU-A2 Anomalous Temperatures

All instrument-PRT readings became very noisy on November 16 (Also “PRT Ref Voltage”) All warm load readings are still good This is currently under investigation at JPL and NGES

  • S. Broberg
  • S. Broberg
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

No Anomalous Brightness Temperatures

Start of anomaly is not discernible

  • S. Broberg
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Preliminary Anomaly Assessment

  • No effect on calibration or Tb’s can be discerned
  • This is expected:

– Only “RF shelf T” is used besides the warm load T’s – It is used to interpolate lookup tables

  • Warm load correction
  • Nonlinearity correction

– Both corrections are very small

  • A 3 K T-error translates into << 1 K
  • Nevertheless, we may put in place a quick fix:

– Either smooth RF-shelf-T

  • Downside: requires a very wide window (many granules)

– Or find a substitute T

  • Looking at “RF-shelf-T” ≈ a + b • Warm-load-T (by regression)

– Or use Passive-Analog instrument-T

  • Downside: Sampled only every 8th scan line
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Microwave L1b Changes in V4

  • Only minor changes

– Two Tb slots (implemented in V3.5)

  • Antenna temperatures (Ta): radiometrically calibrated Tb’s
  • Brightness temperatures (Tb): scan bias corrected Ta
  • Tb is currently identical to Ta (awaiting bias correction)

– Narrower window for “moon-in-FOV” flag – Fix for data gaps when moon appears in cold-cal FOV

  • All cold-cal looks affected when moon is in FOV
  • Therefore: cannot compute calibration coefficients
  • Normally: use last valid coefficients
  • But: coefficients do not get carried across granule boundaries
  • Moon-in-FOV can last for up to ~2 granules
  • This has caused data gaps for prolonged moon encounters
  • Fix: bridge across granule boundaries
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU Scan Bias Analysis Using AIRS

  • Objective is definitive scan bias characterization

– Identify best “truth” for “obs-sim” – Determine empirical relative scan bias and absolute nadir bias – Compare with modeled scan bias – Compare with AIRS

  • All analysis shown is for clear/ocean/±30°/Sep.6’02
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Example: Channel 6

std mean

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Example: Channel 12

std mean

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Equivalent AIRS Channels

Tb at peak of weighting function - Weighting functions for standard atmosphere

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 6

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 12 (More in backup slides)

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs-calc summary: Nadir

AIRS AMSU

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 6

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 12 (More in backup slides)

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

  • bs-sim[AIRS] vs. obs-sim[ECMWF]

(More in backup slides)

Channel 13

  • bs-sim[ECMWF]
  • bs-sim[AIRS]

Dashed curve = ECMWF curve shifted to AIRS curve at nadir

This is our best estimate of scan bias

Motivation:

  • AIRS-retrieval is best “truth” near nadir
  • But AIRS retrievals may have “scan bias” near

swath edges

  • Therefore, use ECMWF-derived shape & AIRS-

derived constant offset

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients (More in backup slides)

  • Z. Sun

Empirical best estimate Computed from antenna patterns

Scene dependent scan bias correction: Tb = Ta + c•Ta

Channel 6

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 5

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 6

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 7

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 8

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 9

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 10

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 11

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 12

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 13

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Empirical Scan Bias Correction: Ch. 14

  • Z. Sun
  • bs-bias

corrected-bias

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Conclusions and Further Work

  • Empirical bias corrections look good
  • May be “best” tuning, but need to be tested on wider data

– Coefficients derived from “clear/ocean/±30°/Sep.6’02” – Tested on “all/±80°/Sep.6’02”

  • Coefficients could be provided to users as ancillary tables
  • However:

– For climate use, bias corrections MUST be physically based

  • “Tuning” puts data independence at risk
  • Climate signals could be “tuned” out

– Therefore

  • We should only put empirical correction into L1b as a last resort
  • We may provide empirical coefficients as ancillary tables
  • For V5 the goal is to derive BETTER physically based coefficients

– Try to get CLOSER agreement with empirical coefficients – Then use mostly model-based + a few empirical substitutes

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Backup Slides

  • Gain variations
  • AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan
  • Sim[AIRS] vs. Sim[ECMWF]
  • Obs-Sim: AIRS vs. ECMWF
  • Scan bias correction coefficients
  • Empirical scan bias correction
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU Gain Variation: Ch. 1-3

Channels 1-2 show only minor

  • rbital gain

variation Channel 3 shows minor gain decline: about 1% per year

  • Ch. 1
  • Ch. 2
  • Ch. 3

Shown: calibration coefficient a1 ≈ 1/gain

  • S. Broberg
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU Gain Variation: Ch. 7-9

Only minor gain changes for these channels

Shown: calibration coefficient a1 ≈ 1/gain

  • Ch. 9
  • Ch. 7
  • Ch. 8
  • S. Broberg
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU Gain Variation: Ch. 10-12

Shown: calibration coefficient a1 ≈ 1/gain

  • Ch. 12
  • Ch. 11
  • Ch. 10

Only minor gain changes for these channels

  • S. Broberg
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU Gain Variation: Ch. 13-15

Shown: calibration coefficient a1 ≈ 1/gain

Negligible gain changes for these channels

  • Ch. 15
  • Ch. 13
  • Ch. 14
  • S. Broberg
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 5

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 7

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 8

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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SLIDE 39

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 9

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 10

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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SLIDE 41

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 11

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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SLIDE 42

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 13

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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SLIDE 43

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

AMSU & AIRS obs & sim vs. scan: Ch. 14

AIRS-obs AMSU-obs Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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SLIDE 44

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 5

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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SLIDE 45

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 7

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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SLIDE 46

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 8

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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SLIDE 47

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 9

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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SLIDE 48

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 10

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

  • Z. Sun
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SLIDE 49

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 11

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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SLIDE 50

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 13

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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SLIDE 51

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Sim[ECMWF] vs. Sim[AIRS]: Ch. 14

  • Z. Sun

Sim[AIRS]

  • bs

Sim[ECMWF]

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SLIDE 52

52

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

  • bs-sim[AIRS] vs. obs-sim[ECMWF]

Channel 5

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

  • bs-sim[AIRS] vs. obs-sim[ECMWF]

Channel 6

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

  • bs-sim[AIRS] vs. obs-sim[ECMWF]

Channel 14

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 5

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 7

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 8

  • Z. Sun
slide-58
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 9

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 10

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 11

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 12

  • Z. Sun
slide-62
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 13

  • Z. Sun
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

AIRS Science Team Meeting; Greenbelt, MD; November 30, 2004

Scan Bias Correction Coefficients

Channel 14

  • Z. Sun