MIRO: M Multi ulti- -path path MIRO: Interdomain nterdomain RO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MIRO: M Multi ulti- -path path MIRO: Interdomain nterdomain RO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 01, 2023 310 likes •583 views

MIRO: M Multi ulti- -path path MIRO: Interdomain nterdomain RO ROuting uting I Wen Xu and Jennifer Rexford Princeton University 1 Overlay Entertainment 1 Ming- -Tsang Tsai Tsang Tsai Overlay Entertainment 1 Ming Outline

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Ming Ming-

  • Tsang Tsai

Tsang Tsai Overlay Entertainment Overlay Entertainment 1 1 1

MIRO: MIRO: M Multi ulti-

  • path

path I Interdomain nterdomain RO ROuting uting

Wen Xu and Jennifer Rexford Princeton University

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Ming Ming-

  • Tsang Tsai

Tsang Tsai Overlay Entertainment Overlay Entertainment 2 2 2

Outline Outline

Motivation Routing Architectures MIRO Protocol Design Performance Evaluation Conclusion

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  • Tsang Tsai

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If Some is Good, More is Better If Some is Good, More is Better

More flexible path selection

Avoid a path with an undesirable hop

Better load balancing

Split traffic over multiple paths

Faster recovery from failure

Switch from one path another

Secure routing

Avoid paths controlled by an adversary

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Ming Ming-

  • Tsang Tsai

Tsang Tsai Overlay Entertainment Overlay Entertainment 4 4 4

Outline Outline

Motivation Routing Architectures MIRO Protocol Design Performance Evaluation Conclusion

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Ming Ming-

  • Tsang Tsai

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Overlay Network Overlay Network

A B C D E F Relay traffic through an intermidate node Not good for reasons

Increase latency , bandwidth consumption of relays Probing overhead

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Source Routing Source Routing

Sender determines paths for packets Difficult challenges

Scalability Limited control for intermediate ASes

A B C D E F

ADECF ABCF ABEF

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Border Gateway Protocol Border Gateway Protocol

Policy-based routing AS Relationships

Provider-customer Peer-peer

A B C D E F

Prefix AS path 1.2.3.0/ 20 A B C F A D E F

1.2.3.0/20 I have 1.2.3.0/ 20 You could reach 1.2.3.0/ 20 through me You could reach 1.2.3.0/ 20 through me A doesn’t pay for traffic transit BGP session Route propagation Outbound filter

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  • Tsang Tsai

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BGP Routing Process BGP Routing Process

Best Route Selection 1. Highest local-pref 2. Shortest AS path 3. Lowest origin type 4. Lowest MED 5. eBGP over iBGP 6. Lowest I GP cost 7. Tie-break I nbound filters Routing I nformation Base BGP routing table Outbound filters Best Route SI NGLE path routing protocol

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Ming Ming-

  • Tsang Tsai

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Outline Outline

Motivation Routing Architectures MIRO Protocol Design Performance Evaluation Conclusion

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Ming Ming-

  • Tsang Tsai

Tsang Tsai Overlay Entertainment Overlay Entertainment 10 10 10

Maybe BGP isn Maybe BGP isn’ ’t So Bad t So Bad… …

Internet is a big, federated network

Local policies for path selection & export routes Efficient propagation of path information

Add multi-path to BGP

AS-level, path-vector routing (more scalable) Extended for multi-path

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Pull Pull-

  • based Negotiation

based Negotiation

Pull-based route retrieval

Solicit routes only when necessary

Bilateral negotiation

AS relationships usually bilateral anyway

A B C D E F

ABEF* ADEF BEF* BCF DEF* DABEF CF* CEF CBEF EF* ECF

Any route to F avoiding E? How about BCF? BCF is OK

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Not Just Your Neighbors Not Just Your Neighbors

Multi-party, multi-hop Either AS can initiate the negotiation

A C D E F

ABEF* ADEF BEF BCF DEF* DABEF CF* CEF CBEF EF* ECF ABCF*

B

* * DABCF

YES BCF Any route to F avoiding EF? BCF is OK

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Tunnels for Forwarding Data Packets Tunnels for Forwarding Data Packets

Direct packet along alternate route

Destination-based forwarding not enough Encapsulate the packet to egress point A B C D E F

ABEF* ADEF BEF* BCF DEF* DABEF CF* CEF CBEF EF* ECF

Tunnel id = 7 BCF is OK

A’s outgoing tunnel table F B, 7 BCF BCF A-> F 7 B’s incoming tunnel table

F F F F

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Advantages Advantages

Flexibility for edge AS

AS can learn and use multiple paths

Control for intermediate ASes

Selective export of extra routes

Scalability of the global system

AS-level routing protocol (extension to BGP) Pull-based route retrieval Selective export of routes

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Ming Ming-

  • Tsang Tsai

Tsang Tsai Overlay Entertainment Overlay Entertainment 15 15 15

Outline Outline

Motivation Routing Architectures MIRO Protocol Design Performance Evaluation Conclusion

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Infer AS Graph & Relationships Infer AS Graph & Relationships

RouteViews BGP data in 2000, 2003, and 2005 Gao inference algorithm

A B C D E F

Observed paths A B E F A D E F B C F C E F

provider-customer peer-peer

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Three Variations on Export Rules Three Variations on Export Rules

Strict(/s): all paths in the same class Export(/e): all policy-compliant paths Flexible(/a): all of the paths, relationship independent

A B C D E F provider-customer peer-peer provider route peer route customer route

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Evaluation Methodology Evaluation Methodology

Who to negotiate with?

Neighboring ASes ASes along the default path

How many ASes initiate negotiation?

Only sending AS

What path-selection policies?

Avoid a particular AS in default path

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Exposing the Underlying Path Diversity Exposing the Underlying Path Diversity

5% have no alternate paths > 10 alternates > 100 alternates

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Avoiding an AS: Avoiding an AS: Success Ratio Success Ratio

Date BGP MIRO/s MIRO/e MIRO/a Source Routing 2000 27.8% 65.4% 72.9% 75.3% 89.5% 2003 31.2% 67.0% 74.6% 76.6% 90.4% 2005 29.5% 67.8% 73.7% 76.0% 91.1%

MI RO is much better than BGP Source routing only 10-15% better

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  • Tsang Tsai

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Avoiding an AS: Overhead (for 2005) Avoiding an AS: Overhead (for 2005)

Policy Success Rate AS# /tuple Path# /tuple Strict 67.8% 2.80 36.6 Export 73.7% 2.53 58.9 Flexible 76.0% 2.38 139.0

With more flexible policies

Negotiate with fewer ASes But learn more paths from each AS

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Incremental Deployment Incremental Deployment

20 40 60 80 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Percentage of ASes Adopted MI RO (log scale) Percentage of total gain 2005/ s 2005/ e 2005/ a nodes with more than 200 neighbors nodes with degree greater than 40 Even if only a few ASes adopt MI RO, it’s still effective!

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Outline Outline

Motivation Routing Architectures MIRO Protocol Design Performance Evaluation Conclusion

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Conclusion Conclusion

Multi-path extension to BGP

Retain AS-level, path-vector routing Add pull-based route retrieval Selective export of extra routes Tunnels for forwarding data packets

Evaluation results

Satisfies the AS’s policy goals Avoids state explosion Offers benefits in small deployments

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Reference Reference

Slides from Wen Xu (many thanks!)

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Happy Entertainment Happy Entertainment

Thank you~ kero kero kero