Natural Resource Management for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Natural Resource Management for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: Flower Production around Lake Naivasha Basin-Kenya

Wilfred Nyangena Dirk Willem te Velde

Prepared for the 13th EADI General Conference and DSA Annual Conference

Introduction

• Lake Naivasha basin and the WEL nexus
• Natural resource management and inclusive

sustainable growth

• The importance of coordination in WEL nexus

for ISG- LakeNaivasha Basin

I.Why Lake Naivasha Basin?

• Lake Naivasha Basin (LNB) provides the basis for a

number of economic activities-agriculture, tourism, energy production and flower production.

• Basin currently generates about 10% of forex to Kenya.

Produces a fifth of all roses on the EU market.

• Close to 2 million Kenyans derive their livelihoods from

the basin.

• Incomes are relatively higher than rest of the country.
• YET there are considerable environmental pressures

due to land use change and behaviour of upstream users and the success of the sector hence attracting many.

Why LNB cont’d

• The future of one very successful and rapidly emerging industry in

Africa is critically dependent on the management of a small river basin.

• A complex situation of different users from different locations in

different sectors.

• Land use changes upstream affects availability and quality of water

downstream.

• The production of geothermal energy downstream requires water and

affects land use.

• Flower farms downstream withdraw water and require energy

services.

• Tourism critically depends on quality water resources.
• This is a perfect example of how Water-Energy-Land resources are

increasingly interrelated and affect each other. _ The WEL nexus.

Forest cover changes: 1973 and 2008

Who are the Players?

• Small scale farmers upstream and flower

farmers downstream affect water quality and availability.

• Renewable energy production requires land

and water.

• Pastoralists require land and water for their

livestock.

• Tourism sector requires quality water.

Players cont’d

• Deforestation in the upper catchment. Extreme

floods during rainy season and low volumes in drought.

• Sub division of land owing to population pressure.
• Increased sediment load circa 7 million tons into the

lake.

• Heavy metal contamination from pesticides.
• Destruction of papyrus leading to loss of filtering

functions.

• Lost flood control capacity and fish breeding

grounds.

II.NRM & ISG-Role of business and their associations

• Business association have responded to the

environmental challenges posed by a deteriorating quality of lake Naivasha basin.

• Flower companies-most visible though there

are other institutions.

• Declining profits and the desire to remain

competitive internationally has raised issues

• f sustainability among the players.
• Examples:

Examples

Finlays ( Formerly Flamingo flowers)

• Invested millions of pounds in water recycling, rainwater

harvesting to reduce water use by flowers.

• Reduced pesticide use especially the toxic class 1 chemicals.

Now use biological control e.g ladybirds and other predators.

• Adherence to labour laws, ethical trade initiative (ETI)
• Established tree nurseries and initiated tree planting to

replenish deforested lands.

• All flower production and processing now follows the

Fairtrade standards and several other audits.

• The Kenya flower Council has also introduced the Gold

standard.

Examples cont’d

Oserian Flowers

• Flower farm has invested in clean energy

provision by sinking a well to tap geothermal energy for flower production. (no chemicals, water recycled etc)

• To improve the carbon footprint flowers

transported by sea etc.

• Ecological farming practices eg use of red

worms, biological pest control etc.

III.Business associations

Kenya Flower Council (KfC)and Fresh Produce Export Association (FPEAK)

• Bringing stakeholders and taking leader role to host Kenya

flower days to their customers in the EU to display their ”clean” flower production methods.

• Developed a code of practice based on Global Good

Agriculture Practices (GAP).

• Established standards and conducts regular audits to ensure

adherence by members.

• By being compliant to the code of practice the companies

have promoted inclusive and sustainable growth.

Other local initiatives

Lake Naivasha Water Resources Users Association (LANAWRUA)

• Lake Naivasha Riparian Association (LNRA) established in 1929

to protect local landowner’s rights.

• With the advent of the flower industry the association has

tried to balance the impact of expanding commercial interests and protecting the environmental integrity of the lake.

• Lake Naivasha Growers Group (LNGG) and Lake Naivasha

Riparian Association (LNRA) formed in response to the declining ecosystem.

• They have developed a comprehensive management plan to

control human activity in the basin.

Government

• Ministry of Environment and Mineral

Resources started piecemeal actions to save the lake.(Water harvesting,restoration of dams etc.)

• Prime Minister’s office with Prince Charles last

July started the ”Imarisha Naivasha” initiative to restore the ecology of the basin.

International Actors

• UNDP, CARE &WWF – PES scheme for

upstream farmers. Coasian approach where downstream users will pay/ ”bribe” those upstream not to pollute and over abstract the water.

• IPM support for universities and local

laboratories.

• The KfC in collaboration with international

labs such SGS, De Haan Labs of Netherlands etc.

Conclusion

• A perfect example of how water-energy-land interact- WEL

nexus.

• Various initiatives are on by local government and institutions,

small scale agricultural users etc on how to improve the management of the basin.

• BUT more is needed:
• water stewardship
• PES (payment for ecological services)
• Promotion of public-private dialogue
• enhancement of water use efficiency by flower farms
• enhance water resource management
• Assistance in coordinating the emerging actors and their

initiatives