MULTISYSTEM LOCOMOTIVES The FUTURE of EUROPEAN RAILWAYS dr hab. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

JUBILEE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

MULTISYSTEM LOCOMOTIVES The FUTURE of EUROPEAN RAILWAYS

dr hab. inż. G. SKARPETOWSKI, prof. PK

POLITECHNIKA KRAKOWSKA

(ret. BBC, ABB, ,  Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation (CH))

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

At the time of steam traction, the European Railways were theoretically interoperable. In almost entire Europe were the same gauge, coal, water and carbide lamp. The doors for a use of railway infrastructure for Trans European Communication were open. But the political systems, as you know, didn’t support the necessary collaboration. Current political situation has changed Today, we stand on a free position when speaking of political condition. The political situation has changed, but not only.

HISTORICAL REVIEW

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The technical condition of railway also changed. And now, not the political, but the technical differences are very difficult to solve (overcome). How come? What is the reason for that? And what are the difficulties? The main differences in railway technology were introduced in the time of electrification. The emergence of the differences was caused by different factors. Let me mention only the political, economic and technical

• factors. In terms of politics, the differences in the railway

infrastructure were used to isolate the nations and to secure the state borders. That was actually the misuse of technology for political tasks.

HISTORICAL REVIEW

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Speaking of economic reasons it is to say, that different states of Europe have carried out the electrification of railways in different periods of time. And the time shifting had the biggest influence on the applied technology. Technical reasons In all subsequently railway electrifications, which have carried out the latest technological achievements in the power transmission and energy conversion have been applied. All this took place without taking into account all already existing supply, drive and signalling systems in Europe. The technology of the existing system was regarded as bad and outdated. In this way, the great part of the technical differences is caused by the progress in technology of drive systems.

HISTORICAL REVIEW

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Principal development stages in the Technology of Railway Electrification

In my opinion, in the development of the railway drive technology, the following 5 principal periods can be identified

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

• 1: AC supply line & AC 3 phase induction machine
• 2: AC supply line & AC commutator machine
• 3: DC supply line & DC commutator machine
• 4: AC supply line & DC commutator machine
• 5: AC & DC supply line & convertor feed 3 phase

induction machine

• Current state of interoperability

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The European Railway Supply Tower of Babel Electric traction supply systems in United Europe

• Supply 0.6 kV DC
• Supply 1 kV DC
• Supply 1.5 kV DC
• Supply 3 kV DC
• Supply 16 2/3 Hz, 15 kV AC
• Supply 50 Hz, 25 kV AC

ABB New tower of Babel exists. The one in Babylon, as you know, was destroyed but the Europeans have built a new, very modern one. They have used the latest technological achievements for it.

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

«Railway Signalling System Tower of Babel»

More than 10 different Signalling Systems

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

BT If you try to install all the necessary sensors on a locomotive, you obtain a beautiful Christmas

• tree. But not the number of sensors is a problem. A part of the sensors disturbs and interfere

with the other and for this reason cannot be installed on the same locomotive.

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

It has been shown that the European rail infrastructure is divided into different national supply and signalling systems. Politics alone is not in the positon to solve the problems of interoperability. The short‐term solution of the problem is proposed by the railway industry. And that’s the proposal.

ONLY Multi-Supply and Multi-Signalling System Locomotives and Coaches

can use the existing infrastructure for the Trans European Railway Transport in the near future

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Block Diagram of a European 4-Supply-System Locomotive

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

GEAR BOX

AC Line 25kV, 50Hz

15kV,16,7Hz

DC Line 3kV; 1.5kV TRAFO DC LINK LINE CONVERTER 3 PHASE CONVERTER INDUCTION MACHINE

Input choke

Main Switch AC Main Switch DC Rails Single phase alternating voltage AC Rectified pulsating DC voltage Second Harmonic Filter Line Harmonic Filter Rotating Vectors of Induction Machine Voltage and Current Motor torque with ripple Earthing Brush TRANSPORTABLE SUBSTATION DC SUPPLIED DRIVE WITH 3 PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Modular assembly of 4-Supply-System Locomotive

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

DC/AC

Supply DC 3kV, 1.5kV Supply AC 25kV,50Hz, 15 kV,16.7 Hz 3M

4 Quadrant Converter DC Link 3 Phase Converter Induction Machine Multiwinding Single Phase Traction Transformer Main Switch AC Main Switch DC Charging of DC Link Current Voltage Sarge arrestor 4 Step Down Converter In 4q-C Configuration 3 Step Down Converter In 3 Phase Configuration Filter 33.3Hz or 100Hz. Braking Resistor DC. Voltage limiter DC. Step down chopper Filtr harm. Switch AC/DC Charging

• f DC Link

Input Choke DC/AC DC/AC DC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC DC/AC

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Traction Machine

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

Frequency Domain Equivalent Circuit of Converter – fed Induction Machine

2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

T j 1 T T j T T 1 R I U                      ) (

 

2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ASM

T 1 T T R 1 T 1 T L 1 j L j R I U Z                                ) (

AIR GAP

R1 1 I1 R2´ ´ L1 1 L2´ ´ 2

U1

USW

7  6  5  4  3  2  1  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2  1  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Im Zasm fc f1n  f1n  f2n  ( ) ( ) Im Zas 

 

Re Zasm fc f1n  f1n  f2n  ( ) ( ) 0  Re Zas 

 



“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Simulation of Converter

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

Schema of modular hybrid simulator

CU(t) CI(t) tsdpD(t) = CU(t) or CI(t) tsdpTH(t) = CU(t) and Imp(t) or CI(t) tsdpGTO(t) = ( CU(t) or CI(t) ) and Iss(t) Imp(t) für TH Iss(t) für GTO

R 1 1 1/L "0"

entweder Ventilspannung

• der Spannung auf der Induktivität

u1(t)

• ug(t)

Die Lage des Schalters bei tsdpD(t) = 1

ie(t)

• ie(t)

ie(t) uv(t) uv(t) ul(t) ul(t)

Anfangsbedingung der Integration

tsdp(t)

Igs(t) für TRA tsdpTRA(t) = ( CU(t) or CI(t) ) and Igs(t)

• 1

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Traction Transformer

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

Equivalent Circuit of 9 Winding Transformer

TRACTION BOOGIE 2 (f) (f) (f) I7(f) I1(f) ue

3 9 8 5 2 1 6 7 4

Train Supply u9/ue u8/ue I2(f) I4(f) Board Supply (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) I5(f) I9°(f) I9(f) I3(f) I6(f) I1°(f) I8(f) I8°(f) (f) (f) TRACTION BOOGIE 1 TRACTION BOOGIE 3 Voltage level

25 kV

Voltage level 1667 V Voltage level 800 V Voltage level Series I –1333V Series III 1550 V UZK2(f) UZK1(f) UZK4(f) UZK3(f)

Boogie 1 AUX Wind 8 Boogie 3 Boogie 2 Wind 2 Wind 3 Wind 6 Wind 4 Wind 7 Wind 9 Board Supply Wind 1 Wind 5

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Generalised Theory of Converter

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

Description of Converter by TRANSEP Distribution

tsd1(t) ua(t) tsd1’(t) ua(t) tsd1(t) tsd1(t) ua(t) tsd1(t) tsd1(t) ua(t)

Step down czoper Step up czoper 2 quadrant converter Mechanical analogy

TRANSEP DISTRIBUTION OF 2 Point converter m t ( ) m0 0.5 m1  cos  t     

 

   tsd t ( ) m t ( ) 2 

n

sin n   m t ( ) 

 

n cos n k   t     

 



   





  

1.1 1.1  m t ( ) tsd t ( ) SP t

Sterownik impulsowy

IS

ie(t) ue(t) ia(t) ua(t) tsdIS(t)

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( t tsd t i t i t tsd t u t u

IS a e IS e a

   

Analytical description of 2q‐C module tsd(t) allows analytical generation of control signals for 2q‐C module

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

4q – Converter – Input converter

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

Analytical Description

t

PRZEKSZTAŁTNIK CZTERO- KWADRANTOWY

4q - SI

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( t tsd t i t i t tsd t u t u

INS a e INS e a

   

tsd2(t) tsd2(t) s(t) tsd1(t) tsd1(t) r(t)

ue(t)

ue(t) ie(t) u1(t) u2(t) i1(t) i2(t) tsd1.SI (t)

• np. ia(t)= i1(t)=-i2(t)

tsd2.SI(t)

• np. ua(t)=u1(t)-u2(t)

ue(t) ie(t) u1(t) u2(t)

E1 E0 A1 A2 A0

a) b)

ua(t)

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

3 – Phase Converter

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

tsd2(t) tsd2(t) s(t) tsd1(t) tsd1(t) r(t) tsd3(t) tsd3(t) t(t)

ue(t)

ue(t) ie(t) u1(t) u2(t) u3(t) i1(t) i2(t) i3(t) tsd1(t) tsd2(t) tsd3(t)

ue(t) ie(t) u3(t) u1(t) u2(t)

E1 E0 A1 A2 A3 A0

a) b)

)) t ( tsd ) t ( I Re( 2 3 ) t ( i ) t ( tsd ) t ( u ) t ( U

PH 3 PH 3 e PH 3 e PH 3

    

3-phase voltage sourced converter

3-phase IN

ue(t) tsd3PH(t) ie(t) U3PH(t) I3PH(t)

Analytical Description

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Mathematical Model of the Converter AC-AC Locomotive in Time Domain

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

tsd.2p.4qs(t) tsd.2p.uwr(t) un(t) +

• ust(t)

uzk(t) iqszk(t) +

• iwrzk(t)

izk(t) in(t) uasm(t) iasm(t) Rin Lin Czk Ls, Rs Cs R1,L1 Lhui(t) Multiplication Modulation Line Voltage Harmonic Harmonics generated in auxiliary converter Nonlinearity transformer Line Current Multiplication Modulation Nonlinearity DC Link Nonlinearity induction machine

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Simulation Results of an AC Supplied Locomotive illustrated in the Time Domain

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

Z z k (f) Z c (f)

1 5 1 5 5 1 1 5 2 4 6 8 1

Z a sm (fw )

+ +

• G.S

. LI N E V OLTA GE C ON V E R TE R V OLTA GE D C LI N K V OLTA GE M O T O R P H A S E V OLTA GE M O T O R P H A S E C U R RE N T D C LI N K 3-P H A S E C ON V E R TE R C U R R E N T D C LI N K LI N E C ON V E R TE R C U RR E N T LI N E C U R RE N T LI N E C ON V E R TE R 3-P H A S E C ON V E R TE R TR A N S FOR M E R DC LI N K I N D U C TI ON M OTOR

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Simulation Results of an AC Supplied Locomotive illustrated in Frequency Domain

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

Z zk (f) Z c (f)

15 10 5 50 100 150 2 4 6 8 10

Zasm (fw )

+ +

• 500

500 1000 1500 2000 10000 1 UZKV 2000 f 

500 1000 1500 2000 10000 1 UR 2000 f  500 10 00 150 0 2000 10 000 1 IR  2 000 f 500 1000 1500 2000 10000 1 UN

2000 fe

5 0 1 0 1 5 0 2 1 .0 1 T S D 2



2 f



5 0 1 0 1 5 0 2 1 . 1 T S D R



2 f



“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Time Domain Voltages and Currents in AC Supplied Converter Locomotive

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI

GS

Line

conv pattern 4qs 2‐nd 3‐ph puls

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Time Domain Voltages and Currents in DC Supplied Converter Locomotive

Grzegorz SKARPETOWSKI 07.08.2015

Rotating vector of volt..and current in FW mode

GS 3‐ph puls

Pulse pattern

• f step down chopper

DC link voltage Sum of step down chopper currents 3 ph converter DC link current Motor torque with ripple Sum of these two current Chopper input current Line voltage and current DC‐ link capa‐ citor current

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Voltage, Current, Flux, Power and Torque in a Mains-powered Induction Machine

U1

Voltage

I1

Current

P1

Driven Power

Mo

Torque

1

Stator Flux

2

Rotor Flux

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Voltage, Current, Flux, Power and Torque in a Converter-powered Induction Machine

U1

Voltage

I1

Current

P1

Driven Power

Mo

Torque

1

Stator Flux

2

Rotor Flux Range of constant Stator Flux

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Voltage, Current, Flux, Power and Torque in a Converter-powered Induction Machine

U1

Voltage

I1

Current

P1

Driven Power

Mo

Torque

1

Stator Flux

2

Rotor Flux Range of constant Stator Voltage