Natural Resource Management for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Natural Resource Management for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Natural Resource Management for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: Flower Production around Lake Naivasha Basin-Kenya Wilfred Nyangena Dirk Willem te Velde Prepared for the 13th EADI General Conference and DSA Annual Conference Introduction


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Natural Resource Management for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: Flower Production around Lake Naivasha Basin-Kenya

Wilfred Nyangena Dirk Willem te Velde

Prepared for the 13th EADI General Conference and DSA Annual Conference

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Introduction

  • Lake Naivasha basin and the WEL nexus
  • Natural resource management and inclusive

sustainable growth

  • The importance of coordination in WEL nexus

for ISG- LakeNaivasha Basin

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I.Why Lake Naivasha Basin?

  • Lake Naivasha Basin (LNB) provides the basis for a

number of economic activities-agriculture, tourism, energy production and flower production.

  • Basin currently generates about 10% of forex to Kenya.

Produces a fifth of all roses on the EU market.

  • Close to 2 million Kenyans derive their livelihoods from

the basin.

  • Incomes are relatively higher than rest of the country.
  • YET there are considerable environmental pressures

due to land use change and behaviour of upstream users and the success of the sector hence attracting many.

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Why LNB cont’d

  • The future of one very successful and rapidly emerging industry in

Africa is critically dependent on the management of a small river basin.

  • A complex situation of different users from different locations in

different sectors.

  • Land use changes upstream affects availability and quality of water

downstream.

  • The production of geothermal energy downstream requires water and

affects land use.

  • Flower farms downstream withdraw water and require energy

services.

  • Tourism critically depends on quality water resources.
  • This is a perfect example of how Water-Energy-Land resources are

increasingly interrelated and affect each other. _ The WEL nexus.

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Forest cover changes: 1973 and 2008

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Who are the Players?

  • Small scale farmers upstream and flower

farmers downstream affect water quality and availability.

  • Renewable energy production requires land

and water.

  • Pastoralists require land and water for their

livestock.

  • Tourism sector requires quality water.
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Players cont’d

  • Deforestation in the upper catchment. Extreme

floods during rainy season and low volumes in drought.

  • Sub division of land owing to population pressure.
  • Increased sediment load circa 7 million tons into the

lake.

  • Heavy metal contamination from pesticides.
  • Destruction of papyrus leading to loss of filtering

functions.

  • Lost flood control capacity and fish breeding

grounds.

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II.NRM & ISG-Role of business and their associations

  • Business association have responded to the

environmental challenges posed by a deteriorating quality of lake Naivasha basin.

  • Flower companies-most visible though there

are other institutions.

  • Declining profits and the desire to remain

competitive internationally has raised issues

  • f sustainability among the players.
  • Examples:
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Examples

Finlays ( Formerly Flamingo flowers)

  • Invested millions of pounds in water recycling, rainwater

harvesting to reduce water use by flowers.

  • Reduced pesticide use especially the toxic class 1 chemicals.

Now use biological control e.g ladybirds and other predators.

  • Adherence to labour laws, ethical trade initiative (ETI)
  • Established tree nurseries and initiated tree planting to

replenish deforested lands.

  • All flower production and processing now follows the

Fairtrade standards and several other audits.

  • The Kenya flower Council has also introduced the Gold

standard.

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Examples cont’d

Oserian Flowers

  • Flower farm has invested in clean energy

provision by sinking a well to tap geothermal energy for flower production. (no chemicals, water recycled etc)

  • To improve the carbon footprint flowers

transported by sea etc.

  • Ecological farming practices eg use of red

worms, biological pest control etc.

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III.Business associations

Kenya Flower Council (KfC)and Fresh Produce Export Association (FPEAK)

  • Bringing stakeholders and taking leader role to host Kenya

flower days to their customers in the EU to display their ”clean” flower production methods.

  • Developed a code of practice based on Global Good

Agriculture Practices (GAP).

  • Established standards and conducts regular audits to ensure

adherence by members.

  • By being compliant to the code of practice the companies

have promoted inclusive and sustainable growth.

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Other local initiatives

Lake Naivasha Water Resources Users Association (LANAWRUA)

  • Lake Naivasha Riparian Association (LNRA) established in 1929

to protect local landowner’s rights.

  • With the advent of the flower industry the association has

tried to balance the impact of expanding commercial interests and protecting the environmental integrity of the lake.

  • Lake Naivasha Growers Group (LNGG) and Lake Naivasha

Riparian Association (LNRA) formed in response to the declining ecosystem.

  • They have developed a comprehensive management plan to

control human activity in the basin.

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Government

  • Ministry of Environment and Mineral

Resources started piecemeal actions to save the lake.(Water harvesting,restoration of dams etc.)

  • Prime Minister’s office with Prince Charles last

July started the ”Imarisha Naivasha” initiative to restore the ecology of the basin.

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International Actors

  • UNDP, CARE &WWF – PES scheme for

upstream farmers. Coasian approach where downstream users will pay/ ”bribe” those upstream not to pollute and over abstract the water.

  • IPM support for universities and local

laboratories.

  • The KfC in collaboration with international

labs such SGS, De Haan Labs of Netherlands etc.

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Conclusion

  • A perfect example of how water-energy-land interact- WEL

nexus.

  • Various initiatives are on by local government and institutions,

small scale agricultural users etc on how to improve the management of the basin.

  • BUT more is needed:
  • water stewardship
  • PES (payment for ecological services)
  • Promotion of public-private dialogue
  • enhancement of water use efficiency by flower farms
  • enhance water resource management
  • Assistance in coordinating the emerging actors and their

initiatives