Monitoring and controlling the mental states of others Stephen A. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Monitoring and controlling the mental states of others

Stephen A. Butterfill & Ian A. Apperly

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that believes desires intends ... Ayesha will cycle up Hármashatár hill s/he will cycle up Hármashatár hill Henry will win the lottery ... Ayesha Steve Henry ... Attitude Content Subject

that believes desires intends ... Ayesha will cycle up Hármashatár hill s/he will cycle up Hármashatár hill Henry will win the lottery ... Ayesha Steve Henry ... Attitude Content Subject

that believes desires intends ... Ayesha will cycle up Hármashatár hill s/he will cycle up Hármashatár hill Henry will win the lottery ... Ayesha Steve Henry ... Attitude Content Subject

minimal theory of mind

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location
• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location
• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Principle 1: one can’t goal- directedly act on an object unless

• ne has encountered it.

Principle 2: correct registration is a condition of successful action. Principle 3: when an agent performs a goal-directed action and the goal specifies an object, the agent will act as if the object were actually in the location she registers it at.

• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Principle 3: one can’t goal- directedly act on an object unless

• ne has encountered it.

Principle 2: correct registration is a condition of successful action. Principle 3: when an agent performs a goal-directed action and the goal specifies an object, the agent will act as if the object were actually in the location she registers it at.

• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Principle 1: one can’t goal- directedly act on an object unless

• ne has encountered it.

Principle 2: correct registration is a condition of successful action. Principle 3: when an agent performs a goal-directed action and the goal specifies an object, the agent will act as if the object were actually in the location she registers it at.

• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Principle 1: one can’t goal- directedly act on an object unless

• ne has encountered it.

Principle 2: correct registration is a condition of successful action. Principle 3: when an agent performs a goal-directed action and the goal specifies an object, the agent will act as if the object were actually in the location she registers it at.

• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Principle 1: one can’t goal- directedly act on an object unless

• ne has encountered it.

Principle 2: correct registration is a condition of successful action. Principle 3: when an agent performs a goal-directed action and the goal specifies an object, the agent will act as if the object were actually in the location she registers it at.

• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Principle 1: one can’t goal- directedly act on an object unless

• ne has encountered it.

Principle 2: correct registration is a condition of successful action. Principle 3

• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Your field = a set of

• bjects related to you by

proximity, orientation, lighting and other factors You encounter an object = it is in your field You register an object at a location = you most recently encountered the

• bject at that location

Principle 1: one can’t goal- directedly act on an object unless

• ne has encountered it.

Principle 2: correct registration is a condition of successful action. Principle 3: when an agent performs a goal-directed action and the goal specifies an object, the agent will act as if the object were actually in the location she registers it at.

• rientation lighting

barriers trajectory proximity

Propositional attitude

Propositional attitude Relational attitude

Propositional attitude Relational attitude e.g. believes that ... e.g. intends that ... e.g. knows that ... e.g. excited by ... e.g. encountered ... e.g. wants apple juice

Propositional attitude Relational attitude e.g. believes that ... e.g. intends that ... e.g. knows that ... e.g. excited by ... e.g. encountered ... e.g. wants apple juice arbitrarily nestable contents uncodifiably complex effects

• n action

permit mistakes about appearance, identity and existence no contents parameter-setting effects on action enable tracking a limited range of false beliefs

• nly

Propositional attitude Relational attitude e.g. believes that ... e.g. intends that ... e.g. knows that ... e.g. excited by ... e.g. encountered ... e.g. wants apple juice arbitrarily nestable contents uncodifiably complex effects

• n action

permit mistakes about appearance, identity and existence no contents parameter-setting effects on action enable tracking a limited range of false beliefs only

level-1 perspective taking level-2 perspective taking false beliefs about non- existence false beliefs about location false beliefs about identity Propositional attitude Relational attitude Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y N

Propositional attitude Relational attitude level-1 perspective taking level-2 perspective taking false beliefs about non- existence false beliefs about location false beliefs about identity Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y N

Propositional attitude Relational attitude level-1 perspective taking level-2 perspective taking false beliefs about non- existence false beliefs about location false beliefs about identity Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y N

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engineers not scientists

• 1. Is there implicit, i.e. unconscious, meta-

cognition?

• 2. When we track others’ mental states

without awareness of doing so, should these implicit processes be considered meta-cognitive?

• 3. Is there a systematic difference between

the content of implicit and explicit meta- cognition?

• 1. Is there implicit, i.e. unconscious, meta-

cognition?

• 2. When we track others’ mental states

without awareness of doing so, should these implicit processes be considered meta-cognitive?

• 3. Is there a systematic difference between

the content of implicit and explicit meta- cognition?

• 1. Is there implicit, i.e. unconscious, meta-

cognition?

• 2. When we track others’ mental states

without awareness of doing so, should these implicit processes be considered meta-cognitive?

• 3. Is there a systematic difference between

the content of implicit and explicit meta- cognition?

• 1. Is there implicit, i.e. unconscious, meta-

cognition?

• 2. When we track others’ mental states

without awareness of doing so, should these implicit processes be considered meta-cognitive?

• 3. Is there a systematic difference between

the content of implicit and explicit meta- cognition? actual Ian Chris

• 1. Is there implicit, i.e. unconscious, meta-

cognition?

• 2. When we track others’ mental states

without awareness of doing so, should these implicit processes be considered meta-cognitive?

• 3. Is there a systematic difference between

the content of implicit and explicit meta- cognition? actual Ian Chris Metacognition: ‘knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena’ (Flavell 1979, p. 906)